Welcome to Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops,

Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops >

2022 , Vol. 43 >Issue 2: 303 - 310

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2022.02.010

Plant Cultivation, Physiology & Biochemistry

Comparison of Secondary Laticifer Differentiation of Mature Tree Induced by Pre-tapping in 1981’ IRRDB Wild Germplasm of Rubber Tree

  • SHI Minjing ,
  • ZHANG Shixin ,
  • CHAO Jinquan ,
  • LI Yan ,
  • DENG Xiaomin ,
  • HU Yanshi ,
  • TIAN Weimin , *
Expand
  • Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences / Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber Tree, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs / State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Cultivation and Physiology of Tropical Crops, Haikou, Hainan 570100, China
* TIAN Weimin,E-mail： .

Received date: 2021-07-26

  Request revised date: 2021-10-28

  Online published: 2022-02-22

Copyright

Copyright reserved © 2022.
Fold

Abstract

The secondary laticifer in the trunk bark of a rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg.) is the major tissue to synthesize and store natural rubber. The number of secondary laticifer rows in the bark has a significantly positive correlation with the latex yield. Tapping is the key step in natural rubber production and the unique way to acquire the natural rubber, and the differentiation of the secondary laticifer can be induced by tapping. Using iodine-bromine reagent dying and paraffin section technology, the bark structure of 1981’ IRRDB wild germplasms before and after pre-tapping was observed under an optical microscope. The number of the secondary laticifer rows in the yellow skin layer and water sac skin layer of 1981’IRRDB wild germplasms was recorded, further the differentiation of the secondary laticifer was analyzed. In the 85 wild germplasms accessions, there was a low number of secondary laticifer rows in the yellow skin layer and water sac skin layer respectively under natural conditions. Usually the total number of secondary laticifer rows in both yellow skin and water sac skin layer was less than 8 rows for 8 years of rubber trees. After pre-tapping, the number of secondary laticifer rows in the water sac skin layer generally increased, but there was no significant change in the yellow skin layer. According to the number of new secondary laticifer rows induced by pre- tapping, the differentiation ability of secondary laticifer from low to high was roughly classified into 3 grades (Grade 1, Grade 2 and Grade 3), corresponding to the number of new laticifer less than 2, between 2 to 3 (including 2), and between 3 to (including 3), respectively. Based on the criteria, there were 57, 23 and 5 accessions corresponding to Grade 1, 2 and 3, with the percentage of 67.06%, 27.06% and 5.88% among the 85 accessions respectively. Therefore, the secondary laticifer differentiation ability in most of the wild germplasms was relatively low. In short, the ability of secondary laticifer differentiation induced by pre-tapping was usually correlated with the natural differentiation ability of germplasm. Germplasms of high differentiation ability induced by pre-tapping always have a strong differentiation ability of secondary laticifer under natural conditions. The ability of secondary laticifer differentiation induced by pre-tapping can be used as an effective indicator for early prediction of high-yield and peak yielding period, and the results also would provide a basis for identification and evaluation of the wild germplasm resources for rubber tree.

Key words： Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg.; wild germplasm; pre-tapping; secondary laticifer differentiation

Cite this article

SHI Minjing , ZHANG Shixin , CHAO Jinquan , LI Yan , DENG Xiaomin , HU Yanshi , TIAN Weimin . Comparison of Secondary Laticifer Differentiation of Mature Tree Induced by Pre-tapping in 1981’ IRRDB Wild Germplasm of Rubber Tree[J]. Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, 2022 , 43(2) : 303 -310 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2022.02.010

巴西橡胶树（以下简称橡胶树）是人工栽培最重要的一种产胶植物,提供了世界所需98%以上的天然橡胶[1]。橡胶树中的天然橡胶是一种顺式-聚异戊二烯次生代谢物[2,3],于胶乳中提炼而成,因其具有合成橡胶不可媲美的综合性能,在医疗、航天、航海、重型汽车等领域的应用具有不可替代性[4,5]。乳管细胞是产生和贮藏胶乳的一种特化次生代谢组织,乳管数量的多少与天然橡胶产量的高低密切相关,因此,对乳管的研究一直是橡胶树产胶生物学研究中的重点。
橡胶树的种子、叶、花、果实、根以及茎中都分布有贮存天然橡胶的乳管[6],但由于橡胶树迥异于其他农作物收获产品的方式（割胶,即切割树干树皮,是当前收获胶乳的唯一方式）,分布于树干中的次生乳管是提供胶乳的最主要来源,因此,其数量是当前决定天然橡胶产量的关键因素。橡胶树树干中的次生乳管是由维管形成层中的纺锤状原始细胞切向分裂形成的,与形成层呈同心圆状排列[1],次生乳管分化的能力是橡胶树种质固有的特征,也受环境、机械伤害以及激素等多种因素的影响[7,8,9]。研究表明,割胶造成的机械伤害和排胶都能诱导成龄树树干次生乳管分化,其中排胶起主要作用[8]。对7~8龄橡胶树预割,既造成机械伤害也导致了排胶,经证明也能诱导次生乳管分化[10]。和针对3~4龄橡胶树的试割相比,预割针对的是即将正式开割的大树。分析不同成龄树种质在预割伤害后次生乳管的分化特征,能更有效地预测正式割胶后橡胶树的乳管分化情况,为有效筛选出具有高产潜能的种质提供依据。
1981'IRRDB野生种质引自巴西亚马孙河流域地域相隔较远的朗多尼亚州（RO/）、阿克里州（AC/）和马托格罗索州（MT/）,与采集区域相对狭窄的魏克汉种质相比,具有更为广泛的遗传基础[11,12,13,14,15],是我国重要的种质资源,对该种质的主要性状进行鉴定、评价是选育种的重要基础。目前,相对驯化约150年的魏克汉种质,1981' IRRDB野生种质的驯化利用基本处于空白。我国先后引进了7500多份野生种质[16],由于其群体数量大,故鉴定、评价工作进展较缓慢。次生乳管分化能力作为影响胶乳产量最主要的因素之一,分析野生种质成龄大树在预割伤害后次生乳管分化的特征,不仅为鉴定和评价野生种质提供依据,也为成龄大树割胶后乳管分化的能力提供早期预测,这对于缩短橡胶树产量育种时间和提高育种效率具有重要的应用价值。

1 材料与方法

1.1 材料

1.1.1 试验材料 选取种植于中国热带农业科学院儋州试验场三队（海南儋州宝岛新村）8年生1981'IRRDB野生种质85份（表1）,于当年8月距地面高2 m处,以1/4树围开割线,并同时采集割线上垂线处树皮1份作为对照。按照3 d1刀的割制,阴刀连续割胶10刀,然后停割1个月,在割线上垂线位置再采集树皮1份。树皮材料经80%酒精固定后,碘-溴染色处理,制备石蜡切片。
表1 85份1981'IRRDB野生种质

Tab. 1 85 kinds of 1981'IRRDB wild germplasms

野生种质名称 Wild germplasms name
7/02/81 1/40 AC/S/8 35/629 MT/I/40A 40 RO/CM/10 44/359 RO/PB/1 2/16
AC 78 AC/T/4 13/36 MT/IT/12 26/32 RO/CM/10 44/529 RO/PB/1 2/78
AC/AB/15 54/35 AC/X/20 53/117 MT/IT/12 26/75 RO/CM/10 44/710 RO/PB/2 3/117
AC/AB/15 54/54 AC/X/20 53/34 MT/IT/14 30/18 RO/CM/10 44/749 RO/PB/2 3/128
AC/AB/15 54/547 AC/X/21 64/12 MT/VB/25A 57/13 RO/CM/10 44/780 RO/PB/2 3/185
AC/AB/15 54/557 AC/X/21 64/195 RO 52 RO/CM/10 44/794 RO/PB/2 3/194
AC/AB/15 54/580 AC/X/21 64/236 RO/A/7 25/198 RO/I/56 81 RO/PB/2 3/245
AC/AB/15 54/688 MT/C/1 18/49 RO/A/7 25/234 RO/I/75 94 RO/PB/2 3/284
AC/AB/15 54/715 MT/C/1 18/52 RO/A/7 25/471 RO/J/05 33/44 RO/PB/2 3/429
AC/B/17 58/24 MT/C/11 9/1 RO/C/8 24/104 RO/J/6 32/35 RO/PB/2 3/483
AC/B/17 58/38 MT/C/11 9/17 RO/C/8 24/9 RO/J/6 32/49 RO/PB/2 3/504
AC/B/18 55/53 MT/C/11 9/67 RO/C/9 23/219 RO/JP/3 22/189 RO/PB/2 3/78
AC/F/5 21/100 MT/C/2 10/155 RO/CM/10 44/15 RO/JP/3 22/243 XJA02366
AC/F/6A 36/337 MT/C/2 10/169 RO/CM/10 44/155 RO/JP/3 22/250 XJA02388
AC/F/7 38/63 MT/C/4 7/83 RO/CM/10 44/160 RO/JP/3 22/392 XJA02661
AC/S/12 42/276 MT/C/7 8/41 RO/CM/10 44/252 RO/PB/1 2/10 XJA04952
AC/S/8 35/32 MT/I/25 28 RO/CM/10 44/263 RO/PB/1 2/124 XJA05271
1.1.2 主要试剂和仪器 制备石蜡切片所需的乙醇、正丁醇、冰醋酸、二甲苯为国产分析纯,石蜡为生物组织切片专用。切片机为Leica RM2235型旋转切片机,成像显微镜为德国Leica DMLB型光学显微镜。

1.2 方法

光学显微切片的制备：材料采集后分割,并经80%（V/V）乙醇固定24 h,乙醇梯度脱水,碘-溴冰醋酸试剂60℃处理48 h,乙醇脱水后经正丁醇透明,石蜡包埋,具体参见史自强等[17]方法并稍作修改。树皮横切,切片厚度15 μm,二甲苯脱蜡后固绿染色1 h,中性树胶封片。

1.3 数据处理

光学显微镜下观察横切面切片并成像。光镜下统计每份切片材料黄皮层和水囊皮层中的乳管列数,对比预割前后的结果,分析新生的次生乳管分化列数情况,采用Excel 2003软件制作图表。

2 结果与分析

2.1 橡胶树1981'IRRDB野生种质自然条件下次生乳管的分化

对85份8年生的野生种质大树的原生树皮进行切片观察。结果表明,不同种质水囊皮厚度存在明显差异,范围分布在200~1000 µm之间,但大部分种质水囊皮厚度在500 µm左右。水囊皮中的乳管为幼嫩乳管,不同种质中分化的列数不同（图1A）,其中,56份种质仅1列乳管,占总种质数量的65.88%;12份种质中有2列乳管,占14.12%;10份种质的水囊皮中未观察到乳管列,占11.76%;6份种质中有3列乳管,占7.06%;仅1份种质中有4列乳管,占1.18%。由此可见,自然条件下,野生种质水囊皮中的乳管列数普遍偏低,2列及以下乳管列数的种质占比高达91.76%,而3列及以上列数的种质占比仅8.24%。水囊皮通常在一年半至两年内形成,由此可以推测出野生种质在一年内形成的次生乳管数量通常是极少的。
图1 自然条件下1981'IRRDB野生种质不同次生乳管列数量分布

A：水囊皮中不同乳管列数量的野生种质的比例;B：水囊皮和黄皮层中不同乳管列数量的野生种质的比例。

Fig. 1 Ratio of 1981'IRRDB wild germplasms with different numbers of secondary laticifer rows under natural conditions

A: The ratio of wild germplasms with different laticifer row number in water sac skin layer; B: The ratio of wild germplasms with different laticifer row number in water skin sac skin and yellow skin layers.

黄皮层紧邻水囊皮的外侧,作为主要的产胶区域,次生乳管为成熟乳管。8年生的野生种质中黄皮层较薄,厚度在500~1200 µm之间,其中,厚度在700 µm左右的种质较多。黄皮层中的次生乳管列数不同种质差异较大,从1至7列皆有。综合分析水囊皮和黄皮层中成列的次生乳管列总数量（图1B）,其中4列及以下的种质数量为58份,占68.24%;5~7列的种质数量为24份,占28.23%;8列以上的种质数量极少,仅3份,占比为3.53%。
8年生野生种质的砂皮内层不明显,大部分种质中石细胞出现后即形成石细胞列,次生乳管被挤压而分散,很少观察到成列的乳管。

2.2 预割诱导橡胶树1981'IRRDB野生种质次生乳管的分化

对野生种质大树的树干进行预割处理后,切片观察树皮中次生乳管分布的情况。预割后不同种质水囊皮的厚度普遍有所减少,这与割胶伤害到水囊皮有关。不同种质水囊皮中的幼嫩乳管列数普遍增加（图2A）,其中,水囊皮中有2列乳管的种质数量为39份,占45.88%;含1列乳管的种质数量为25份,占29.41%;含3列乳管的种质有12份,占14.12%;含4列乳管的种质有7份,占8.23%;含5列和6列乳管的种质各1份,占比合计为2.36%。与预割前比较,水囊皮中都观察到至少1列的乳管,且含3列以及更多列乳管的种质数量明显增多,占总种质数量比为24.71%,远高于预割前的8.24%。
图2 预割诱导后不同1981'IRRDB野生种质次生乳管列分布

A：水囊皮中不同乳管列数量野生种质的比例;B：水囊皮和黄皮层中不同乳管列数量野生种质的比例。

Fig. 2 Ratio of 1981'IRRDB wild germplasms with different numbers of secondary laticifer rows after pre-tapping

A: The ratio of wild germplasms with different laticifer row number in water sac skin layer; B: The ratio of wild germplasms with different laticifer row number in water skin sac skin and yellow skin layers.

预割后的黄皮层厚度变化不明显,但是零散的石细胞出现的位置更靠近树皮内侧。黄皮层的成熟乳管随着树皮的生长,逐渐外移进入砂皮内层,而水囊皮的幼嫩乳管也随着生长进入黄皮层成为成熟的乳管,经比较分析,不同种质在预割前后,黄皮层中次生乳管的列数并未出现明显的变化,这与取样时间与预割处理的时间间隔太短有关。综合分析水囊皮和黄皮层中次生乳管列的数量（图2B）,其中4列以下的种质数量为45份,占52.90%;5~7列的种质数量为33份,占38.80%;8列以上的种质数量增加至7份,占8.30%。不同种质中乳管列数量普遍增加的结果应与预割诱导水囊皮中分化新的乳管相关。与预割前比较,砂皮层的结构以及乳管的分布无明显变化。
由于采样时间与第一刀预割割胶伤害的时间间隔仅为2个月,而次生乳管形成到脱离水囊皮需要至少一年的时间,因此新形成的乳管列距形成层较近,而预割前自然形成的乳管列相对远离形成层,在新乳管列的外侧。通常,新诱导的乳管列有密集趋势,间隔的薄壁细胞层数少,而自然形成的乳管列之间间隔的细胞层数较多,间距较远。对预割前后水囊皮和黄皮层中的乳管列特征进行比较分析,可以计算出预割诱导的新分化乳管列数。结果表明,不同的野生种质在预割期间新形成的次生乳管列数不同,具有明显的种质特征（图3）。根据新形成次生乳管列数的多少,将预割诱导的乳管分化能力分为1、2、3级,分别对应于新分化乳管列数少于2列、2~3列(含2列)、3~4列（含3列）。根据这一分级标准,在85份野生种质中,1级分化的种质有57份,占67.06%;2级分化的种质有23份,占27.06%,二者合计为94.12%,可见大部分种质的乳管分化能力处在较弱的1级和2级。分化出3列及以上次生乳管的被认为具有较好的乳管分化能力,3级分化的种质有5份,占5.88%,可见分化能力强的种质占比极低（图4A）。
图3 预割诱导1~3级乳管分化能力的代表性野生种质

A、C、E：分别为RO/I/75 94、AC/X/20 53/34和MT/IT/12 26/32自然条件下次生乳管分化情况（对照）;B、D、F：预割处理诱导RO/I/75 94、AC/X/20 53/34和MT/IT/12 26/32次生乳管分化（红框示）情况,分别显示1~3级的分化能力。标尺为500 μm。红色箭头指示预割之前最靠近形成层的乳管列。

Fig. 3 Three levels of secondary laticifer differentiation induced by pre-tapping in wild germplasms

A, C, E: The laticifer differentiation of RO/I/75 94, AC/X/20 53/34 and MT/IT/12 26/32 as the control under natural condition before pre-tapping, respectively; B, D, F: The 1-3 levels of secondary laticifer differentiation of RO/I/75 94, AC/X/20 53/34 and MT/IT/12 26/32 after pre-tapping (the red frames show), respectively. Scale bars=500 μm. The red arrows show the secondary laticifer row closest to the cambia.

图4 1981'IRRDB野生种质预割后次生乳管分化能力分析

A：85份1981'IRRDB野生种质中不同级别乳管分化能力的比例;B：自然条件下水囊皮和黄皮层不同乳管列数的野生种质中预割后不同的乳管分化。

Fig. 4 Analysis on secondary laticifer differentiation of 1981'IRRDB wild germplasms after pre-tapping

A：The ratio of different laticifer differentiation level of 85 accessions of 1981'IRRDB wild germplasms; B: The laticifer differentiation of wild germplasms with different laticifer row numbers in water sac skin and yellow skin layers under natural condition.

自然条件下黄皮层和水囊皮中成列次生乳管列数少的种质,预割后被诱导分化次生乳管的能力通常也较低。统计表明,1级分化能力的种质主要来自于自然条件下黄皮层和水囊皮中次生乳管列数不超过4列的种质,计46份,比例高达80.70%,余下的19.30%来自自然条件下黄皮层和水囊皮具5~7列次生乳管的种质;具有2级分化能力的种质52.17%来自自然条件下黄皮层和水囊皮中次生乳管列数不超过4列的种质,47.83%来自于次生乳管列数5列及以上的种质;而3级分化能力的种质均来自于次生乳管列数5列及以上的种质。可见,自然条件下分化次生乳管列数多的种质通常也表现出较好的诱导效果（图4B）。

3 讨论

橡胶树育种一直以来都是以胶乳产量这一综合性状来筛选种质的优劣,而不是按照产胶量相关构成性状来筛选杂交组合,导致育种周期长,杂交后代筛选工作量大,并很难获取大幅度超亲的品种[16]。随着研究的进展,人们发现影响胶乳产量的3个关键因素是树干树皮中的次生乳管列数量、两次割胶之间的胶乳再生能力以及排胶时间长短,其中,次生乳管列数量是决定天然橡胶产量的最关键因子[18]。次生乳管是由维管形成层分化而来,因此,一个种质的树干形成层分化乳管能力的强弱又决定着乳管列的数量。如何在早期预判一个种质的次生乳管分化能力强弱,进而筛选出具有高产潜能的种质对于缩短橡胶树选育种年限、提高育种效率具有重要的意义。
为了对橡胶树的乳管分化能力进行早期的鉴定,田维敏等通过机械伤害诱导幼嫩萌条分化次生乳管[19,20,21],模拟割胶2年生幼树[22]、试割诱导3~4龄的幼龄树诱导分化次生乳管[23],对处在不同年龄段的幼龄橡胶树种质进行了次生乳管分化能力的分析,结果都表明,伤害诱导次生乳管分化的能力在不同种质中存在明显差异,是橡胶树种质本身的遗传特性。由于橡胶树产胶存在早熟、晚熟等不同的特性,分析不同种质在不同年龄段割胶伤害后乳管分化的特征,可避免育种中晚熟高产种质的漏选。对与常规割胶树状态接近的8龄树进行预割,分析预割诱导次生乳管分化的能力,可为橡胶树天然橡胶生产中在不断的割胶伤害下次生乳管的分化能力提供科学的预判,同时进一步完善乳管分化能力的早期鉴定方法。
本研究对85份野生种质8龄大树进行了预割,发现不同的种质对预割伤害的反应不同,具有种质特征。伤害后2个月内,大部分种质只能分化出1~2列的次生乳管,占所有种质的94.12%以上;能分化出3列及以上乳管的种质占比仅5.88%,可见,在乳管分化这一性状上表现很好的种质只有少数。由预割前水囊皮中的次生乳管列数量可知,1~2年内约65%的野生种质通常只能分化出1列次生乳管,而预割能在2个月内诱导新分化出至少1列次生乳管,可见,割胶具有明显的加快野生种质次生乳管分化的能力。史敏晶等在同期也对8年生魏克汉种质进行了预割诱导乳管分化实验（结果已投稿）,发现魏克汉种质的次生乳管诱导效果普遍优于野生种质,这可能与魏克汉种质经过了100多年的人工驯化、定向选择高产种质有关[15, 24-25]。因为根据胶乳产量进行的选择育种,必然会对决定产量的关键因素乳管分化能力这一性状也进行了一定的筛选。
1981'IRRDB野生种质主要来自朗多尼亚州（RO/）、阿克里州（AC/）和马托格罗索州（MT/）三大州。本次研究中来自马托格罗索州（MT/）的15份种质中有4份具有3级乳管分化能力,占据3级分化能力种质的80%;而来自朗多尼亚州（RO/）的41份种质中仅1份具有3级乳管分化能力,由此推测来自马托格罗索州（MT/）的橡胶树野生种质可能具有更好的乳管分化潜能。探险家亨利·魏克汉在亚马孙河流域采集橡胶树种质的区域在上述3个州中恰好是距离马托格罗索州（MT/）更近[25],由此推测高产的魏克汉种质与来自马托格罗索州（MT/）的野生种质的亲缘关系更近。金华斌等[26]对1981'IRRDB野生种质苗期的初生乳管分化能力进行分析,其中来自朗多尼亚州（RO/）的种质表现更好,可见,从选种的角度来看,针对灌木化栽培需要初生乳管分化能力强的种质则可能主要考虑朗多尼亚州 （RO/）,而针对成龄树采胶需要次生乳管分化能力强的种质则可能主要选择马托格罗索州（MT/）。野生种质的遗传背景富于多样性,对野生种质次生乳管分化能力的鉴定和评价可为橡胶树高产育种优良亲本的筛选提供更为广泛的选择。

本研究所用橡胶树种质均由中国热带农业科学院橡胶研究所国家橡胶树种质资源平台提供。

References

Publishing order | Descend order by publishing year | Descend order by cited within
[1]
田维敏, 史敏晶, 谭海燕, 吴继林, 郝秉中. 橡胶树树皮结构与发育[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 2015.

TIAN W M, SHI M J, TAN H Y, WU J L, HAO B Z. Bark structure and development of Hevea brasiliensis[M]. Beijing: Science Press, 2015. (in Chinese)

[2]
BEILEN J B V, POIRIER Y. Establishment of new crops for the production of natural rubber[J]. Trends Biotechnology, 2007, 25: 522-529.

DOI

[3]
SCHMIDT T, LENDERS M, HILLEBRAND A, DEENENNV , GRONOVER CS. Characterization of rubber particles and rubber chain elongation in Taraxacum koksaghyz[J]. BMC Biochemistry, 2010, 11: 11.

DOI

[4]
CORNISH K. Similarities and differences in rubber biochemistry among plant species[J]. Phytochemistry, 2001, 57: 1123-1134.

DOI

[5]
MEN X, WANG F, CHEN G Q, ZHANG H B, XIAN M. Biosynjournal of natural rubber: current state and perspectives[J]. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2019, 20(1): 50.

DOI

[6]
WEBSTER C C, BAULKWILL W J. Rubber[M]. London: Longman Scientific and Technical, 1989.

[7]
赵中奇. 巴西橡胶树在不同生态条件下乳汁管发育的研究[J]. 生物学杂志, 1987, 6(4): 1-6.

ZHAO Z Q. Developmeng of laticifers of Brazil rubber trees under different ecological conditions[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 1987, 6(4): 1-6. (in Chinese)

[8]
郝秉中, 吴继林. 创伤(割胶)对乳管分化的影响[J]. 植物学报, 1982, 24(4): 388-391.

HAO B Z, WU J L. Effects of wound (tapping) on laticifer differentiation in Hevea brasiliensis[J]. Journal of Integrative Plant Biology, 1982, 24(4): 388-391. (in Chinese)

[9]
HAO B Z, WU J L. Laticifer differentiation in Hevea brasiliensis: induction by exogenous jasmonic acid and linolenic acid[J]. Annals of Botany, 2000, 85: 37-43.

[10]
于俊红, 杨曙光, 黄绵佳, 田维敏. 季节、采胶和外源茉莉酸对成龄树橡胶树乳管分化的影响[J]. 热带作物学报, 2007, 28(4): 1-5.

YU J H, YANG S G, HUANG M J, TIAN W M. Effects of season, exploitation and exogenous jasmonic acid on the laticifer differentiation in mature rubber trees[J]. Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, 2007, 28(4): 1-5. (in Chinese)

[11]
曾霞, 胡彦师, 方家林, 黄华孙. 橡胶树1981’IRRDB野生种质主要性状鉴定—1986-1994年大田鉴定区[J]. 植物遗传资源学报, 2007, 8(1): 35-40.

ZENG X, HU Y S, FANG J L, HUANG H S. Main characteristic evaluation of wild Hevea germplasm 1981’IRRDB[J]. Journal of Plant Genetic Resources, 2007, 8(1): 35-40. (in Chinese)

[12]
龙翔宇, 何斌, 王闯, 胡彦师, 秦云霞, 方永军, 唐朝荣. 橡胶树 1981’IRRDB 野生种质及栽培品系ITS序列多态性及其进化分析[J]. 热带作物学报, 2015, 36(12): 2113-2119.

LONG X Y, HE B, WANG C, HU Y S, QIN Y X, FANG Y J, TANG C R. Genetic diversity and phylogenetic evolution among 1981’IRRDB wild germplasm and cultivars using ITS markers in rubber tree[J]. Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, 2015, 36(12): 2113-2119. (in Chinese)

[13]
周钟毓. IRRDB非洲三叶橡胶种质中心1981年种质收集情况[J]. 热带作物译丛, 1987, 2: 1-5.

ZHOU Z Y. Germplasm collection in 1981 of IRRDB trefoil rubber germplasm center in Africa[J]. Translation of Tropical Crops, 1987, 2: 1-5. (in Chinese)

[14]
CLEMENT-DEMANGE A, PRIYADARSHAN P M, THUY HOA T T, VENKATACHALAM P. Hevea rubber breeding and genetics[J]. Plant Breeding Reviews, 2007, 29(6): 177-279.

[15]
SOUZA L M D, GUEN V L, CERQUEIRA-SILVA C B M, SILVA C C, MANTELLO C C, CONSON A R O, VIANNA J P G, ZUCCHI M I, JUNIOR E J S, FIALHO J F, DE MORAES M L T, GONCALVES P S, SOUZA A P D. Genetic diversity strategy for the management and use of rubber genetic resources: more than 1000 wild and cultivated accessions in a 100-genotype core collection[J]. PLoS One, 2015, 10(7): e0134607.

DOI

[16]
黄华孙, 吴云通. 橡胶树育种五十年[M]. 北京: 中国农业出版社, 2005.

HUANG H S, WU Y T. Fifty years of rubber tree breeding[M]. Beijing: China Agriculture Press. 2005. (in Chinese)

[17]
史自强, 胡正海. 植物含胶组织的制片方法[J]. 植物学报, 1965, 13(2): 179-182.

SHI Z Q, HU Z H. Microscopy method of rubber-containing tissue in plant[J]. Journal of Integrative Plant Biology, 1965, 13(2): 179-182. (in Chinese)

[18]
郝秉中, 吴继林. 巴西橡胶树乳管生物学与胶乳生产[J]. 热带作物学报, 2004, 25(4): 1-7.

HAO B Z, WU J L. Biology of laticifers in Hevea and latex production[J]. Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, 2004, 25(4): 1-7. (in Chinese)

[19]
TIAN W M, SHI M J, YU F Y, WU J L, HAO B Z, CUI K M. Localized effects of mechanical wounding and exogenous jasmonic acid on the induction of secondary laticifer differentiation in relation to the distribution of jasmonic acid in Hevea brasiliensis[J]. Acta Botanica Sinica, 2003, 45(11): 1366-1372.

[20]
YU J H, ZENG X, YANG S G, HUANG H S, TIAN W M. Relationship between rate of laticifer differentiation, number of laticifer rows and rubber yield among 1981’IRRDB germplasm collections of Hevea brasiliensis[J]. Journal of Rubber Research, 2008, 11(1): 43-45.

[21]
史敏晶, 杨署光, 张世鑫, 邓顺楠, 何鑫, 陈月异, 田维敏. 橡胶树魏克汉种质萌条机械伤害诱导的次生乳管分化特征[J]. 林业科学, 2020, 56(3): 28-37. (in Chinese)

SHI M J, YANG S G, ZHANG S X, DENG S N, HE X, CHEN Y Y, TIAN W M. Characterization of secondary laticifer differentiation of epicormics shoots induced by mechanical wounding in Wickham germplasm of rubber tree[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2020, 56(3): 28-37. (in Chinese)

[22]
张世鑫, 刘宁涛, 杨署光, 陈月异, 晁金泉, 田维敏. 巴西橡胶树次生乳管分化能力的早期评价方法研究[J]. 热带作物学报, 2018, 39(7): 1266-1275.

ZHANG S X, LIU N T, YANG S G, CHEN Y Y, CHAO J Q, TIAN W M. Early evaluation of secondary laticifer differentiation ability in Hevea brasiliensis[J]. Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, 2018, 39(7): 1266-1275. (in Chinese)

[23]
CHEN Y Y, GAO X S, ZHANG X F, TIAN W M. Relationship between the number of tapping-induced secondary laticifer lines and rubber yield among Hevea germplasm[J]. Frontiers of Agricultural Science & Engineering, 2016, 4: 363-367.

[24]
LIU J, SHI C, SHI C C, LI W, ZHANG Q J, ZHANG Y, LI K, LU F H, SHI C, ZHU S T, XIAO Z Y, YUE Y, ZHU X G, WU Y, HONG X N, FAN G Y, TONG Y, ZHANG D, MAO C L, LIU Y L, HAO S J, LIU W Q, LV M Q, ZHANG H B, LIU Y, HU G R, WANG J P, WANG J H, SUN Y H, NI S B, CHEN W B, ZHANG X C, JIAO Y N, EICHLER E E, LI G H, LIU X, GAO L Z. The chromosome-based rubber tree genome provides new insights into spurge genome evolution and rubber biosynjournal[J]. Molecular Plant, 2020, 13: 336-350.

DOI

[25]
SOUZA L M D, SANTOS L H B D, ROSA J R B F, SILVA C C D, MANTELLO C C, CONSON A R O, SCALOPPI J E J, FIALHO J D F, MORAES M L D, GONCALVES P D S, MARGARIDO G R A, GARCIA A A F, GUEN V L, SOUZA A P D. Linkage disequilibrium and population structure in wild and cultivated populations of rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis)[J]. Frontiers in Plant Science, 2018, 9: 815.

DOI

[26]
金华斌, 田维敏, 史敏晶. 橡胶树1981’IRRDB野生种质苗期初生乳管分化的研究[J]. 热带作物学报, 2017, 38(7): 1181-1187.

JIN H B, TIAN W M, SHI M J. Primary laticifer differentiation in seedling of 1981’IRRDB wild germplasm in rubber tree[J]. Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, 2017, 38(7): 1181-1187. (in Chinese)

Options
Outlines

/

〈 〉

琼ICP备19001573号
Copyright © Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, All Rights Reserved.
Tel: 0898-66989102　E-mail: rdzx136@163.com
Powered by Beijing Magtech Co. Ltd