1 材料与方法
1.1 研究区概况
1.2 森林遥感提取方法
1.3 森林分布及动态分析方法
2 结果与分析
2.1 海南岛森林现状及变化情况
2.2 市县尺度森林现状及变化情况
表1 海南岛各市(县)2007—2018年森林面积消长情况Tab. 1 Changes in forest area of each city / county in Hainan Island from 2007 to 2018 |
| 市/县 Cities/Counties | 森林面积 Forest area/km2 | 消长面积 Decreasing and decreasing area/km2 | 覆盖率 Coverage rate/% | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2007 | 2018 | ||
| 儋州市 | 1430 | 1440 | 1626 | 1609 | 1831 | 1809 | 1943 | 1945 | 515 | 42.12 | 57.30 |
| 临高县 | 410 | 477 | 578 | 569 | 653 | 681 | 738 | 746 | 336 | 30.51 | 55.54 |
| 定安县 | 576 | 582 | 657 | 644 | 799 | 830 | 835 | 834 | 258 | 48.18 | 69.73 |
| 澄迈县 | 1064 | 1089 | 1248 | 1254 | 1279 | 1305 | 1341 | 1318 | 254 | 51.24 | 63.49 |
| 琼海市 | 957 | 1027 | 1068 | 1049 | 1174 | 1182 | 1182 | 1190 | 232 | 55.99 | 69.58 |
| 文昌市 | 848 | 870 | 916 | 947 | 694 | 865 | 976 | 1013 | 165 | 34.49 | 41.20 |
| 昌江县 | 728 | 715 | 760 | 742 | 809 | 775 | 824 | 870 | 142 | 44.90 | 53.69 |
| 白沙县 | 1748 | 1747 | 1825 | 1770 | 1879 | 1855 | 1871 | 1868 | 121 | 82.60 | 88.32 |
| 万宁市 | 1157 | 1172 | 1200 | 1200 | 1247 | 1247 | 1264 | 1267 | 109 | 60.92 | 66.66 |
| 屯昌县 | 895 | 899 | 946 | 941 | 962 | 943 | 968 | 952 | 57 | 73.10 | 77.77 |
| 五指山市 | 999 | 1004 | 1022 | 1018 | 1050 | 1039 | 1041 | 1041 | 42 | 88.38 | 92.09 |
| 乐东县 | 1501 | 1529 | 1601 | 1556 | 1630 | 1580 | 1593 | 1534 | 33 | 54.27 | 55.46 |
| 陵水县 | 538 | 554 | 571 | 575 | 582 | 575 | 583 | 563 | 25 | 48.54 | 50.82 |
| 海口市 | 1049 | 1032 | 1104 | 1075 | 994 | 1080 | 1079 | 1072 | 22 | 45.94 | 46.92 |
| 保亭县 | 971 | 991 | 1012 | 1009 | 1009 | 994 | 995 | 978 | 7 | 83.27 | 83.86 |
| 东方市 | 892 | 866 | 913 | 870 | 903 | 857 | 882 | 880 | -13 | 39.26 | 38.71 |
| 三亚市 | 1141 | 1158 | 1194 | 1179 | 1108 | 1102 | 1107 | 1064 | -76 | 59.46 | 55.49 |
| 琼中县 | 2501 | 2500 | 2535 | 2511 | 2437 | 2385 | 2412 | 2388 | -113 | 92.49 | 88.31 |
| 全省 | 19 406 | 19 653 | 20 778 | 20 519 | 21 039 | 21 104 | 21 634 | 21 525 | 2119 | 56.43 | 62.59 |
2.3 不同立地环境森林分布现状及变化情况
图3 2007—2018年不同地形条件下的海南岛森林面积A:不同海拔;B:不同坡度。 Fig. 3 Forests area of Hainan Island under different terrain conditions from 2007 to 2018 A; Different altitude; B: Different slope. |
表2 2007、2018年不同地形条件下的海南岛森林覆盖率Tab. 2 Forest coverage of Hainan Island under different terrain conditions in 2007 and 2018 |
| 指标 Index | 森林覆盖率 Forest cover rate/% | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 2007 | 2018 | ||
| 海拔区间/m | ≤50 | 21.80 | 30.94 |
| 50~100 | 49.68 | 61.07 | |
| 100~200 | 66.17 | 69.16 | |
| 200~300 | 84.71 | 84.02 | |
| 300~600 | 92.70 | 94.29 | |
| 600~1200 | 95.05 | 98.98 | |
| ≥1200 | 95.44 | 98.73 | |
| 坡度区间/° | 0~5 | 28.98 | 38.58 |
| 5~8 | 59.97 | 66.33 | |
| 8~15 | 80.66 | 81.08 | |
| 15~25 | 91.15 | 92.21 | |
| 25~35 | 93.95 | 96.87 | |
| ≥35 | 91.64 | 96.94 | |
3 讨论
图4 海南岛森林变化典型区域分析图中用于参考解释数据的橡胶分布图来自课题组前期研究(近30年海南岛橡胶时空变化分析研究)。Ⅰ:儋州市橡胶林增加及对应区域森林、橡胶分布图和影像;Ⅱ:三亚市热带果园发展及对应区域森林、橡胶分布图和Google地球高清影像;III:琼中县水库建设前、中、后的影像。 Fig. 4 Analysis of typical areas of forest change in Hainan Island The rubber distribution map used for reference and interpretation data in the figure comes from the previous research of the research group (Analysis and research on the temporal and spatial change of rubber in Hainan Island in recent 30 years). Ⅰ: Increase of rubber forest in Danzhou City and corresponding regional forest and rubber distribution maps and images; Ⅱ: Development of tropical orchard in Sanya City and corresponding regional forests, rubber distribution maps and Google Earth HD images; III: Construction of Qiongzhong County Reservoir and its early, mid and late images. |
