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2022 , Vol. 43 >Issue 8: 1663 - 1670

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2022.08.016

Plant Protection & Bio-safety

Effects of Five Commonly Used Insecticides on Chelonus formosanus

  • YU Zirong 1, 2 ,
  • LIN Zhufeng 2 ,
  • JIA Jingjing 2 ,
  • QIN Shuang 2 ,
  • JI Xuncong , 2, *
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  • 1. College of Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
  • 2. Institute of Plant Protection, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Research Center of Quality Safety and Standards for Agricultural Products, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Key Laboratory of Plant Disease and Pest Control of Hainan Province, Haikou, Hainan 571100, China
*JI Xuncong,E-mail： 。

Received date: 2021-10-26

  Revised date: 2022-03-04

  Online published: 2022-09-09

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Abstract

The fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda, first invaded in Yunnan, China, in January 2019, is a notorious agricultural pestinsects. It is characterized by fast migration, broad host range, high reproductive capacity, strong damage ability, and wide adaptability. It seriously threatens the development of China's corn industry due to its establishment in China. It is first found on maize in Haikou in April, and poses a serious threat to the production of fresh eating maize. Chelonus formosanus of Chelonus Panzer was recorded in Hainan Island, China. C. formosanus is an egg-larval intertemporal parasitic wasp and mainly parasitizes Lepidoptera pests including S. frugiperda, it's highest parasitism rate to the eggs of Spodoptera indoor is 100%. To evaluate the effects of commonly used insecticides for the control of S. frugiperda on C. formosanus, the effects of the recommended concentrations of 200 g/L chlorantraniliprole SC, 30% indoxacarb EC, 5% amectin benzoate ME, 10% chlorfenapyr SC and 5.7% cyhalothrin EW 5 were studied. The performances included the mortality rate, parasitic rate, life span and pupal eclosion and were determined by the residual film and foliar spray under indoor conditions. The results showed that the order of LR50 of the adult parasitoids treated by the five pesticides as flows: chlorantraniliprole > indoxacarb > cyhalothrin > chlorfenapyr > amectin benzoate. Chlorantraniliprole had a higher risk for adult C. formosanus (HQ=1.55), HQ of other agents was less than 1, and the risk was low. After spraying the pupa, amectin benzoate 80 mg/L treatment had no significant effect on the emergence rate. The emergence rate of chlorfenapyr 1000 mg/L was the lowest (63.33%). Chlorantraniliprole 60 mg/L treatment significantly reduced the adult life after pupa eclosion, but indoxacarb 180 mg/L, amectin benzoate 80 mg/L and 90 mg/L treatment had no significant effect. The parasitism rate of adult parasitoids decreased by 5.50% and 4.98% respectively under the treatment of indoxacarb 180 mg/L and chlorfenapyr 1000 mg/L, and the difference of other insecticides was not significant. According to the experimental results of this paper, at the recommended concentration, 5% amectin benzoate ME, 30% indoxacarb EC and 10% chlorfenapyr SC in the right concentration can be combined with the biological control of C. formosanus against S. frugiperda. The effects of different types of insecticides on C. formosanus were evaluated by mortality, eclosion rates, life span and parasitism rate of adult C. formosanus, which would provide a theoretical basis for the use of C. formosanus for the comprehensive control of S. frugiperda and the coordination of biological and chemical control.

Key words： Chelonus formosanus; Spodoptera frugiperda; insecticide

Cite this article

YU Zirong , LIN Zhufeng , JIA Jingjing , QIN Shuang , JI Xuncong . Effects of Five Commonly Used Insecticides on Chelonus formosanus[J]. Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, 2022 , 43(8) : 1663 -1670 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2022.08.016

台湾甲腹茧蜂（Chelonus formosanus）属膜翅目（Hymenoptera）、茧蜂科（Braconidae）、甲腹茧蜂属（Chelonus Panzer）,是卵-幼虫跨期寄生蜂,分布于我国台湾、广东（深圳）、浙江和海南等地,主要寄生鳞翅目害虫,寄主有草地贪夜蛾（Spodoptera frugiperda）、甜菜夜蛾（Spodoptera exigua）、斜纹夜蛾（Spodoptera litura）、棉铃虫（Helicoverpa armigera）和劳氏黏虫（Mythimna loreyi）等[1]。目前,本课题组已初步观察了台湾甲腹茧蜂对草地贪夜蛾卵的寄生能力,发现其对草地贪夜蛾卵的室内寄生率最高可达100%（尚未发表）,有关杀虫剂对该寄生蜂的影响尚未报道。
草地贪夜蛾（Spodoptera frugiperda）,也称秋黏虫,属鳞翅目（Lepidoptera）、夜蛾科（Noctuidae）[2-3],具有繁殖力强、适应性广、暴发性为害、扩散蔓延迅速等特点。草地贪夜蛾于2019年1月入侵我国云南西部地区[4],截止到2020年7月,我国共有21个省发现草地贪夜蛾幼虫,危害面积达65.53×104 hm2[5],在玉米、甘蔗、高粱等作物上发生为害,已成为严重威胁我国农业生产的重大害虫。
目前草地贪夜蛾的防治仍主要依赖化学农药[6],开展高质量综合防治有利于降低化学农药用量,减少环境污染。而化学防治与生物防治协同作用时,化学农药对寄生蜂等非靶标生物可能产生不利影响,影响生物防治中天敌的控害效能。本文结合《农业农村部办公厅关于做好草地贪夜蛾应急防治用药有关工作的通知》[7]公布的草地贪夜蛾应急防治用药和目前玉米作物中防治鳞翅目害虫的常见杀虫剂,选用5种不同类型的杀虫剂,研究其对台湾甲腹茧蜂成虫室内杀虫活性、蛹的羽化率、处理蛹后成虫寿命和寄生率的影响,为草地贪夜蛾的化学与生物协同防治中药剂的选择提供依据,并为进一步利用台湾甲腹茧蜂防治草地贪夜蛾打下基础。

1 材料与方法

1.1 材料

1.1.1 供试昆虫

台湾甲腹茧蜂采自海口市秀英区道育村玉米害虫草地贪夜蛾幼虫,在实验室用草地贪夜蛾已连续饲养20代以上,温度(28±1)℃,相对湿度70%±5%,光周期L∶D=16∶8的条件下饲养。
草地贪夜蛾采自海口市秀英区石山镇石岩村玉米地,在实验室用玉米叶已连续饲养20代以上,温度(28±1)℃,相对湿度70%±5%,光周期L∶D=16∶8的条件下饲养。

1.1.2 供试药剂

供试杀虫剂、生产厂家及推荐使用的最高和最低浓度见表1。
表1 本试验所用杀虫剂及浓度

Tab. 1 Insecticides and concentration used in the test

序号
No.		 杀虫剂
Insecticide		 生产厂家
Manufacturer		 浓度
Concentration /(mg·mL-1)		 有效含量
Available content /(mg·cm-2)
1 200 g/L氯虫苯甲酰胺SC 美国富美实公司 60 0.09
2 300 0.45
3 30%茚虫威EC 海南博士威农用化学有限公司 80 0.00018
4 180 0.00041
5 5%甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐ME 惠州市银农科技股份有限公司 80 0.000015
6 90 0.000017
7 10%虫螨腈SC 巴斯夫植物植物保护有限公司 660 0.0005
8 1000 0.00075
9 5.7%氯氟氰菊酯EW 东莞市瑞德丰生物科技有限公司 400 0.003
10 600 0.0045
11 清水

1.2 方法

1.2.1 5种杀虫剂对台湾甲腹茧蜂成蜂的室内杀虫活性测定

根据GB/T 31270.17—2014[8]和《农药生物活性测试标准操作规范》[9]设计药膜法,在指型管（外径20 mm×长150 mm）中加入0.2 mL供试药剂溶液或悬浊液,药剂浓度设置5个等比梯度浓度,并设置田间推荐剂量浓度（表1）,将指型管旋转至药液充分均匀干燥在管内形成药膜。在每个指型管中接入初羽化1 d的雌成蜂20头,管口用纱网密封。供试蜂在药膜管中爬行1 h后转入无药指型管中,同时用脱脂棉沾取5%的蜂蜜水贴于管壁上补充营养,用清水设置空白对照组（饲养条件：28℃,相对湿度75%,光周期L∶D=16∶8）。4、8、12、24、48 h后检查记录死亡蜂形态特征并计算死亡率,以触角和足不动判断成蜂死亡。每个处理3个重复,每个重复20头蜂。

1.2.2 5种杀虫剂对台湾甲腹茧蜂蛹羽化率及成虫寿命的影响

待台湾甲腹茧蜂幼虫发育至蛹期,选取外表完整、大小一致、颜色相同的蛹,用毛笔挑到直径90 mm培养皿上,每个培养皿中放入10个台湾甲腹茧蜂蛹。喷雾处理后放入养虫盒中,饲养条件：28℃,相对湿度75%,光周期L∶D=16∶8,观察记录寄生蜂羽化情况及其寿命。将羽化的台湾甲腹茧蜂用指形管（外径20 mm×长150 mm）收集,单头饲养,用脱脂棉沾取5%的蜂蜜水贴于管壁上补充营养,每天定时观察记录成蜂的死亡情况。试验以清水处理为对照,重复30次,每个重复10头虫。

1.2.3 5种杀虫剂对台湾甲腹茧蜂寄生率的影响

根据杀虫剂对成虫和蛹的试验结果,选择30%茚虫威EC 80、180 mg/L,5%甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐ME 80、90 mg/L,10%虫螨腈SC 660、1000 mg/L作为供试药剂和浓度。采用药膜法,方法同1.2.1,转入无药指型管后,放入600粒草地贪夜蛾卵供其寄生（寄生条件：28℃,相对湿度75%,光周期L∶D=16∶8),寄生24 h后取出卵块,放于养虫盒内,用玉米叶饲养至5龄后解剖寄主,计算寄生率。试验重复6次,每个重复5头蜂。

1.3 数据处理

采用SPSS软件进行试验数据的统计与分析,毒力回归曲线将农药浓度以10为底的对数（Log10C）变换后采用Probit模型分析,并计算各杀虫剂对台湾甲腹茧蜂的半数致死用量（LR50）及评估杀虫剂对非靶标生物的潜在风险系数（hazard quotient, HQ）[10],若HQ>1,表示该杀虫剂对非靶标生物存在潜在风险,反之则认为潜在风险性较小,HQ值越高,化学农药对非靶标生物的潜在风险性越高[11]。采用LSD事后比较进行显著性分析（P=0.05）。相关参数按下列公式计算,计算结果均保留到小数点后两位数：
$风险系数 (H Q)=\frac{\text { 田间最大推荐剂量 }}{\mathrm{LR}_{50}} $
$校正死亡率 = \frac{\text { 处理死亡率 - 空白对照死亡率 }}{1-\text { 空白对照死亡率 }} \times 100 \% $
$寄生率 = \frac{被寄生草地贪夜蛾数量}{被寄生草地贪夜蛾数量 + 末被寄生草地贪夜蛾数量} \times 100 \% $

2 结果与分析

2.1 5种杀虫剂对台湾甲腹茧蜂成虫的室内杀虫活性测定

台湾甲腹茧蜂成蜂用5种杀虫剂药膜处理1 h后,死亡情况见表2和表3。5种杀虫剂药后24 h对台湾甲腹茧蜂成蜂的LR50排序为：200 g/L氯虫苯甲酰胺SC>30%茚虫威EC>5.7%氯氟氰菊酯EW>10%虫螨腈SC>5%甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐ME,200 g/L氯虫苯甲酰胺SC HQ>1,对台湾甲腹茧蜂存在潜在风险,其余药剂均为HQ<1,潜在风险较小。其中,5%甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐ME的LR50最小为3.0×10-5 mg/cm2,表明其对台湾甲腹茧蜂的杀虫活性最高,200 g/L氯虫苯甲酰胺SC的LR50最大为2.9×10-1 mg/cm2,对台湾甲腹茧蜂的杀虫活性最低。本研究中,所有回归方程卡方测验χ2<7.81,P>0.05,符合几率值模型,R²>0.95,拟合度较好。如表3所示,随着成蜂触药时间增加,死亡率升高。在药剂推荐浓度下,200 g/L氯虫苯甲酰胺SC和5.7%氯氟氰菊酯EW对成蜂杀虫活性较高,成蜂触药20 min后均表现中毒症状,瘫痪不可爬行,仅触角和足部微弱抖动,48 h后,成蜂的校正死亡率为23.33%~ 63.33%,显著高于对照（P<0.05）。30%茚虫威EC、5%甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐ME和10%虫螨腈SC所有浓度处理48 h后成蜂死亡率均较低,与对照均无显著差异（P>0.05）,对成蜂的活性较低。
表2 5种杀虫剂对台湾甲腹茧蜂的室内杀虫活性

Tab. 2 Toxicity of five insecticides to C. formosanus

杀虫剂
Insecticide		 回归方程
Toxicity regression equation		 斜率±SE
Slope±SE		 LR50
/(mg•cm-2)		 95%置信区间
95% CL/(mg•cm-2)		 决定系数R² 卡方值χ² 自由度df
200 g/L氯虫苯甲酰胺SC y=1.57x-0.85 1.57±0.85 2.9×10-1 0.21~0.50 0.97 0.39 3
30%茚虫威EC y=0.54x+0.74 0.54±0.23 4.1×10-2 0.015~0.260 0.99 0.36 3
5%甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐ME y=4.86x+21.92 4.86±3.37 3.0×10-5 0.000 025~0.000 080 0.98 0.25 3
10%虫螨腈SC y=2.05x+5.27 2.05±0.99 2.7×10-3 0.0020~0.0057 0.97 0.63 3
5.7%氯氟氰菊酯EW y=1.23x+2.77 1.23±0.85 5.5×10-3 0.0037~0.0230 0.98 0.16 3
表3 5种杀虫剂田间推荐浓度对台湾甲腹茧蜂存活的影响

Tab. 3 Effect of recommended concentration of five insecticides in the field on the survival of C. formosanus

杀虫剂
Insecticide		 浓度
Concentration/(mg·mL-1)		 校正死亡率Corrected mortality/% 风险系数
HQ
12 h 24 h 48 h
200 g/L氯虫苯甲酰胺SC 60 3.33±0.58b 10.00±1.00ab 23.33±1.15cd 1.55
300 13.33±0.58a 20.00±1.00a 63.33±0.58a
30%茚虫威EC 80 0.00b 3.33±0.57b 10.00±0.58de 0.01
180 0.00b 10.00±1.00ab 13.33±1.00de
5%甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐ME 80 0.00b 0.00b 6.67±0.58de 0.57
90 0.00b 0.00±0.00b 10.00±1.00de
10%虫螨腈SC 660 3.33±0.58b 3.33±0.58b 13.33±1.53de 0.28
1000 3.33±0.58b 3.33±0.58b 16.67±1.15de
5.7%氯氟氰菊酯EW 400 0.00b 0.00b 36.67±1.15bc 0.82
600 0.00b 3.33±0.58b 43.33±0.58b
CK 0.00b 0.00b 0.00e

注：同列不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著（P<0.05）。

Note: Different lowercase letters in the same column indicate significant difference between treatments (P<0.05).

2.2 5种杀虫剂对台湾甲腹茧蜂羽化率的影响

5种常用药剂喷雾法处理后,台湾甲腹茧蜂蛹羽化率均低于对照组（91.53%）,其中,5%甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐ME 80 mg/L处理（编号5）的羽化率最高为90.00%,与对照组无显著差异（P>0.05）;200 g/L氯虫苯甲酰胺SC 300 mg/L（编号2）、30%茚虫威EC 180 mg/L（编号4）、10%虫螨腈SC 1000 mg/L（编号8）、5.7%氯氟氰菊酯EW 400 mg/L（编号9）和600 mg/L（编号10）处理后,成虫羽化率为63.33%~73.00%,均显著低于对照（P<0.05）,而各处理间差异不显著（P>0.05）（图1A）。
图1 5种常用杀虫剂对台湾甲腹茧蜂蛹的影响

不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著（P<0.05）。

Fig.1 Effect of five common insecticides on the eclosion rate and adult longevity of C. formosanus

Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference between treatments (P<0.05).

2.3 5种杀虫剂处理蛹后对成虫寿命的影响

如图1B所示,30%茚虫威EC 80 mg/L（编号3）、5%甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐ME 80 mg/L（编号5）和90 mg/L（编号6）处理的蜂蛹羽化成虫的寿命分别为211.36、258.67、253.78 h,均与对照组无显著差异（P>0.05）;200 g/L氯虫苯甲酰胺SC 300 mg/L（编号2）和30%茚虫威EC 180 mg/L（编号4）处理的蜂蛹羽化成虫的寿命最低,分别为134.22 h和135.71 h,与对照组差异显著（P<0.05）。

2.4 5种杀虫剂对台湾甲腹茧蜂寄生率的影响

因200 g/L氯虫苯甲酰胺SC和5.7%氯氟氰菊酯EW各处理对台湾甲腹茧蜂成蜂杀虫活性较高,20 min后均出现瘫痪等中毒症状,失去寄生能力,因此选择其他3种药剂进行寄生率试验。结果表明,处理后台湾甲腹茧蜂寄生率扔保持在较高水平。
由图2可知,对照组的寄生率最高,为98.22%;30%茚虫威EC 180 mg/L（编号4）和10%虫螨腈SC 1000 mg/L（编号8）处理蜂的寄生率最低,分别为92.72%和93.24%,与对照组差异显著（P<0.05）;5%甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐ME 80 mg/L（编号5）和90 mg/L（编号6）处理寄生率分别为96.83%和96.72%,与对照组无显著差异（P>0.05）。
图2 3种不同类型杀虫剂对台湾甲腹茧蜂寄生率的影响

Fig. 2 Effect of three insecticides on parasitism rate of C. formosanus

3 讨论

台湾甲腹茧蜂为卵-幼虫跨期寄生蜂,可高效寄生草地贪夜蛾,寄生率最高可达100%,其生长发育分为卵、幼虫、预蛹、蛹和成虫5阶段,其中前2个阶段在寄主卵和幼虫体内完成,预蛹、蛹和成虫期在寄主体外进行,可寄生多种鳞翅目害虫卵,具备应用潜力。运用寄生蜂及杀虫剂的综合防治方案已在多种作物上成功应用[12]。杀虫剂对不同非靶标生物存在生物活性差异,本研究讨论了常用5种常用杀虫剂对台湾甲腹茧蜂存活、羽化、蛹后成蜂寿命和寄生率的影响,为利用该蜂参与草地贪夜蛾及其他鳞翅目害虫的综合防治提供理论依据。
氯虫苯甲酰胺为双酰胺类杀虫剂,对螟黄赤眼蜂（Trichogramma chilonis）[13]、松毛虫赤眼蜂（Trichogramma dendrolimi）[14]、玉米螟赤眼蜂（Trichogramma ostriniae）[15]潜在风险较低,同时对半闭弯尾姬蜂（Diadegma semiclausum）[16]和二化螟盘绒茧蜂（Cotesia chilonis Munakata）[17]存活率存在负面影响,本研究表明200 g/L氯虫苯甲酰胺SC的商品制剂对台湾甲腹茧蜂风险系数（HQ）较高,存在潜在风险,田间推荐剂量处理台湾甲腹茧蜂,出现瘫痪等中毒症状,48 h后成蜂死亡率可达63.33%,最低推荐剂量受药后失去寄生能力,最高推荐剂量下羽化率显著下降20%,药剂处理蛹后成蜂寿命显著下降48.93%,由于氯虫苯甲酰胺在膜翅目蜂类的胸肌膜中存在高亲和性靶标位点[18],对草地贪夜蛾进行生物防治释放台湾甲腹茧蜂时应避免同时使用。
茚虫威是一种高效低毒的恶二嗪类杀虫剂,有较高的选择性及杀虫活性[19],对双斑侧沟茧蜂（Microplitis bicoloratus）、拟澳洲赤眼蜂（Trichogramma confusum）和卷蛾分索赤眼蜂（Trichogrammatoidea bactrae）成蜂存活、寄生力等均无显著影响[20-21],对多胚跳小蜂（Copidosoma truncatellum）的存活率[22]和甘蓝夜蛾赤眼蜂（Trichogramma brassicae）的羽化率[23]影响较小,使叶蝉三棒缨小蜂（Stethynium empoascae Subba Rao）的羽化率显著降低[24],本研究显示30%茚虫威EC的商品制剂对台湾甲腹茧蜂的潜在风险低,对成虫存活率无显著影响,最高推荐剂量下羽化率显著下降20%,药剂处理蛹后成蜂寿命显著下降48.36%,寄生率显著下降5.78%,最低推荐剂量下均无显著影响,使用30%茚虫威EC进行草地贪夜蛾综合治理应控制使用剂量,较高浓度使用应避开台湾甲腹茧蜂蛹期及繁殖期。
甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐是大环内酯类杀虫剂,对稻螟赤眼蜂（Trichogramma japonicum）、亚洲玉米螟赤眼蜂（Trichogramma ostriniae）、拟澳洲赤眼蜂（Trichogramma confusum）和广赤眼蜂（Trichogramma evanescens）成蜂为低至中等风险[20-21],对红测沟茧蜂（Microplitis mediator Haliday）蛹处理后羽化率均无显著影响[25],显著缩短了烟蚜茧蜂（Aphidius gifuensis）寿命及寄生率[26]。本研究显示5%甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐ME在推荐剂量下对台湾甲腹茧蜂潜在风险较低,对成蜂存活率、处理后蛹的羽化率及寿命、寄生率均无显著影响,在推荐剂量下搭配台湾甲腹茧蜂对草地贪夜蛾进行综合防治具有一定的应用潜力。
虫螨腈为新型吡咯类农药,具有胃毒、触杀及内吸活性,对霍氏啮小蜂（Tetrastichus howardi）成蜂杀虫活性高[27],可降低短管赤眼蜂（Trichogramma pretiosum）存活率、寄生率及处理蛹后的羽化率[28],对卷蛾赤眼蜂（Trichogramma cacoeciae Marchal）幼虫至蛹期存在负面影响[29]。本研究表明在10%虫螨腈SC在推荐剂量下对台湾甲腹茧蜂潜在风险较低,对成蜂存活率无显著影响,推荐剂量下羽化率显著下降16.24%~ 30.80%,处理蛹后成蜂寿命下降28.47%~39.25%,寄生率下降可达7.56%,进行对草地贪夜蛾综合防治时应选择适当剂量。
氯氟氰菊酯是除虫菊酯类杀虫剂,对蜂类有较高毒性[30],一定剂量下可能导致椰甲截脉姬小蜂（Asecodes hispinarum）无法羽化[31]。除虫菊酯类农药中的高效氯氟氰菊酯显著降低预蛹及蛹期处理后的螟黄赤眼蜂（Trichogramma chilonis Ishii）、广赤眼蜂（Trichogramma evanescens）羽化率[32-33],并降低了粗脊蚜茧蜂（Aphidius colemani）成虫寿命[34]。本研究表明5.7%氯氟氰菊酯EW潜在风险较低,但推荐剂量下羽化率降低27.17%,处理蛹后成蜂寿命下降24.63%~ 25.17%,由于受药后台湾甲腹茧蜂出现中毒症状,失去寄生能力,综合防治中施药应避开寄生蜂使用时段。
综上所述,通过评价不同杀虫剂暴露下蛹期后的羽化率、羽化后成虫的存活时间以及对成虫的存活率、寄生率,在使用台湾甲腹茧蜂进行综合防治时,200 g/L氯虫苯甲酰胺SC及5.7%氯氟氰菊酯EW对其影响较大,应在施药过程中避免同时使用;30%茚虫威EC及10%虫螨腈SC对台湾甲腹茧蜂的影响随剂量上升而加强,综合防治中应确定适当的剂量,在蛹期及繁殖期根据实际情况合理使用;5%甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐ME在推荐剂量下对台湾甲腹茧蜂均无显著影响,在综合防治中存在一定的应用潜力;而30%茚虫威EC、10%虫螨腈SC及5%甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐ME可进一步研究,根据其综合防治过程中的实际效果研究制定使用规范。在保护天敌、合理使用农药、协调生物防治和化学防治在有害生物综合防治中,评估常用杀虫剂对非靶标生物的影响具有重大意义。由于田间条件与室内条件存在一定差异,相关药剂还需进一步开展田间应用研究。

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