Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops

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Phytophysiology and Biochemistry

Anatomic Characteristics of Bark of Very High- yielding Rubber Budding Tre

Liu Zifan', Wang Jun, Lin Weif

2009, 30(9): 1221-1225.

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A number of super -high yielding rubber tee(budding tee) that yield 10~15 times higher than the local ordinary rubber tees are found in China. The structure of barks(opposite to the bark 10cm above the cuting line) of the trmnk and conducting roots of the very high yielding budding tree (unselected seedlings as rotstocks and PB86 as scions) were investigated in order to reveal the causes of their super-high yield. The results showed that the thickness of conducting phloem, the number of young latex vessel rings, the total number of latex vessel rings, the ratio of the number of young latex vessel rings to the total number of latex vessel rings, the diameter of latex vessels and sieve tubes in the tree trunk of the super-high yielding rubber tees were obviously higher than those in the ordinary rubber tees. Espeially,y the ratio of the number of latex vessel rings to the number of cell layers in the conducting phloem was higher in the super-high yielding rubber trees than in the ordinary rubber trees. Moreover, the thickness and number of layers of cortical parenchyma cells in the conducting rols were sgificantly lower in the super -high yielding rubber tees than in the ordinary rubber tees, but the diameter of vessels in the conducting root were higher. This suggests that the cambium was higher in latex vessel diferentiation and water and nutition transport in the super-high yielding rubber tres than in the ordinary rubber tee

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Phytophysiology and Biochemistry

Biological Characteristics of Peronophthora litchii

Cai Xueqing Lin Na Chen Wei Hu Fangping

2009, 30(9): 1226-1231.

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Peronophthora litchii Chen ex Ko was cultured on selected mediums under selected conditions and its biological characteristics and ultra -structures were observed. The results demonstrated that the growth of sporangiophore of this fungus was of multi-determinative type. The sporangia were germinated to form various shapes, such as zoospores, tubes, sporangiophore, or secondary sporangia. The germinating holes were located at one end, both ends or the periphery of the sporangia. One, two or more radical buds were germinated from one germinating hole. The germinating holes from the base of the sporangia generally had higher germination capability. This fungus produced chlamydospores and oospores 35 days and 45 days respectively after cultured. The sporangia produced from the fungus cultured for 10 days had the highest germinating rate. The sporangia were germinated to form zoospores at 16~24 ℃ and tubes at 26 ℃. The fungus produced most spores on the PDA plate, and grew fastest on the oat plate. The most suitable pH for its growth was 6~8. Observation of the ultrastructures of this fungus showed that the fungus invaded lychee fruit through the lenticels and cracks of the rind by means of sporangia or zoospores, then germinated and dispersed within the pericarp and then into the endocarp. The results offer a deeper understanding of this pathogen and provide theoretical basis for understanding of the occurrence and damage of the Litchi downy blight.

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Phytophysiology and Biochemistry

Effects of Bagging Time on Growth, Development and Quality of‘Lidongben’ Longan Fruit

Zheng Jinshui Zhao Yunfeng Lin Hetong Lin Wenzhong Zhuang Weidong Tang Hongling

2009, 30(9): 1232-1237.

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Fruit of longan ‘Lidongben’ (Dimocarpus longan Lour. ‘Lidongben’）, a late cultivar in Fujian Province, China, were bagged at days 80, 95 and 110 after full bloom to observe their growth and development, apparent quality and pulp internal quality. Early pre -harvest fruit bagging yielded a higher rate of fruit-dropping. Pre-harvest fruit bagging increased fruit longitudinal and transversal diameter, single fruit weight, contents of chlorophyll, carotenoids, anthocyanins and flavonoids in pericarp and contents of total soluble solids, total sugars, vitamin C and soluble protein in fruit flesh, and decreased content of titratable acidity in fruit flesh. The results suggested that the optimum pre-harvest fruit bagging time for‘Lidongben’ longan fruit was at the day 110 after full bloom, or about 1 month before harvest.

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Phytophysiology and Biochemistry

Physiological and Biochemical Responses of Cucumber(Cucumis sativus L.) under Prolonged High Temperature

Xu Li, Li Zhiying

2009, 30(9): 1238-1245.

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High temperature is a major factor limiting the production of cucumber planted in tropical regions during summer months. The objective of this study was to determine the detrimental effects of prolonged high temperature on cucumber leaves and roots. Shoots and roots were exposed to two different temperature regimes in growth chambers, 22~29 °C (control) and 32~38 ℃ (high temperature). the cucumber yielded much less at prolonged high temperature than at normal temperature(control). The leaf area increased more quickly than that of the control at the early stage, but less than that of the control at the late stage. Ratio of root to shoot, mature leaf net photosynthesis, chlorophyll contents, chlorophyll a/b ratio, and root activity all decreased more significantly in the treatment with prolonged periods of high temperature than in the control. The cucumber treated at 32~38 ℃ had lower SOD activity and higher POD activity and MDA content than those treated at 22~29 ℃. The proportions of newly assimilated 14C translocated to roots were also lower in high temperature treatment than in the control.

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Phytophysiology and Biochemistry

Effects of Different Extraction Technologi es on the Extraction Rate and Anti-lipidperoxidation in Agrocybe cylindracea

Li Huixia, Ye Zhou, Chen Wei, Hu Yanlian, Lu Qian

2009, 30(9): 1246-1251.

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Polysaccharides were extracted from Agrocybe cylindracea by using water extraction and ethanol precipitation methods. Single factor experiment and orthogonal experiment were arranged to analyze the effects of factors such as extraction temperature, pH value and the methods of cell breaking on the extraction of Agrocybe cylindracea polysaccharides and their anti -lipidperoxidation activities in a view to optimize the technology for extraction of polysaccharides. The orthogonal experiment showed that theoretical
optimum extraction conditions were temperature 80 ℃, pH7.5 and freeze-thawing 3 times for cell disruption, and that the intuitive optimum extraction conditions were 80 ℃, pH7.5 and ultrasonic cell-disruption 30 min. These two technologies were found to have very little difference in their results. The extraction of polysaccharides at 80 ℃ and pH7.5 with 30 min of ultrasonic cell disruption is considered as an optimum technology when the extraction cost, energy consumption and the like are considered.

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Phytophysiology and Biochemistry

Effect of Exogenous CPPU and GA Treatments on Fruit Quality of Pineapple

Li Yunhe, Sun Guangming

2009, 30(9): 1252-1255.

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Pineapple(Ananas comosus L.) is an important tropical fruit. To evaluate the effect of N -(2 - chloro-4-pyridyl)-N'-phenylurea(CPPU) and gibberellic acid(GA3) on pineapple(Comte de Paris) quality and production, pineapple fruits were sprayed with CPPU and GA3 at the rates of 5, 10, 20, 50 mg/L at days 20 and 35 respectively after flowering, and with water as the control. The results showed that 20 mg/L CPPU and 50 mg/L GA3 treatments increased the fresh weight of pineapple fruits significantly, increasing by 9.1% and 14.9% respectively as against the control. On the other hand, these two treatments also promoted total soluble sugar accumulation, and the 50 mg/L GA3 treatment increased total soluble sugar content by 36.9%, obviously higher than the control; GA3 treatment also promoted the amount of total titratable acidity, which resulted in the decrease of the pH of fruit juice. However, no significant difference was observed in the content of total soluble solid and Vitamin C from the pineapple fruits treated. This indicates that treatment of pineapple fruits with GA3 at 50 mg/L can increase weight per fruit significantly and have little influence on fruit quality.

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Phytophysiology and Biochemistry

Material Transformation of Coprinus ovatus Cultivated with Chamaecrasta nictitans in Place of Sawdust

Lu Cuixiang Jiang Zhihe Weng Boqi

2009, 30(9): 1256-1260.

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Mushroom Coprinus ovatus was cultivated on a series of growth substrates in which the sawdust component was substituted with Chamaecrasta nictitans to study C. nictitans in terms of biological efficiency, substrate weight loss, respiration -based consumption and conversion of xylem cellulose. The treatment A60 (C. nictitans replacing 60% of the sawdust) had the highest absolute biological efficiency (10.77%). Treatment A0(0% C. nictitans replacing the sawdust, CK) or the control had the highest substrate weight loss and respiration -based consumption either before soil covering or after harvest, which were 11.47% and 11.47%, and 31.75% and 25.55%, respectively, and the lignin conversion rate in the treatment A0 was highest(79.21%); the cellulose conversion rate in the treatment A100(100% C. nictitans substituting the sawdust) was the highest (50.93%); and the semi-cellulose conversion rate in the treatment A40 (40% C.
nictitans substituting the sawdust) was the highest(49.74%) among all the treatments. Regression analysis revealed that the absolute biological efficiency and semi -cellulose conversion had significant parabolic correlation with the percentage of substitution of sawdust with C. nictitans, and that the substrate loss,respiration-based consumption, lignin conversion and cellulose conversion were linearly correlated with the percentage of substitution of saw dust with C. nictitans.

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Crop Culture and Nutrition, Genetic Breeding

Effects of calcium and boron applied on the nutrient absorption, yield and quality of peanut in paddy soil

Yu Junhong, Peng Zhiping, Huang Jichuan, Yang Linxiang, Lin Zhijun

2009, 30(9): 1261-1264.

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Calcium or/and boron was applied to typical acid soil grown with peanut in the south of China, and the growth, yield and quality of the peanut were observed. The results showed that single application of Ca fertilizer regulated the growth of peanut through promoting nutrient transportation from the vegetative art to the pod, and improved the protein in kernel by 6.95% as compared with the control, and that the single application of B fertilizer increased the peanut yield by 3.96% and the crude fat in kernel by 5.70% as compared with the control. The mixed Ca and B treatment improved the absorption and accumulation of nutrients by peanut to increase the peanut yield by 10.82%, and increased the content of crude fat and protein in peanut kernel by 7.73% and 6.48% respectively, improving remarkably the quality of the peanut. It is suggested to apply Ca mixed with B to the paddy field in the

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Crop Culture and Nutrition, Genetic Breeding

Determination of Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn and Na Contents in Primary and Secondary Roots of Maize

Liu Shengqun, Song Fengbin

2009, 30(9): 1265-1270.

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Two maize cultivars ‘Yedan-13’ and ‘Danyu-13’ were grown in a field trial to determine their contents of trace elements Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn and Na in the primary and secondary roots from the first to ninth layers. The results showed that the contents of Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn and Na averaged 6 469, 185, 22, 14, 884 mg·kg -1 in the roots. The primary roots in the maize cultivars contained lower Fe element than the secondary roots but higher Mn, Cu, Zn and Na. The contents of elements in roots of different types varied in the same cultivar, and there was a correlation between the contents of elements in the same layer of roots in different cultivars.

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Crop Culture and Nutrition, Genetic Breeding

Effect of Planting Density and Fertilization on Yield and Growth of Cassava

Huang Jie Wang Ping Xu Ruili Lu Xiaojing Zhang Zhenwen

2009, 30(9): 1271-1275.

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A split plot design was arranged in Hainan Island, China to observe the yield and growth of cassava cultivar ‘SC5’ under different planting densities and various amounts of fertilizers during the periods from 2004 to 2005. Fertilization produced larger effect on cassava yield and growth than the planting densities. Higher planting densities (0.6~0.8 m) were advantageous in improving starch yield, fresh root tuber yield and starch content of fresh tuber, with the density of 0.8 m being the best. Low planting density(1.2~1.4 m) increased harvest index, stem diameter, number of tubers, and fresh weight of leaf, stem and tubers per plant. Fertilization improved starch yield, fresh tuber yield, plant height, stem diameter, tuber number, fresh weight of leaf, stem and tuber per plant, but decreased starch content of fresh tuber
and harvest index. High yielding cultural practice should include plants per ha, fresh tuber weight per plant and starch content of fresh tuber. It is suggested that the low branching cassava cultivar ‘SC5’ be planted at a space of 0.6 m in poor soil with lower rate of fertilizer application, at 0.8 m in moderately fertile soil with higher fertilization rate, or at 1.0 m in fertile soil under very high water and fertilizer
management.

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Crop Culture and Nutrition, Genetic Breeding

Selection of New Eggplant F1 Hybrid ‘Nongfuchangqie

Li Zhenxing, Li Zhiliang, Sun Baojuan, Luo Shaobo

2009, 30(9): 1276-1279.

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Eggplant cultivar ‘Nongfuchangqie’ is a new F1 hybrid with the bacterial wilt resistant line‘Jiaolingcuchang’ as female parent, and the improved line 5804 of good quality and narrowly long fruit as male parent. This cultivar grows vigorously and produces long cylindrical fruits with purple skin, which are above 28 cm in length and 5.08 cm to 5.12 cm in diameter. The average fruit weight is 250 g. The fruit flesh is green-white, tender and of good quality. Inoculation test at the nursery showed it was moderately resistant to bacterial wilt, and the eggplant was found tolerant to heat, cold and drought in the field.

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Crop Culture and Nutrition, Genetic Breeding

Temporal-Spatial Variation of Soil Organic Matter and Total Nitrogen in Rubber Plantations in Yangjiang State Farm

Wang Bo, Zhang Peisong, Lin Qinghuo, Cha Zhengzao, Luo Wei

2009, 30(9): 1280-1285.

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The temporal-spatial variation of soil organic matter and total N content in rubber plantations in Yangjiang State Farm from 1983 to 2007 was studied by using geographical information system(GIS) and Geo-statistics. Results indicated that the contents of organic matter and total N in the soil decreased in more than 20 years, and that spatial variation of organic matter and total N content of the soil was reduced, with their contents tending to be reduced at a similar level and their spatial variation tending to be similar. These changes may mainly be due to production management and fertilizer application. At the same time, with the accumulation of impact from production management and fertilizer application and other human activities, the spatial variation of organic matter and total N contents of the soil was reduced and
tended to be homogeneous.

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Crop Culture and Nutrition, Genetic Breeding

Overall Assessment of Soil Nutrient Quality in Hainan Island

Zhang Dongming , Zhang Yongfa Qi Zhiping

2009, 30(9): 1286-1290.

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In order to effectively regulate and enrich the soil conditions for stable high -yield and a good understanding of changes of soil nutrients is necessitated. Geostatistics in combination of Geographical information system(GIS) was used for comprehensive evaluation of soil nutrient quality of Hainan Island in 1983 and 2007. The research result showed that the index weights of the soil nutrients in Hainan Island were 18.45%
for organic matter, 18.17% for available P, 22.14% for alkali hydrolysable N, 21.67% for available K and 19.58% for pH. The soil nutrient quality was classified with equal distance into 5 grades in Hainan Island in 1983 and 2007. Most of the area fell within Grade 3 of the soil nutrient quality in 1983, covering 15 169.9 square kilometers, and the smallest area within Grade 5, only accounting for 1.24% of the total area. The area of various grades of the soil nutrient quality is in the order of Grade 3>Grade 2>Grade 4>Grade 1>Grade 5. In 2007 the area mainly fell within Grades 2, 3 and 4, almost without Grades 1 and 5. The area at Grade 3 was the largest, covering 21 672.86 km2 or about 63.83 % of the total soil area in Hainan Island. From 1983 to 2007, the area
felling within different grades of the soil nutrient quality varied to some extent. The area under Grade 3 changed the most and the area under Grade 1 changed the least. The area under the other grades was in the order of Grade 2>Grade 4>Grade 1.

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Crop Culture and Nutrition, Genetic Breeding

Analysis and Assessment of Soil Chemical Fertility in Typical Black Pepper Gardens in Hainan

Yang Jianfeng, Xing Guying, Sun Yan, Wang Hua, Wu Huasong, Zheng Weiquan

2009, 30(9): 1291-1294.

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Top soil(0～20cm) samples collected from 30 gardens of Black Pepper(Piper nigrum) in Hainan Province were tested. The results showed that the soil pH of 50% soil samples was obviously lower(≤4.5); that soil organic matter of 13.33% soil samples was in low status; that total N and alkali hydrolysable N were abundant; that 23.33% and 30.00% of soil samples were deficient of available P and K respectively; that the soil samples were heavily deficient of available Ca, Mg and B but rich in available Fe, Zn and S;
and that 10.00% of the soil samples were deficient of available Mn and Cu.

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Crop Culture and Nutrition, Genetic Breeding

Effect of Nitrogen Fertigation on Acidification of Latosolic Red Soil

Deng Lansheng, Wang Liang, Tu Panfeng, Gong Lin, Li Zhonghua, Zhang Chenglin

2009, 30(9): 1295-1300.

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Different nitrogen fertilizers (ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate and urea) were applied to latosolic red soil in a pot experiment to investigate soil acidification processes under drip irrigation system. In the experiment 6 treatments were arranged with 4 replicates, and the soil acidification was compared between the treatment with maize planting and that without. The pH values of the soil at various layers were found to decrease and the exchangeable aluminum to increase after ammonium sulfate, ammonium
nitrate and urea were fertigated. The pH values of different soil layers below drippers were higher but the content of exchangeable aluminum lower in the maize planting treatment than those in the non -maize planting treatment. This suggests that planting maize could reduce acidification and content of exchangeable aluminum of latosolic red soil resulted from nitrogen fertigation.

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Crop Culture and Nutrition, Genetic Breeding

Analysis of Genetic Diversity of Major Accessions of Mango(Mangifera indica L.) in Guangxi Using SSR Markers

Wang Jingyi Wang Jiaobao Wu Yaoting Huang Guodi Zhou Jun'an Li Riwang

2009, 30(9): 1301-1307.

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A total of 14 SSRs were used to amplify 63 alleles from 48 major mango accessions available in Guangxi to analyze their genetic diversity and phylogeny. All the primers produced clear and strong expected amplifications. The number of putative alleles was 3 to 6 per locus with an average number of alleles (A) being 4.5 and an effective number of alleles (Ne) being 2.66. The polymorphism information content(PIC) per locus ranged between 0.192 9 and 0.686 3, averaging 0.533 7. The observed (Ho) and expected(He) heterozygosities averaged 0.424 1 and 0.594 3, respectively. Genetic similarity coefficients of all the accessions ranged from 0.455 9 to 0.941 2, averaging 0.705 3, with the minimum between mango‘ Guire 06 -3’ and ‘ Guire 06 -5’, and the maximum between ‘ Keitt’ and ‘ Red Keitt’ and between‘ Yuwenmang’ and ‘ Mitaomang’. UPGMA cluster analysis grouped the mango accessions to 5 groups according to their origin and their classification reflecting the pedigree of the cultivars. The clustering results showed that interspecific genetic relation of all the mango accessions was not related with the nucellar embryony (either monoembryonic or polyembryonic) and that most of the mango accessions in Guangxi were progenies of crosses and seedlings of cultivars Irwin, Okrong, Carabo and Neelum.

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Crop Culture and Nutrition, Genetic Breeding

Analysis of Genetic Diversity of Tremella fuciformis

Sun Shujing Lin Xiqiang Xie Baogui Liu Fang Hu Fangping

2009, 30(9): 1308-1313.

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The genetic diversity of yeast -like conidia from 14 Tremella fuciformis strains collected from different regions was analyzed using ISSR and RAPD markers. Forty bands were amplified by 4 ISSR primers and 2 RAPD primers. The number of polymorphic loci was 39; the percentage of polymorphic loci was 97.50%; observed number of alleles averaged 1.975 0; effective number of alleles averaged 1.393 1; the Nei’s gene diversity index was 0.227 0; and the Shannon diversity index was 0.355 9. The UPGMA dendrogram indicated there was no difference in spores among the cultivated strains at the DNA level, while there were differences in spores between cultivated and wild strains.

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Crop Culture and Nutrition, Genetic Breeding

Identification of Hevea brasiliensis Clones Based on SSR Markers

Xie Lili , Huang Huasun An Zewei Cheng Han , Hu Yanshi Zeng Xia

2009, 30(9): 1314-1319.

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In order to establish an effective method to identify rubber clones, 5 pairs of SSR primers with stable amplification profiles were used, and PCR products were detected by rapid silver-staining procedure in 6% denaturing polyacrylamide gels. A total of 16 bands were amplified, and each pair of primer produced 3.2 bands by average. The amplified fragments ranged from 148 bp to 342 bp, and there were only 1 or 2 different fragments among the clones, indicating that the genetic diversity is narrow. According
to the DNA fingerprints, 65 rubber clones could be identified. It is indicated that SSR is valuable for identification of rubber clones

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Biotechnology and Tissue Culture

Sequence Analysis of rDNA ITS from Several Hevea plants

Cheng Han, Zhang Yue, An Zewei, Huang Huasun

2009, 30(9): 1320-1324.

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Hevea plants of the family Euphorbiaceae are very similar in appearance. It is very difficult to distinguish the rubber tree cultivars in phenotype, and there is no obvious difference even between species of the genus Hevea. For the purpose to find out the genetic background of Hevea plants and the possibility to utilize the interspecific genetic resource, ITS fragments were cloned and sequenced from plants of 6 species of the genus Hevea. Sequence analysis showed a high similarity in ITS sequence among
these Hevea species, which varied only in several bases. The results indicated that these species had a N close genetic relationship, and they can be used for interspecific crossing. This might provide a theoretical support for rubber tree conventional cross breeding.

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Biotechnology and Tissue Culture

Somatic Embryogenesis and Plant Regeneration of Tillandsia cyanea

Fu Yunliu Xu Li Li Zhiying, Xin Caiyun Cong Hanqing

2009, 30(9): 1325-1329.

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Shoots of Tillandsia cyanea (A. Dietrich) E. Morren were used as explants and induced and cultured on mediums supplemented with exogenous hormones to observe their somatic embryogenesis and morphological characteristics. The results showed that 2,4 -D had significant effects on the formation of somatic embryogenic calli with an optimum concentration of 2,4-D of 2.0 mg/L. The embryogenic calli were developed into somatic embryos on MS added with ABA. Anatomical and morphological observations revealed that the somatic embryos were produced from both the epidermal cells and the inner cells of the explants. The somatic embryogenesis was similar to the zygotic embryogenesis, including globular embryo stage and cotyledonary embryo stage. The embryos were developed into plants through germination, shoot elongation and rooting

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Biotechnology and Tissue Culture

Construction of Plant Expression Vectors for Sense and Anti-sense Zinc Finger Proteins Gene of Sugarcane and

Yu Shizhou, Zhang Shuzhen Yang Benpeng Cai Wenwei Luo Zunxi, Gu Lihong

2009, 30(9): 1330-1336.

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According to the cDNA sequence of sugarcane zinc finger protein ShZP gene cloned in our
laboratory, specific primers were designed in which the restriction sites were within them and linked outside the open reading frame. Through PCR amplification methods, the cDNA segments of ShZP gene’s coding region 725 bp were forwardly and reversely inserted to the places between the Prd29A promoter and NOS terminator of the intermediate vector pCRBI. The sense plant expression vector pCRBIShZP and antisense plant expression vector pCRBIantiShZP were constructed. pCRBIShZP and pCRBIantiShZP were respectively introduced into Agrobacterium tumefaciems strains EHA105 through the freeze -thaw method and transformed into tobacco through agrobacterium-mediated transformation method. Twenty three resistant plants were obtained through 12 mg/L PPT successive screening. Among these plants, 3 transgenic sense gene tobacco plants and 4 transgenic antisense gene tobacco plants were confirmed by the specific fragment
PCR. The specific fragments were partial region of promoter and partial region of target gene. The results of PCR proved that the ShZP gene, which was exogenous zinc finger proteins gene, had been integrated into the tobacco genome. This study made a good foundation for plant stress resistant genetic engineering.

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Biotechnology and Tissue Culture

Molecular Cloning and Expression of the P5CS Gene from Sugarcane

Zhang Jisen, Chen Youqiang, Li Wei Que Youxiong Ye Binyin Chen Rukai Zhang Muqing

2009, 30(9): 1337-1344.

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Most plants synthesize and accumulate proline under osmotic stress. △1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase (P5CS) plays a key role for proline biosynthesis. The P5CS was obtained from sugarcane Saccharum officinarum L. through homology -based cloning and rapid amplification of cDNA ends(RACE). The full-length cDNA of P5CS termed as Sc-P5CS from sugarcane was 2 714 bp, containing a 2 148 bp open reading frame(ORF) that encoded a 715 amino acids protein, with a 226 bp UTR at the 5' end and a 340 bp UTR at the 3' end, and included 2 poly(A) signals at the 2 571st position. The molecular weight o Sc-P5CS was 77.7 ku, with a theoretical isoelectric point of 6.47. The alignment of the sequences showed that the P5CS genes from different species were not conserved in the leucine domain, but were highly conserved in the other functional domains such as the ATP binding site, Glu-5-kinase domain, NAD(P) H binding site and GSA-DH domain. The phylogenetic tree of the P5CS from 17 species was consistent with putative evolutionary relationships within these 17 species. The expression of the Sc-P5CS in roots, stalks and leaves of sugarcane seedling was analysed by Real-time PCR. The result indicated that the expression of the Sc -P5CS was very low in roots but normal in leaves and stems. This study provides theoretical basis of the molecular mechanism for Sc-P5CS regulation in sugarcane.

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Crop Pests, Diseases and Their Control, Environmental Protection

Prokaryotic Expression of NSP Gene of ‘Haikou’ Isolate of Banana Bunchy Top Virus

Feng Tuancheng, Wang Jianhua, Liu Zhixin

2009, 30(9): 1345-1350.

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The opening reading frame of NSP gene of banana bunchy top virus was cloned by polymerase chain reaction(PCR) using total DNA isolated from tender pseudostem and leaf of banana plant infected with the virus as a template, and directionally cloned to the downstream of 6 His tag by the Gateway technology. The construction of prokaryotic expressive vector, pDESTTM-17 -NSP have been identified by the colony PCR and sequencing, and transformed into E.coli BL21(DE3) . Transformants were cultured and
induced by IPTG, and then analyzed by SDS-PAGE and Western blot. The results showed that the fusion protein of approximately 20 ku was expressed steadily as an inclusion body and accorded with the predicted size. The expression of NSP gene was optimized under the conditions that the transformants were induced with 0.1 mmol/l IPTG at 25 ℃ for 4 hours. This result might provide a foundation for preparation of the polyclonal antibody against NSP and further functional study of NSP.

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Crop Pests, Diseases and Their Control, Environmental Protection

Establishment of Protoplast Transformation System for Corynespora cassiicola

Shi Tao, Pei Yueling, Liu Xianbao, Cai Jimiao, Lin Chunhua, Huang Guixiu

2009, 30(9): 1351-1358.

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Corynespora leaf fall disease caused by Corynespora cassiicola is a serious disease of rubber plantations worldwide, and has occurred in China recently. The hypha age, types and concentrations of cell wall -degrading enzymes, time and temperatures for digestion, and osmotic pressure stabilizers were determined to observe their effects on formation and regeneration of protoplasts of C. cassiicola. The protoplast transformation system mediated by polyethylene glycol (PEG) was established, and the green fluorescent protein(GFP) transformants was obtained. The regeneration rate of protoplasts was 19.12％, and the transformation rate was 10.34 protoplasts/μgDNA.

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Crop Pests, Diseases and Their Control, Environmental Protection

Pathogenic Identification of a Rice Disease in Hainan and Its Laboratory Test with Fungicides

Song Haichao, Shi Xuequn, Xiao Min, Ji Xuncong, Wang Qiongping

2009, 30(9): 1359-1363.

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A rice disease has occurred in recent years in Hainan with its symptoms similar to those of rice blast disease, and caused huge economic loss. The pathogen of the rice disease collected from different areas in Hainan was isolated. After inoculated with the isolates the young and adult plants of healthy rice showed the same symptoms as in the field. The morphological characteristics and th pathogenicity of these fungal isolates were studied. An ITS rDNA fragment of the fungi was amplified and the nucleotide sequences were tested and then analyzed using Megablast in GenBank. The results showed the pathogen was Curvularia lunata (Walker) Boedijn. Toxicity of 5 fungicides on mycelial growth of C. lunata was tested in laboratory. The results showed that Opal and Cabria could inhibit very well the mycelial growth of C. lunata.

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Crop Pests, Diseases and Their Control, Environmental Protection

Construction of Yeast Two-hybrid Vectors of P3, P7, P8, Pn9, Pn10, Pn11 and Pn12 of Rice Gall Dwarf Virus and Identification of Their

Wu Jianguo, Cai Lijun, Hu Meiqun, Xie Liyan, Lin Qiying, Wu Zujian, Xie Lianhui

2009, 30(9): 1364-1368.

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The rice gall dwarf virus (RGDV) gene segments S3, S7, S8, S9, S10, S11 and S12 were
subcloned into yeast expression vectors pGADT7 and pGBKT7 for their growth test assay. Results showed that the yeast strain AH109 transformed with pGBK-S10 could grow on medium lacking tryptophan(SD/-Trp) and histidine(SD/-His), but yeasts transformed with other recombinant plasmids could only grow on medium lacking tryptophan(SD/-Trp) or Leucine(SD/-Leu). α-galactosidase analysis showed that pGBK-S10 plasmid could grow on the SD/-Trp/X -a -Gal plate and become blue, but others could not. The αgalactosidase analysis strongly supported that RGDV Pn10 showed transcriptional activation in yeast, andthat RGDV Pn10 fused with GAL4 could activate the expression of report genes HIS3 and MEL1 in yeast.he results suggested that RGDV Pn10 might play an important role in regulation of virus and genome transcription for the benefit of virus infection.

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Agricultural Product Processing, Preservation, Storage, Analysis and Detection

In Vitro Antioxidant Activity of Virgin Coconut Oil

Li Rui, Xia Qiuyu, Zhao Songlin, Chen Hua, Chen Weijun

2009, 30(9): 1369-1373.

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Virgin coconut oil(VCO) was assessed in terms of in vitro antioxidant activity by analyzing its total polyphenol content and its abilities of scavenging DPPH radical and ABTS radical as well as its chelation of ferrous ions and its antioxidant activity against peanut oil. The results showed that the VCO contained(0.180±0.003) mg/mL of total polyphenol, had a scavenging rate of 31.95% against DPPH radical,lower than Trolox, BHT and gallic acid, and of 67.49 μmol/L Trolox equivalent(TEAC value) against ABTS radical, was better in chelating ferrous ions than Trolox and BHT but obviously poorer than the gallic acid, and showed some antioxidant activities against the peanut oil.

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Agricultural Product Processing, Preservation, Storage, Analysis and Detection

Detection of Fibre Content in Edible Wild Vegetables

Su Bingxia, Zhou Cong, Ye Haihui, Xie Yi

2009, 30(9): 1374-1377.

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The crude fiber and insoluble dietary fiber in 8 edible wild vegetables in Hainan were
determined by using the improved and simplified methods of GB/T 5009.88 2003(Deter mination of insoluble dietary fiber in foods) and GB/T 5009.10 -2003 (Determination of crude fiber in vegetable foods). Determinations showed that the pretreatment with petroleum ether or α-amylase did not have much effect on the fat and starch in vegetables but had little neglectable effect on the determination results. The 8
vegetables contained 1.5% ~ 4.9% of insoluble dietary fiber and 0.7% ~ 1.8% of crude fibre. The determination results are accurate and reliable, which can be used as a reliable method for determination of dietary fibre

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Agricultural Product Processing, Preservation, Storage, Analysis and Detection

Determination of Cadmium Content in Sauropus androgynus L. Merr Cultivated in Hainan and Its Quality Safety Risk Assessment

Zhou Cong, Luo Jinhui, Li Jianguo, Peng Lixu, Han Bingjun

2009, 30(9): 1378-1382.

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Samples of Sauropus androgynus L. Merr were collected from some cities and counties of Hainan, and their cadmium content was determined with Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry. Determination showed that the cadmium content in 25 samples of S. androgynus L. Merr was less than 0.2 mg·kg-1 which is the maximum level for contaminants in foods stated in the state standard(GB2762-2005) . Among them, 5 samples
had a cadmium content of less than 0.05 mg·kg -1 which is the safety standard for pollution -free vegetable ( GB18406.1 -2001). On the basis of the relevant national standards and abundant domestic and international literature data and reports, the quality safety risk assessment was carried out in four steps: hazard identification,
hazard description, exposure assessment, and risk description. The assessment result is that the quality safety risk of cadmium in S. androgynus L. Merr cultivated in Hainan is very low and far from posing any harm to health of human body.

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Reviews

Advances in JAZ Protein Family Mediating JA Signal Pathway

Huang Wenfeng, Wang Lifeng Tian Weimin

2009, 30(9): 1383-1387.

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Jasmonates play important roles in regulating responses of plants to stresses, and plant growth and development. Twelve members of JASMONATE ZIM -DOMAIN (JAZ) proteins, repressors of the transcription of jasmonate -responsive genes, have recently been isolated and characterized in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, which is a great progress in the molecular mechanism for jasmonate signaling in plant kingdom. JAZ proteins are key linkers between COI1 and the jasmonate -responsive genes at the
downstream of jasmonate signaling, and the interaction of COI1-JAZ proteins leads to the discovery of an endogenous bioactive jasmonate and its receptor. A review was made of the structural properties of JAZ protein family, the interactions among different members of JAZ proteins and between JAZ proteins and MYC transcriptional factors, especially the MYC2, and the role of JAZ proteins in the regulation of jasmonate -responsive genes at transcriptional level as well as the putative role of JAZ proteins in the regulation of natural rubber biosynthesis in rubber tree.

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