1 材料与方法
1.1 材料
表1 研究材料Tab. 1 The germplasm materials |
| 序号 No. | 材料名称 Material name | 序号 No. | 材料名称 Material name |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | SC9 | 10 | C4 |
| 2 | GR9 | 11 | 47-1 |
| 3 | SC8 | 12 | F200 |
| 4 | SC205 | 13 | 52-3 |
| 5 | 20-9 | 14 | 18-9 |
| 6 | F241 | 15 | 20-18 |
| 7 | 44-5 | 16 | 24-6 |
| 8 | 16P | 17 | KU50 |
| 9 | 20-4 | 18 | SC124 |
1.2 方法
表2 木薯冷害级别划分Tab. 2 Classification of cassava cold injury |
| 冷害级别 Coldness level | 叶片冷害分级 Classification of leaf chilling injury | 茎杆冷害分级 Classification of stem chilling injury | 薯块冷害分级 Classification of crisps chilling injury |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 不受害 | 不受害 | 不受害 |
| 1 | 落叶率与相对水渍斑占比均值范围(1%,25%) | 茎杆干枯率与芽点存活率均值范围(1%,25%) | 薯块斑点横切面占比(1%,25%) |
| 2 | 落叶率与相对水渍斑占比均值范围(25%,50%) | 茎杆干枯率与芽点存活率均值范围(25%,50%) | 薯块斑点横切面占比(25%,50%) |
| 3 | 落叶率与相对水渍斑占比均值范围(50%,75%) | 茎杆干枯率与芽点存活率均值范围(50%,75%) | 薯块斑点横切面占比(50%,75%) |
| 4 | 落叶率与相对水渍斑占比均值≥75% | 茎杆干枯率与芽点存活率均值≥75% | 薯块斑点横切面占比≥75% |
1.3 数据处理
2 结果与分析
2.1 木薯试验地田间低温的持续时间和强度
2.2 木薯试验地田间木薯寒害情况
表3 木薯不同种质寒害表现Tab. 3 Performance of cassava with different germplasm chilling injury |
| 编号 No. | 品种 Cultivar | 叶片相对水渍斑占比 Water stain ratio of leaves/% | 落叶率 Defoliation rate/% | 茎杆干枯率 Stem drying rate/% | 芽点死亡率 Shoot death rate/% | 薯块斑点横面占比 Root spot ratio/% |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | SC9 | 0.16abc | 0.85def | 0.19abcd | 0.52ab | 0.46def |
| 2 | GR9 | 0.78fg | 1.00f | 0.14ab | 0.37a | 0.32abcde |
| 3 | SC8 | 0.51def | 1.00f | 0.53de | 1.00d | 0.16abc |
| 4 | SC205 | 0.21abcd | 0.35ab | 0.33abcde | 0.85bcd | 0.28abcd |
| 5 | 20-9 | 0.45cde | 0.47abc | 0.42abcde | 0.60ab | 0.63ef |
| 6 | F241 | 0.18abcd | 0.63abcde | 0.34abcde | 0.56ab | 0.15abcd |
| 7 | 44-5 | 0.83g | 0.94ef | 0.49bcde | 0.70abcd | 0.36bcdef |
| 8 | 16P | 0.61efg | 0.71cdef | 0.40abcde | 0.96cd | 0.67f |
| 9 | 20-4 | 0.17abcd | 0.34a | 0.12a | 0.45a | 0.29abcd |
| 10 | C4 | 0.37bcde | 0.91ef | 0.58e | 1.00d | 0.06ab |
| 11 | 47-1 | 0.21abcd | 0.68bcdef | 0.24abcde | 0.85bcd | 0.13abcd |
| 12 | F200 | 0.00a | 0.46abc | 0.16abc | 0.36a | 0.00a |
| 13 | 52-3 | 0.01a | 0.72cdef | 0.20abcd | 0.81bcd | 0.24abcd |
| 14 | 18-9 | 0.29abcde | 0.98f | 0.32abcde | 0.99cd | 0.00a |
| 15 | 20-18 | 0.10ab | 0.81def | 0.50cde | 0.97cd | 0.20abcd |
| 16 | 24-6 | 0.17abcd | 0.62abcde | 0.48bcde | 0.98cd | 0.44cdef |
| 17 | KU50 | 0.22abcd | 0.86def | 0.21abcde | 0.65abcd | 0.11abcd |
| 18 | SC124 | 0.14abc | 0.56abcd | 0.23abcde | 0.65abcd | 0.00a |
Note: Different lowercase letters in the same column indicate significant difference (p<0.05). | |
注:同列不同小写字母表示差异显著(p<0.05)。 |
表4 木薯冷害分级Tab. 4 Division of Manihot esculenta Crantz affected by coldness |
| 品种 Cultivar | 叶片冷害分级 Classification of leaf chilling injury | 茎杆冷害分级 Classification of stem chilling injury | 薯块冷害分级 Classification of crisps chilling injury | 总分级 Total grade |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SC9 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 7 |
| GR9 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 8 |
| SC8 | 4 | 4 | 1 | 9 |
| SC205 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 7 |
| 20-9 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 8 |
| F241 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 6 |
| 44-5 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 9 |
| 16P | 3 | 3 | 3 | 9 |
| 20-4 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 6 |
| C4 | 3 | 4 | 1 | 8 |
| 47-1 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 6 |
| F200 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 3 |
| 52-3 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 6 |
| 18-9 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 6 |
| 20-18 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 6 |
| 24-6 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 7 |
| KU50 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 6 |
| SC124 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 4 |
2.3 低温胁迫对木薯苗期的生理影响
图2 低温胁迫下木薯叶片相对电导率和丙二醛的变化不同小写字母表示差异显著(p<0.05)。 Fig. 2 Changes of relative conductivity and malondialdehyde content of cassava leaves under low temperature stress Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference (p<0.05). |
图3 低温胁迫下木薯叶片渗透调节物质的变化不同小写字母表示差异显著(p<0.05)。 Fig. 3 Changes of the osmotic adjustment substance in cassava leaves under low temperature stress Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference (p<0.05). |
2.4 木薯种质耐寒性及指标综合评价
表5 5个木薯品种生理指标的耐寒系数Tab. 5 Cold resistant coefficients of five cassava cultivars |
| 品种Cultivar | REC | MDA | SP | SS | POD | SOD | CAT |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 20-4 | 2.776 | 1.217 | 1.109 | 1.428 | 1.609 | 0.768 | 2.233 |
| 16P | 4.752 | 1.232 | 1.082 | 1.214 | 1.099 | 0.769 | 0.733 |
| F200 | 1.951 | 1.138 | 1.240 | 1.601 | 1.348 | 0.910 | 1.439 |
| 52-3 | 3.359 | 1.308 | 1.350 | 1.613 | 1.176 | 0.729 | 1.448 |
| SC8 | 8.619 | 1.631 | 1.056 | 1.283 | 1.048 | 0.829 | 0.724 |
表6 5个木薯品种生理指标相关系数矩阵Tab. 6 Correlation coefficient matrix of physiological indexes of five cassava cultivars |
| 指标Index | REC | MDA | SP | SS | POD | SOD | CAT |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| REC | 1.000 | ||||||
| MDA | 0.942* | 1.000 | |||||
| SP | -0.592 | -0.383 | 1.000 | ||||
| SS | -0.686 | -0.432 | 0.898* | 1.000 | |||
| POD | -0.689 | -0.590 | 0.071 | 0.394 | 1.000 | ||
| SOD | -0.042 | -0.075 | -0.105 | 0.163 | 0.052 | 1.000 | |
| CAT | -0.705 | -0.524 | 0.306 | 0.566 | 0.947* | -0.137 | 1.000 |
Note: * represents significant correlation at 0.05 level. | |
注:*表示在0.05水平上显著相关。 |
表7 5个木薯品种生理指标主成分分析结果Tab. 7 Results of principal components analysis of physiological indexes of five cassava cultivars |
| 指标Index | 特征向量 Eigenvector | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| CI(1) | CI(2) | CI(3) | |
| REC | -0.482 | 0.010 | -0.049 |
| MDA | -0.408 | 0.118 | -0.125 |
| SP | 0.325 | 0.646 | -0.162 |
| SS | 0.404 | 0.446 | 0.073 |
| POD | 0.391 | -0.509 | 0.029 |
| SOD | 0.015 | 0.044 | 0.957 |
| CAT | 0.423 | -0.329 | -0.182 |
| 特征值Eigenvalue | 3.955 | 1.322 | 1.070 |
| 贡献率Proportion/% | 56.499 | 18.885 | 15.286 |
| 积累贡献率Cumulative proportion/% | 56.499 | 75.383 | 90.670 |
不同木薯品种幼苗期耐寒性综合评价表Tab. 8 Comprehensive evaluation of cold resistance in seedling stage of different cassava cultivars |
| 品种Cultivar | 综合指标值 Comprehensive index value [CI(x)] | 隶属函数值 Subordinative function value [μ(x)] | 综合评价值 Comprehensive evaluation value (D) | 排名 Rank | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CI(1) | CI(2) | CI(3) | μ(1) | μ(2) | μ(3) | |||
| 20-4 | 1.533 | -1.655 | -0.507 | 0.979 | 0.000 | 0.242 | 0.651 | 3 |
| 16P | -1.301 | -0.378 | -0.220 | 0.347 | 0.409 | 0.346 | 0.360 | 4 |
| F200 | 1.627 | 0.491 | 1.581 | 1.000 | 0.687 | 1.000 | 0.935 | 1 |
| 52-3 | 0.994 | 1.469 | -1.172 | 0.859 | 1.000 | 0.000 | 0.743 | 2 |
| SC8 | -2.854 | 0.073 | 0.319 | 0.000 | 0.553 | 0.541. | 0.206 | 5 |
| 权重Weight | 0.623 | 0.208 | 0.169 | |||||
表9 单项生理指标与D值和相对电导率的相关性Tab. 9 Correlation between single physiological index and D value and relative conductivity |
| 指标Index | REC | MDA | SP | SS | POD | SOD | CAT |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| D值D value | -0.919* | -0.768 | 0.752 | 0.899* | 0.611 | 0.243 | 0.674 |
| REC | 1 | 0.942* | -0.592 | -0.686 | -0.689 | -0.042 | -0.705 |
| 综合相关性 Comprehensive correlation | 0.960* | 0.855 | 0.672 | 0.793 | 0.650 | 0.143 | 0.690 |
| 排名Rank | 1 | 2 | 5 | 3 | 6 | 7 | 4 |
Note: * represents significant correlation at 0.05 level. | |
注:*表示在0.05水平上显著相关。 |
