1 材料与方法
1.1 材料
1.2 方法
表1 因素水平编码表Tab. 1 Coded of factors and levels |
| 水平 Levels | 因素 Factors | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| TW-60/PEG-40质量比 (A) Mass ratio of TW-60 to PEG-40 | PEG400/坚果油质量比 (B) Mass ratio of PEG400 to oil | 温度(C) Temperature /℃ | |
| -1 | 1∶1 | 2∶1 | 45 |
| 0 | 3∶1 | 3∶1 | 60 |
| 1 | 5∶1 | 4∶1 | 75 |
1.3 数据处理
2 结果与分析
2.1 微乳配方初选结果
表2 表面活性剂初选结果Tab. 2 Primary results of surfactants |
| 表面活性剂 Surfactants | DR(质量比) DR (mass ratio) | 外观 Exterior | 是否成乳 Emulsion Yes/No |
|---|---|---|---|
| PGPR | - | 分层,上层浅黄色,下层半透明 | 否 |
| SP-80 | - | 不透明淡黄色乳液 | 否 |
| TW-20 | - | 不透明白色乳液 | 否 |
| TW-60 | 7∶3 | 淡黄色,澄清透明 | 是 |
| TW-80 | 8∶2 | 浅黄色,澄清透明 | 是 |
| PEG-40 | 6∶4 | 无色透明,流动性略差 | 是 |
2.2 单因素试验结果
2.3 响应面试验及结果分析
表3 Box-Behnken设计方案及响应值Tab. 3 Experimental design and response values for Box-Behnken |
| Numbers | A | B | C | SME/% |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 0 | -1 | 1 | 7.96 |
| 2 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 12.47 |
| 3 | -1 | 0 | 1 | 11.87 |
| 4 | -1 | 1 | 0 | 12.02 |
| 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 13.37 |
| 6 | -1 | 0 | -1 | 9.88 |
| 7 | -1 | -1 | 0 | 5.70 |
| 8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 12.76 |
| 9 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 12.55 |
| 10 | 0 | 1 | -1 | 11.02 |
| 11 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 8.71 |
| 12 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 11.13 |
| 13 | 1 | -1 | 0 | 7.10 |
| 14 | 0 | -1 | -1 | 6.49 |
| 15 | 1 | 0 | -1 | 7.16 |
| 16 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 13.93 |
| 17 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 13.34 |
表4 回归方程方差分析结果Tab. 4 Analysis of variance for the regression equation |
| 方差来源 Sources of variation | 平方和 Sum of squares | 自由度 Degree of freedom | 均方 Mean square | F值 F-values | p值 p-values | 显著性 Significance |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 模型Model | 111.34 | 9 | 12.37 | 13.23 | 0.0013 | ** |
| A | 3.61 | 1 | 3.61 | 3.86 | 0.0900 | |
| B | 46.99 | 1 | 46.99 | 50.25 | 0.0002 | ** |
| C | 5.19 | 1 | 5.19 | 5.55 | 0.0506 | |
| AB | 1.31 | 1 | 1.31 | 1.40 | 0.2760 | |
| AC | 0.05 | 1 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.8251 | |
| BC | 4.63×10-5 | 1 | 4.63×10-5 | 4.95×10-5 | 0.9946 | |
| A2 | 19.36 | 1 | 19.36 | 20.70 | 0.0026 | ** |
| B2 | 17.86 | 1 | 17.86 | 19.10 | 0.0033 | ** |
| C2 | 11.36 | 1 | 11.36 | 12.15 | 0.0102 | * |
| 残差Residual | 6.55 | 7 | 0.94 | 6.55 | ||
| 失拟项Lack of fit | 5.34 | 3 | 1.78 | 5.89 | 0.0598 | |
| 纯误差Pure Error | 1.21 | 4 | 0.30 | |||
| 总和Total sum | 117.89 | 16 |
Note: * stands for significant (p < 0.05); ** stands for extremely significant (p<0.01). R2=0.9445,R2Adj=0.8731. | |
注:*代表显著(p<0.05);**代表极显著(p<0.01)。R2=0.9445,R2Adj=0.8731。 |
2.4 微乳类型鉴定结果
2.5 坚果油微乳的粒径分布及稀释、贮藏稳定性
表5 稀释、储藏过程中微乳粒径及PDI值的变化Tab. 5 Changes in particle size of microemulsions in the process of diluting and storage (n=3) |
| 样品 Samples | 条件设置 Condition setting | 微乳粒径 Particle size (d)/nm | PDI |
|---|---|---|---|
| 样品一 Sample 1 | — | 15.23±0.08a | 0.276±0.023a |
| 稀释倍数 Dilution rate | 10 | 14.87±0.13b | 0.266±0.038a |
| 100 | 16.31±0.15c | 0.296±0.021b | |
| 储藏时间 Storage time | 5d | 15.97±0.21b | 0.253±0.017b |
| 60d | 16.63±0.37c | 0.233±0.051c | |
| 样品二 Sample 2 | — | 16.56±0.09a | 0.261±0.018a |
| 稀释倍数 Dilution rate | 10 | 16.93±0.24b | 0.286±0.029b |
| 100 | 17.73±0.19c | 0.259±0.028a | |
| 储藏时间 Storage time | 10d | 16.87±0.17b | 0.253±0.036a |
| 100d | 17.23±0.23c | 0.246±0.015b |
Note: Different lowercase letters in the same column indicate significant differences (p <0.05). | |
注:同列不同小写字母表示差异显著(p<0.05)。 |
