1 材料与方法
1.1 材料
1.2 方法
2 结果与分析
2.1 孢子萌发过程
图1 玻片中的芽管及附着胞形成以及微循环产孢(24 h后)A:单个孢子萌发状态;B:2个孢子萌发后芽管连接处;C:孢子可萌发产生一个至多个附着胞;D:箭头所指为微循环产孢产生的二次孢子、三次孢子。 Fig. 1 Formation of germ tube and appresorium and microcycle conidiation in slide (After 24 h) A: Single spore germination; B: The junction of the spore tube after germination of two spores; C: The spore may germinate to produce one or more appressoriums; D: Arrow indicates the secondary spores and tertiary spores produced by microcycle conidiation. |
图2 炭疽菌侵染芒果果皮的扫描电镜观察A:瓣状附着胞;B:菌丝在果皮表面的扭结和分支;C、E:越过气孔生长的芽管;D:伸长的芽管具有耳状结构;F:健康的芒果果皮表面结构。 Fig. 2 Scanning electron micrographs of mango peel infected by C. gloeosporioides A: Valvular appressorium; B: Twisting and branching of hyphae on peel surface; C, E: Germ tube growing across stomata; D: The elongated germ tube has an ear like structure; F: Surface structure of healthy mango peel. |
2.2 胶孢炭疽菌在果实中的侵入及扩展观察
图3 炭疽菌侵染芒果果实的透射电镜、光镜照片← A:菌丝侵染芒果果皮后变形的细胞(×10 000);B:光镜下在果皮细胞内和细胞间扩展的菌丝(×600);C:次生菌丝(SH)在寄主细胞中繁殖和扩展(×5000);D:初生菌丝横切面(×5000);E:初生菌丝纵切面,箭头为隔膜(septem, S)和大液泡(vacuolation, V)(×5000);F:寄主细胞中的次生菌丝(×4000);G、H:孢子成熟脱落(×150);I:分生孢子盘光学显微镜照片(×400);J:光镜下分生孢子盘底部细胞结构(×600)。A、C~F:透射电镜照片;B、G~J:光镜照片。 Fig. 3 Transmission electron and light micrographs of mango fruit infected by C. gloeosporioides A: Deformed cells of mango peel infected by hyphae (×10 000); B: Hyphae extending within and between pericarp cells under light microscope (×600); C: Secondary hyphae (SH) proliferates and expands in host cells; D: Cross section of primary mycelium (×5000); E: Longitudinal section of primary hyphae,arrow indicates septem (S) and vacuoles (V) (×5000); F: Secondary hyphae in host cells (×4000); G, H: Spore maturation and abscission (×150); I: Light micrographs of acervulus (×400); J: Cytological structure of the bottom of conidial disk under light microscope (×600). A, C-F: Transmission electron micrographs; B, G-J: Light micrographs. |
2.3 胶孢炭疽菌侵染芒果叶片过程的光学显微镜及透射电镜观察结果
图4 炭疽菌侵染芒果叶片的透射电镜、光镜照片A:光镜下叶片细胞变形,凹陷(×150);B:菌丝侵入叶肉细胞(×600);C:漏斗状的菌丝锥(×5000);D:初生菌丝穿过寄主细胞壁处的缢缩(×4000);E:箭头所指为菌丝隔膜(×5000);F:菌丝在寄主细胞内扩展的纵切面(×4000);G:菌丝在寄主细胞内的横切面(×4000)。A、B:光镜照片;C~G:透射电镜照片。 Fig. 4 Transmission election and light micrograph of mango leaf infected by C. gloeosporioides A: The leaf cells were deformed and depressed under light microscope (×150); B: Hyphae invade mesophyll cells (×600); C: Funnel shaped bacterial tap (×5000); D: Constriction of primary hyphae through host cell wall (×4000); E: The arrow indicates the mycelial membrane (×5000); F: A longitudinal section of treated hyphae (×4000); G: The cross section of the hyphae in host cell (×4000). A, B: Light micrographs; C-G: Transmission electron micrographs. |
2.4 透射电镜观察胶孢炭疽菌侵染芒果的组织病理学结果
图5 芒果果实受侵染后果皮细胞的病理学变化A:寄主细胞原生质体解体(×5000);B:寄主细胞界限消失(×8000);C:寄主细胞壁上积累电子致密度较高的物质(×10 000);D:次生菌丝聚集成束(×10 000);E:芒果绿色表皮细胞健康叶绿体(×20 000);F:受菌丝侵染的叶绿体形成小泡(V),基粒类囊体解体(×12 000);G:叶绿体被膜被破坏,部分解体(×12 000)。 Fig. 5 Pathology change of mango pericarp cells after mango fruit infected A: Cellular protoplasm of host cells became disorganized (×5000); B: The host cells borderline was lost (×8000); C: High electron- dense materials accumulated in host cell wall (×10 000); D: Second hyphae collected a bundle (×10 000); E: Healthy chloroplas of mango green epidermal cell (×20 000); F: Chloroplasts infected by mycelium formed vesicles (V) and grana thylakoids disintegrated (×12 000); G: Chloroplast envelope was distorted, and disorganized partly (×12 000). |
图6 受侵染的芒果叶片细胞的病理学变化A:寄主细胞壁变形(×5000);B:寄主细胞器解体,原生质膜完全被裂解(×8000);C:寄主细胞壁变薄(×8000);D:寄主细胞间隙变大(×5000);E:被降解的寄主细胞中的初生菌丝和细胞间隙的次生菌丝(×5000)。 Fig. 6 Pathology change of mango leaves infected by C. gloeosporioides A: Host cell wall deformation (×5000); B: The host organelles disintegrated and the protoplast membrane was completely lysed (×8000); C: Host cell wall became thinner (×8000); D: The host cell space became larger (×5000); E: Primary hyphae in host cells and second hyphae of intercellular space (×5000). |
