1 材料与方法
1.1 材料
表1 供试杧果品种Tab. 1 Tested mango varieties |
| 采收期Harvest date | 品种Variety |
|---|---|
| 6月下旬 | 新世纪、贵妃、台农 |
| 7月中旬 | 红杉林、桂七、热农1号、澳杧、南逗麦4号、四季蜜杧、玉文、金煌、红象牙、金兴、红玉 |
| 7月下旬 | 水瑛达、帕拉瑛达、桂热10号 |
1.2 方法
1.2.1 果实性状调查
1.2.2 果实品质性状的调查
1.3 数据处理
2 结果与分析
2.1 不同杧果种质质量性状的多样性分析
表2 杧果种质果实质量性状多样性分析Tab. 2 Diversity analysis of fruit quality characters of mango germplasms |
| 性状 Character | 遗传多样性指数H' | 频率分布Frequency distribution/% | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | ||
| 横切面形状 | 0.78 | 0.72 | 0.17 | 0.11 | |||
| 完熟果皮颜色 | 1.50 | 0.06 | 0.11 | 0.44 | 0.22 | 0.06 | 0.11 |
| 果肉颜色 | 1.29 | 0.11 | 0.06 | 0.44 | 0.33 | 0.06 | |
| 松香味 | 0.69 | 0.50 | 0.50 | ||||
| 剖面形状 | 0.85 | 0.06 | 0.39 | 0.56 | |||
| 果皮与果肉黏着 | 0.65 | 0.06 | 0.17 | 0.78 | |||
注:横切面性状中,1=椭圆形、2=阔椭圆形、3=卵圆形;完熟果皮颜色中,1=绿色、2=黄绿色、3=黄色、4=橙黄色、5=黄带红、6=红带紫;果肉颜色中,1=乳白色、2=浅黄色、3=黄色、4=浅橙色、5=橙色;松香味中,1=无、2=有;剖面性状中,1=椭圆形、2=长椭圆形、3=肾形;果皮与果肉黏着中1=弱、2=中、3=强。 | |
Note: Shape of fruit cross section, 1=ovate oblique, 2= oval roundish, 3=ovate; Peel color, 1= green, 2=yellow green, 3=yellow, 4=yellow orange, 5=red with yellow, 6=purple with red; Pulp color, 1=milk white, 2=light yellow, 3=yellow, 4=light orange, 5=orange; Pine fragrance, 1=no fragrance, 2=pine fragrance; Section shape, 1=Ovate oblique, 2=long oval, 3=reniform; Adhesion between pulp and peel, 1=strong, 2=medium, 3=week. |
图1 17个杧果种质完整果实形状和果实剖面形状A1~A2:金兴;B1~B2:南逗麦4号;C1~C2:热农1号;D1~D2:玉文;E1~E2:澳杧;F1~F2:贵妃;G1~G2:桂七;H1~H2:红杉林;I1~I2:红象牙;J1~J2:红玉;K1~K2:金煌;L1~L2:四季蜜杧;M1~M2:台农;N1~N2:新世纪;O1~O2:桂热10号;P1~P2:帕拉瑛达;Q1~Q2:水瑛达。 Fig. 1 Whole fruit shape and fruit profile shape of 17 mango germplasms A1-A2: Jinxing; B1-B2: Nam Doc Mai No.4; C1-C2: Renong No.1; D1-D2: Yuwen; E1-E2: R2E2; F1-F2: Guifei; G1-G2: Guiqi; H1-H2: Hongshanlin; I1-I2: Hongxiangya; J1-J2: Hongyu; K1-K2: Jinhuang; L1-L2: Sijimi mango; M1-M2: Tainong; N1-N2: Xinshiji; O1-O2: Guire No. 10; P1-P2: Palayingda; Q1-Q2: Shuiyingda. |
2.2 不同杧果种质数量性状的多样性分析
表3 杧果果实数量性状多样性分析Tab.3 Quantity diversity analysis of fruit character in mango resources |
| 性状 Character | 遗传多样性指数H' | 最大值 Max | 最小值 Min | 平均值 Average | 极差 Range | 标准差 SD | 变异系数 CV/% |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 单果重/g | 1.38 | 1280.00 | 105.00 | 496.34 | 1175.00 | 253.51 | 51 |
| 可食率/% | 1.33 | 85.39 | 41.43 | 66.99 | 43.96 | 8.33 | 12 |
| 可溶性固形物/% | 1.45 | 24.20 | 8.90 | 17.34 | 15.30 | 3.38 | 19 |
| 总酸/% | 0.98 | 1.79 | 0.16 | 0.60 | 1.63 | 0.33 | 55 |
| 固酸比 | 0.89 | 151.25 | 10.78 | 37.21 | 140.47 | 23.57 | 63 |
| 多酚/(mg·kg-1) | 0.96 | 45.33 | 6.49 | 14.23 | 38.84 | 6.66 | 47 |
| 维生素C/(mg·kg-1) | 1.22 | 23.29 | 1.35 | 7.54 | 21.94 | 6.65 | 88 |
| Fe/(mg·kg-1) | 0.64 | 25.40 | 0.83 | 4.30 | 24.57 | 4.11 | 96 |
| Ca/(mg·kg-1) | 1.47 | 96.20 | 24.40 | 52.85 | 71.80 | 16.72 | 32 |
| Mg/(mg·kg-1) | 1.33 | 208.00 | 52.50 | 113.26 | 155.50 | 28.75 | 25 |
| 叶黄素/(mg·kg-1) | 1.05 | 36.27 | 2.36 | 9.59 | 33.91 | 6.78 | 71 |
| 玉米黄素/(mg·kg-1) | 1.25 | 52.64 | 3.36 | 16.31 | 49.28 | 12.57 | 77 |
| 番茄红素/(mg·kg-1) | 0.92 | 18.94 | 2.13 | 5.69 | 16.81 | 3.69 | 65 |
| α-胡萝卜素/(mg·kg-1) | 0.97 | 70.76 | 1.84 | 15.48 | 68.92 | 13.71 | 89 |
| β-胡萝卜素/(mg·kg-1) | 1.51 | 996.20 | 27.07 | 439.11 | 969.13 | 227.96 | 52 |
2.3 不同杧果种质数量性状相关性分析
图2 不同杧果种质数量性状相关性分析FSI为果形指数;FW为单果重;ER为可食率;TSS为可溶性固形物;TA为总酸;SR为固酸比;PO为多酚;Vc为维生素C;Fe为铁;Ca为钙;Mg为镁;LU为叶黄素;ZE为玉米黄素;LY为番茄红素;αC为α-胡萝卜素;βC为β-胡萝卜素。 Fig. 2 Correlation analysis of quality characters in different mango germplasms FSI is fruit shape index; FW is fruit weight; ER is edible rate; TSS is total soluble solid; TA is total acid; SR is sugar-acid ratio; PO is polyphenols; Vc is vatamin C; Fe is ferrum; Ca is calcium; Mg is magnesium; LU is lutein; ZE is zeaxanthin; LY is lycopene; αC is α-carotene; βC is β-carotene. |
2.4 杧果种质综合性状表型的主成分分析
表4 果实性状主成分的特征值、贡献率和累积贡献率Tab. 4 Eigenvalue, contribution rate and accumulation contribution rate of principal components of fruits traits |
| 成分 Component | PC1 | PC2 | PC3 | PC4 | PC5 | PC6 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 特征值 | 3.442 | 2.796 | 2.240 | 1.985 | 1.351 | 1.132 |
| 贡献率/% | 21.514 | 17.472 | 14.000 | 12.406 | 8.442 | 7.074 |
| 累积贡献率/% | 21.514 | 38.986 | 52.986 | 65.392 | 73.834 | 80.908 |
图3 果实数量性状对各主成分的贡献FW为单果重;ER为可食率;TSS为可溶性固形物;TA为总酸;SR为固酸比;PO为多酚;Vc为维生素C;Fe为铁;Ca为钙;Mg为镁;LU为叶黄素;ZE为玉米黄素;LY为番茄红素;αC为α-胡萝卜素;βC为β-胡萝卜素。 Fig. 3 Contribution of fruit quantitative traits to principal components FW is fruit weight; ER is edible rate; TSS is total soluble solid; TA is total acid; SR is sugar-acid ratio; PO is polyphenols; Vc is vatamin C; Fe is ferrum; Ca is calcium; Mg is magnesium; LU is lutein; ZE is zeaxanthin; LY is lycopene; αC is α-carotene; βC is β-carotene. |
2.5 不同杧果种质的聚类分析
图4 不同杧果种质的聚类分析SFCS为横切面;PEC为完熟果皮颜色;PUC为果肉颜色;PF为松香味;SS为剖面形状;JC为果汁含量;FSI为果形指数;FW为单果重;ER为可食率;TSS为可溶性固形物;TA为总酸;SR为固酸比;PO为多酚;Vc为维生素C;Fe为铁;Ca为钙;Mg为镁;LU为叶黄素;ZE为玉米黄素;LY为番茄红素;αC为α-胡萝卜素;βC为β-胡萝卜素。 Fig. 4 Cluster analysis of different mango germplasms SFCA is shape of fruit cross section; PEC is peel color; PUC is pulp color; PF is pine fragrance; SS is section shape; JC is juice content; FSI is fruit shape index; FW is fruit weight; ER is edible rate; TSS is total soluble solid; TA is total acid; SR is sugar-acid ratio; PO is polyphenols; Vc is vatamin C; Fe is ferrum; Ca is calcium; Mg is magnesium; LU is lutein; ZE is zeaxanthin; LY is lycopene; αC is α-carotene; βC is β-carotene. |
