1 材料与方法
1.1 材料
1.2 方法
1.3 数据处理
2 结果与分析
2.1 不同杀青工艺对机采绿茶感官品质的影响
表1 不同杀青工艺所制机采绿茶的感官品质Tab. 1 Results of different fixation methods on sensory quality of green tea harvested by machines |
| 处理Treatment | 总分Total score | 外形Shape | 汤色Liquor colour | 香气Aroma | 滋味Taste | 叶底Infused leaf |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 微波杀青 | 88.3 | 嫩度较好,绿88 | 绿、亮90 | 纯正88 | 醇厚88 | 嫩尚匀、亮89 |
| 汽热杀青 | 87.3 | 嫩度较好,尚绿87 | 绿尚亮88 | 尚纯87 | 尚醇厚87 | 嫩尚匀、亮89 |
| 电热滚筒 | 85.8 | 嫩度较好,尚绿87 | 绿尚亮87 | 尚纯85 | 尚醇厚85 | 嫩尚匀87 |
| 电磁滚筒 | 89.0 | 嫩度较好,绿88 | 绿明亮92 | 栗香89 | 醇厚89 | 嫩尚匀88 |
表2 不同杀青工艺所制机采绿茶的色泽品质Tab. 2 Results of different fixation methods on colour of green tea harvested by machines |
| 处理 Treatment | 干茶Tea colour | 茶汤Liquor colour | 叶底Infused leaf colour | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 亮度L | 色相值a/b | 亮度L | 色相值a/b | 亮度L | 色相值a/b | |
| 微波杀青 | 27.77±0.08Aab | 0.08±0.00Bb | 97.45±0.01Bb | -0.21±0.00Cc | 34.06±1.01Aa | 0.06±0.00Cc |
| 汽热杀青 | 29.25±0.76Aa | 0.12±0.00Aa | 96.84±0.05Cc | -0.20±0.00Bb | 34.46±0.73Aa | 0.06±0.00Cc |
| 电热滚筒 | 26.40±0.95Ab | 0.09±0.00Cc | 97.47±0.02Bb | -0.17±0.00Aa | 28.14±0.76Bc | 0.14±0.00Aa |
| 电磁滚筒 | 28.62±2.02Aab | 0.07±0.00Dd | 98.22±0.02Aa | -0.20±0.00Bb | 31.51±1.75Ab | 0.09±0.00Bb |
Note: In the same column, different lowercase letters represent significant difference at 0.05 level, and different capital letters represent extremely significant difference at 0.01 level. | |
注:同列不同小写字母表示在0.05水平差异显著,不同大写字母表示在0.01水平差异极显著。 |
2.2 不同杀青工艺对机采绿茶理化成分的影响
表3 不同杀青工艺所制机采绿茶的理化成分Tab. 3 Results of different fixation methods on components of green tea harvested by machines |
| 处理 Treatment | 酚氨比 The ratio of polyphenols to amino acids | 非酯型儿茶素 Non-ester catechin/% | 酯型儿茶素 Ester-catechin/% | 儿茶素总量 Total catechin/% |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 微波杀青 | 10.71±0.10Bb | 2.81±0.01Aa | 8.48±0.02Aa | 11.27±0.02Aa |
| 汽热杀青 | 11.76±0.12Aa | 2.47±0.02Cc | 8.16±0.01Bb | 10.62±0.02Bb |
| 电热滚筒 | 10.12±0.31Bc | 2.67±0.01Bb | 7.54±0.02Cc | 10.21±0.01Cc |
| 电磁滚筒 | 10.14±0.27Bc | 2.36±0.01Dd | 7.43±0.01Dd | 9.80±0.01Dd |
Note: In the same column, different lowercase letters represent significant difference at 0.05 level, and different capital letters represent extremely significant difference at 0.01 level. | |
注:同列不同小写字母表示在0.05水平差异显著,不同大写字母表示在0.01水平差异极显著。 |
2.3 不同杀青工艺对机采绿茶香气成分的影响
表4 不同杀青工艺所制机采绿茶的香气组成Tab. 4 Results of different fixation methods on aroma composition of green tea harvested by machines |
| 处理 Treatment | 组分数量 Number of components | 醛类 Aldehydes/% | 酮类 Ketones/% | 醇类 Alcohols/% | 酯类 Esters/% | 烯类 Alkenes/% | 芳香族类 Aromatic/% | 杂环类Heterocyclic/% |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 微波杀青 | 40 | 34.01 | 9.47 | 20.63 | 8.62 | 11.02 | 9.56 | 6.70 |
| 汽热杀青 | 50 | 39.35 | 9.12 | 24.65 | 3.92 | 10.77 | 7.63 | 4.42 |
| 电热滚筒 | 53 | 36.67 | 12.59 | 25.12 | 3.83 | 8.87 | 6.45 | 6.43 |
| 电磁滚筒 | 53 | 35.64 | 12.34 | 28.63 | 3.42 | 4.20 | 8.75 | 7.01 |
表5 不同杀青工艺所制机采绿茶的主要香气成分Tab. 5 Results of different fixation methods on aroma contents of green tea harvested by machines |
| 类别 Category | 香气组分 Aroma components | 香气类型 Aroma types | 香气组分含量The content of aroma components/(μg·L-1) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 微波杀青 Microwave fixation | 汽热杀青 Steam-hot air fixation | 电热滚筒 Electric heating roller fixation | 电磁滚筒 Electromagnetic fixation | ||||
| 醛类 | 3-甲基丁醛 | 果香 | 0.030 | 0.013 | 0.016 | 0.019 | |
| 2-甲基丁醛 | 果香、甜香 | — | — | 0.134 | — | ||
| 己醛 | 青草味 | 0.364 | 0.451 | 0.054 | 0.092 | ||
| 反-2-己烯醛(青叶醛) | 青草味 | 0.102 | 0.125 | 0.095 | 0.075 | ||
| 苯甲醛 | 甜香 | — | 0.399 | 0.132 | 0.138 | ||
| 反,反-2,4-庚二烯醛 | 苦杏仁味 | — | 0.069 | 0.169 | 0.198 | ||
| 2,6-二甲基-5-庚烯醛 | — | — | 0.082 | 0.036 | 0.200 | ||
| 苯乙醛 | 花香 | 0.052 | 0.086 | 0.389 | 0.224 | ||
| 2-辛烯-1-醛 | 0.614 | 0.397 | 0.321 | 0.338 | |||
| 壬醛 | 玫瑰花香 | 1.582 | 1.814 | 1.511 | 1.586 | ||
| 反式-2-壬烯醛 | 玫瑰花香 | — | — | 0.020 | 0.021 | ||
| 藏红花醛 | 木香 | — | — | 0.237 | 0.249 | ||
| 癸醛 | 花果香 | 0.251 | 0.373 | 0.310 | 0.325 | ||
| β-环柠檬醛 | 柠檬香 | 0.150 | 0.265 | 0.630 | 0.661 | ||
| 庚醛 | 青草味 | 0.174 | 0.066 | 0.192 | 0.282 | ||
| 3,7-二甲基-2,6-二辛烯醛 | — | — | — | 0.082 | 0.086 | ||
| 顺-4-庚烯醛 | — | 0.212 | 0.160 | — | — | ||
| 十一醛 | — | 0.020 | 0.014 | — | — | ||
| 戊醛 | — | 0.051 | 0.050 | — | — | ||
| 酮类 | 6-甲基-5-庚烯-2-酮 | — | 0.070 | 0.084 | 0.149 | 0.175 | |
| 香叶基丙酮 | 木香、果香 | 0.354 | 0.290 | 0.465 | 0.488 | ||
| α-紫罗酮 | 紫罗兰香 | 0.105 | 0.111 | — | — | ||
| β-紫罗酮 | 木香、果香 | 0.431 | 0.495 | 1.358 | 1.426 | ||
| 1-戊烯-3-酮 | — | — | — | 0.009 | 0.193 | ||
| 3-己烯-1-醇 | — | 0.503 | 0.511 | 0.035 | — | ||
| 苯甲醇 | — | 0.068 | 0.065 | 0.031 | 0.375 | ||
| 反式-2-辛烯醇 | — | 0.222 | 0.201 | 0.647 | 0.678 | ||
| 芳樟醇 | 铃兰花香 | 0.441 | 0.484 | 1.382 | 1.451 | ||
| 醇类 | 苯乙醇 | 甜香 | — | — | 0.100 | 0.105 | |
| 反式-橙花叔醇 | 果香、花香 | 0.359 | 0.379 | 0.632 | 0.663 | ||
| α-雪松醇 | — | 0.979 | 0.902 | 0.784 | 0.823 | ||
| 庚醇 | — | — | — | 0.017 | 0.025 | ||
| 顺-氧化芳樟醇 | 花香 | 0.244 | 0.195 | — | — | ||
| 类别 Category | 香气组分 Aroma components | 香气类型 Aroma types | 香气组分含量Content of aroma components/( μg·L-1) | ||||
| 微波杀青 Microwave fixation | 汽热杀青 Steam-hot air fixation | 电热滚筒 Electric heating roller fixation | 电磁滚筒 Electromagnetic fixation | ||||
| 酯类 | 水杨酸甲酯 | 甜香、草药香 | 0.085 | 0.095 | 0.207 | 0.217 | |
| 顺-3-己烯异戊酸酯 | 花果香 | — | 0.021 | 0.304 | 0.312 | ||
| 反-丁酸-3-己烯酯 | 果香 | 0.448 | 0.122 | 0.092 | 0.097 | ||
| 顺式-己酸3-己烯酯 | 果香 | 0.175 | 0.155 | 0.289 | 0.319 | ||
| 己酸己酯 | 豆香 | — | 0.028 | — | — | ||
| 苯甲酸-2-乙基己酯 | — | 0.166 | — | — | |||
| α-荜澄茄油烯 | 花果香 | 0.042 | 0.045 | 0.089 | 0.094 | ||
| 柠檬烯 | 柠檬香 | 0.136 | 0.164 | 0.198 | 0.263 | ||
| 苯乙烯 | 特殊香气 | 0.226 | 0.220 | 0.014 | 0.012 | ||
| 烯类 | 石竹烯氧化物 | 花香 | 0.102 | 0.246 | 0.329 | 0.345 | |
| 长叶烯 | 松节油 | 0.269 | 0.234 | — | — | ||
| α-柏木烯 | 木香 | 0.062 | 0.065 | — | — | ||
| δ-杜松烯 | 木香 | 0.279 | 0.045 | 0.052 | 0.055 | ||
| 二甲硫 | 清香,茶香 | 0.056 | 0.037 | 0.148 | 0.088 | ||
| 其他 | 2-甲基呋喃 | 烘炒香 | — | — | 0.009 | 0.018 | |
| 1-乙基吡咯 | 烘炒香 | 0.200 | 0.229 | 0.633 | 0.958 | ||
| 吲哚 | 花香 | 0.190 | 0.210 | 0.058 | 0.061 | ||
| 十四烷 | — | 0.230 | — | 0.163 | 0.172 | ||
Note: “-”means not detected. | |
注:“—”表示未检测出。 |
