1 材料与方法
1.1 材料
1.2 方法
1.3 数据处理
2 结果与分析
2.1 不同氮、钾肥施用量对嫁接苦瓜干物质积累和分配的影响
表1 不同氮、钾肥施用量下的嫁接苦瓜干物质积累分配量Tab. 1 Dry matter accumulation and distribution of grafted bitter gourd under different application rates of nitrogen and potassium |
| 生育时期 Growing stage | 处理 Treatments | 根 Root/(g·plant-1) | 茎 Stem/(g·plant-1) | 叶 Leaf/(g·plant-1) | 果 Fruit/(g·plant-1) | 果实干物质分配率 Distribution ratio of fruit/% |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 幼苗期 | T1 | 0.05±0.02b | 0.31±0.02d | 0.45±0.02c | ||
| T2 | 0.08±0.01a | 0.48±0.05a | 0.73±0.05a | |||
| T3 | 0.07±0.01ab | 0.41±0.01b | 0.69±0.01a | |||
| T4 | 0.07±0.01ab | 0.38±0.01bc | 0.69±0.01a | |||
| T5 | 0.06±0.00ab | 0.32±0.03cd | 0.58±0.03b | |||
| T6 | 0.07±0.01ab | 0.32±0.07cd | 0.57±0.02b | |||
| 初瓜期 | T1 | 0.44±0.22b | 19.50±4.28c | 89.40±4.03d | 15.30±1.83e | 12.00±0.02c |
| T2 | 0.85±0.07a | 33.40±1.90a | 119.50±5.02a | 35.50±2.04a | 19.00±0.01a | |
| T3 | 0.71±0.13ab | 31.70±1.36a | 107.00±2.79b | 30.90±4.00b | 18.00±0.01ab | |
| T4 | 0.59±0.12ab | 29.40±2.12ab | 104.00±1.47b | 23.50±0.69bc | 15.00±0.00b | |
| T5 | 0.58±0.05ab | 26.00±3.29b | 98.90±1.20c | 21.60±1.03c | 15.00±0.01b | |
| T6 | 0.61±0.16ab | 24.00±1.09bc | 96.35±2.98d | 20.60±0.96de | 15.00±0.01b | |
| 盛果期 | T1 | 0.86±0.08c | 69.50±0.70d | 167.40±3.32d | 160.40±3.74e | 40.00±0.01d |
| T2 | 1.56±0.03a | 84.90±2.05a | 238.40±3.04a | 279.50±6.36a | 46.00±0.01a | |
| T3 | 1.15±0.07b | 75.70±1.68b | 233.30±2.66b | 253.00±5.93b | 45.00±0.01b | |
| T4 | 1.14±0.08b | 73.90±1.20c | 198.80±3.65c | 208.90±6.15cd | 43.00±0.00c | |
| T5 | 1.14±0.01b | 75.00±2.05b | 226.80±1.77b | 225.70±5.66bc | 43.00±0.01c | |
| T6 | 1.04±0.07bc | 71.80±0.92cd | 171.90±5.98c | 178.70±5.01de | 42.00±0.01c |
注:同一生育期同一器官不同小写字母表示不同处理间的差异显著(P<0.05)。 | |
Note: Different lowercase letters in the same organ during the same growth period indicate significant differences between different treatments (P<0.05). |
2.2 不同氮、钾肥施用量对嫁接苦瓜氮素累积吸收及分配的影响
表2 不同氮、钾肥施用量下的嫁接苦瓜氮素累积分配量Tab. 2 Nitrogen accumulation and distribution of grafted bitter gourd under different application rates of nitrogen and potassium |
| 生育时期 Growing stage | 处理 Treatments | 根 Root/(mg·plant-1) | 茎 Stem/(mg·plant-1) | 叶 Leaf/(mg·plant-1) | 果 Fruit/(mg·plant-1) | 果实氮分配率 N distribution ratio of fruit/% |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 幼苗期 | T1 | 0.99±0.35c | 9.39±0.60c | 11.70±0.86d | ||
| T2 | 2.30±0.06a | 20.35±2.74a | 33.89±3.05a | |||
| T3 | 1.79±0.31ab | 14.60±0.63b | 29.70±1.52ab | |||
| T4 | 1.79±0.08ab | 11.80±1.17bc | 28.00±0.61b | |||
| T5 | 1.41±0.15bc | 11.20±0.50c | 21.60±2.05c | |||
| T6 | 1.49±0.22bc | 10.40±0.92c | 21.00±2.04c | |||
| 初瓜期 | T1 | 6.35±2.90c | 222.20±16.80d | 2360.70±182.40e | 324.10±15.31e | 11.00±0.01b |
| T2 | 17.90±2.43a | 633.40±50.10a | 5312.20±406.10a | 1127.80±7.70a | 16.00±0.01a | |
| T3 | 13.30±2.88b | 486.70±36.50b | 4548.80±116.40b | 899.60±15.56b | 15.00±0.03a | |
| T4 | 10.80±2.32bc | 500.20±5.45b | 3730.30±120.50bc | 688.70±7.48bc | 14.00±0.00ab | |
| T5 | 9.79±0.78bc | 381.40±25.60c | 3447.70±125.00cd | 604.10±9.72c | 14.00±0.01ab | |
| T6 | 9.84±3.18bc | 332.20±7.16cd | 3143.10±240.30d | 500.40±2.98d | 13.00±0.01ab | |
| 盛果期 | T1 | 9.41±2.00e | 1033.70±21.20d | 5172.20±139.00e | 3834.10±248.30e | 38.00±0.02c |
| T2 | 29.10±2.05a | 2081.10±72.00a | 9764.70±249.30a | 9054.60±498.30a | 43.00±0.01a | |
| T3 | 20.00±0.06b | 1460.20±48.00b | 8733.50±135.20b | 7011.20±422.40b | 41.00±0.01b | |
| T4 | 15.90±1.67cd | 1202.00±50.30cd | 7526.20±424.70c | 6004.90±417.20c | 41.00±0.01b | |
| T5 | 18.30±1.66bc | 1330.00±44.60b | 8467.90±351.50b | 6640.30±494.60bc | 40.00±0.03bc | |
| T6 | 13.10±0.14de | 1150.40±74.00cd | 6452.10±84.16cd | 5096.10±139.10d | 40.00±0.03bc |
注:同一生育期同一器官不同小写字母表示不同处理间的差异显著(P<0.05)。 | |
Note: Different lowercase letters in the same organ during the same growth period indicate significant differences between different treatments (P<0.05). |
2.3 不同氮、钾肥施用量对嫁接苦瓜磷素累积吸收及分配的影响
表3 不同氮、钾肥施用量下的嫁接苦瓜磷素累积分配量Tab. 3 Phosphorus accumulation and distribution of grafted bitter gourd under different application rates of nitrogen and potassium |
| 生育时期 Growing stage | 处理 Treatments | 根 Root/(mg·plant-1) | 茎 Stem/(mg·plant-1) | 叶 Leaf/(mg·plant-1) | 果 Fruit/(mg·plant-1) | 果实磷分配率 P distribution ratio of fruit/% |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 幼苗期 | T1 | 0.29±0.05b | 1.86 ±0.06d | 2.65±0.04c | ||
| T2 | 0.47±0.03a | 3.90±0.51a | 5.01±0.40a | |||
| T3 | 0.39±0.07ab | 3.21±0.17b | 4.59±0.04a | |||
| T4 | 0.38±0.03ab | 2.89±0.16b | 4.52±0.01a | |||
| T5 | 0.31±0.02b | 2.28±0.11c | 3.69±0.50b | |||
| T6 | 0.36±0.03b | 2.19±0.16c | 3.51±0.13b | |||
| 初瓜期 | T1 | 1.72±0.85c | 83.05±17.50e | 424.53±25.50e | 77.73±7.47d | 13.00±0.02c |
| T2 | 4.37±0.21a | 180.81±13.10a | 675.46±52.60a | 218.57±8.89a | 20.00±0.01a | |
| T3 | 3.39±0.71ab | 165.61±10.20ab | 596.24±18.40b | 182.94±25.80b | 19.00±0.02ab | |
| T4 | 2.72±0.63bc | 148.94±9.09bc | 556.89±9.04bc | 132.82±5.50bc | 16.00±0.01b | |
| T5 | 2.53±0.15bc | 124.09±1.99cd | 510.87±13.50c | 119.45±7.16c | 16.00±0.01b | |
| T6 | 2.50±0.57bc | 108.12±2.98de | 475.80±8.20d | 109.29±11.30cd | 16.00±0.01b | |
| 盛果期 | T1 | 3.48±0.40c | 319.36±0.77e | 793.56±38.50d | 820.75±33.04e | 42.00±0.01d |
| T2 | 7.72±0.08a | 462.35±5.19a | 1338.37±23.70a | 1698.49±139.10a | 48.00±0.02a | |
| T3 | 5.34±0.39b | 400.88±1.89b | 1250.44±36.80b | 1455.97±88.20ab | 47.00±0.02b | |
| T4 | 5.00±0.08b | 376.12±7.22cd | 1007.79±11.60c | 1145.09±48.80cd | 45.00±0.01b | |
| T5 | 5.21±0.45b | 390.09±17.20bc | 1197.67±40.60b | 1278.31±85.50bc | 44.00±0.04c | |
| T6 | 4.47±0.78bc | 355.12±11.20d | 849.39±17.80cd | 961.69±14.30de | 44.00±0.03c |
注:同一生育期同一器官不同小写字母表示不同处理间的差异显著(P<0.05)。 | |
Note: Different lowercase letters in the same organ during the same growth period indicate significant differences between different treatments (P<0.05). |
2.4 不同氮、钾肥施用量对嫁接苦瓜钾素累积吸收及分配特性的影响
表4 不同氮、钾肥施用量下的嫁接苦瓜钾素累积分配量Tab. 4 Cumulative distribution of potassium in grafted bitter gourd under different application rates of nitrogen and potassium |
| 生育时期 Growing stage | 处理 Treatments | 根 Root/(mg·plant-1) | 茎 Stem/(mg·plant-1) | 叶 Leaf/(mg·plant-1) | 果 Fruit/(mg·plant-1) | 果实钾分配率 K distribution ratio of fruit/% |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 幼苗期 | T1 | 1.18±0.40c | 18.54±0.58c | 17.13±0.66c | ||
| T2 | 2.43±0.11a | 32.11±4.26a | 35.15±3.00a | |||
| T3 | 1.99±0.34ab | 24.95±1.11b | 31.55±0.21a | |||
| T4 | 1.86±0.07ab | 20.54±2.03bc | 30.91±0.97a | |||
| T5 | 1.47±0.17bc | 20.23±1.41bc | 24.92±4.05b | |||
| T6 | 1.71±0.08bc | 20.02±1.47bc | 23.46±1.78b | |||
| 初瓜期 | T1 | 8.48±4.03c | 695.18±56.60d | 3627.30±198.90e | 668.52±89.70c | 14.00±0.04d |
| T2 | 22.86±1.28a | 1603.39±82.10a | 5761.90±629.10a | 1833.31±87.10a | 20.00±0.03a | |
| T3 | 17.92±3.74ab | 1469.91±72.30ab | 5023.04±219.00b | 1543.45±157.10a | 19.00±0.02ab | |
| T4 | 14.05±3.50bc | 1353.68±96.50b | 4824.14±261.40bc | 1219.33±66.00ab | 16.00±0.01c | |
| T5 | 12.51±0.78bc | 1119.93±19.50bc | 4376.65±116.90cd | 1027.56±38.90b | 16.00±0.01c | |
| T6 | 13.16±2.74bc | 1065.26±60.90c | 4253.59±120.00d | 950.06±52.70bc | 15.00±0.01cd | |
| 盛果期 | T1 | 14.55±1.69d | 2750.02±46.60e | 5787.90±14.10d | 6535.35±208.80d | 43.00±0.01d |
| T2 | 37.54±0.84a | 3828.68±24.80a | 10474.32±319.30a | 12996.33±177.60a | 48.00±0.01a | |
| T3 | 27.51±2.23b | 3383.34±22.60b | 9629.59±73.50b | 10970.76±240.10b | 46.00±0.01b | |
| T4 | 21.15±0.78c | 3091.00±27.70cd | 7963.03±315.70c | 9068.60±250.30c | 45.00±0.00c | |
| T5 | 25.93±1.03b | 3284.73±92.30bc | 9268.55±438.10b | 10379.33±449.90b | 45.00±0.00c | |
| T6 | 19.59±3.17c | 3040.86±91.10d | 7417.40±484.40c | 8681.14±320.10c | 45.00±0.02c |
注:同一生育期同一器官不同小写字母表示不同处理间的差异显著(P<0.05)。 | |
Note: Different lowercase letters in the same organ during the same growth period indicate significant differences between different treatments (P<0.05). |
2.5 不同氮、钾肥施用量对嫁接苦瓜产量的影响
表5 不同氮、钾肥施用量下的嫁接苦瓜产量Tab. 5 Yield of grafted bitter gourd under different application rates of nitrogen and potassium |
| 处理 Treatments | 单瓜重 Average weight/kg | 产量 Yield/(t·hm-2) |
|---|---|---|
| T1 | 0.39±0.03c | 24.42±1.03d |
| T2 | 0.59±0.04a | 43.63±2.36a |
| T3 | 0.48±0.04b | 36.36±2.85b |
| T4 | 0.45±0.02bc | 33.74±1.60b |
| T5 | 0.43±0.03bc | 29.70±2.55c |
| T6 | 0.40±0.01c | 27.75±1.38c |
注:不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。 | |
Note: Different lowercase letters mean significant difference among treatments (P<0.05). |
