1 材料与方法
1.1 材料
1.2 方法
1.3 数据处理
2 结果与分析
2.1 不同种植方式与区域差异对土壤指标的影响
表1 不同地区及种植模式下的土壤理化性质及土壤养分含量Tab. 1 Soil physical chemical properties and soil nutrient content in different regions and planting patterns |
| 地区 Area | 种植方式 Planting pattern | pH | 电导率EC /(S·m-1) | 含水量SM /% | 容重BD /(N·m-3) | 有机质SOM /(g·kg-1) | 速效钾AK /(mg·kg-1) | 速效磷AP /(mg·kg-1) | 碱解氮AN /(mg·kg-1) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 陵水 | 槟榔单作(BD) | 5.23±0.02Bc | 109.43±0.21Ca | 6.98±0.29Cb | 1.78±0.04Aa | 18.99±0.17Bb | 72.20±0.94Ba | 23.47±0.20Aa | 56.00±0.81Ca |
| 间作(JZ) | 6.14±0.19Bb | 54.20±10.91Cc | 8.37±0.06Ca | 1.92±0.05Aa | 10.99±1.42Bc | 17.51±10.29Bc | 15.04±1.56Ab | 23.33±6.37Cc | |
| 香露兜单作(XD) | 6.74±0.18Ba | 79.63±10.58Cb | 9.99±0.37Ca | 1.85±0.05Aa | 22.26±1.45Ba | 39.56±10.45Bb | 13.60±1.76Ac | 36.87±5.68Cb | |
| 琼海 | 槟榔单作(BD) | 6.61±0.01Aa | 104.47±0.36Ac | 8.89±0.44Bb | 1.76±0.04Ba | 19.06±0.20Ac | 65.84±0.35Aa | 19.34±0.18Ba | 63.93±1.17Aa |
| 间作(JZ) | 6.58±0.01Aa | 122.40±3.79Ab | 18.54±2.10Ba | 1.65±0.05Ba | 21.24±0.42Ab | 35.62±5.90Ac | 10.09±1.62Bc | 88.20±4.60Ab | |
| 香露兜单作(XD) | 5.31±0.02Ab | 154.67±3.49Aa | 21.04±1.77Ba | 1.66±0.04Ba | 32.73±0.38Aa | 52.37±5.91Ab | 15.28±1.85Bb | 142.33±4.99Aa | |
| 万宁 | 槟榔单作(BD) | 6.15±0.01Ca | 76.13±0.36Bc | 62.66±0.50Aa | 1.25±0.02Cb | 22.06±0.20Aa | 16.34±0.84Cb | 8.86±0.02Cc | 113.40±2.33Ba |
| 间作(JZ) | 5.53±0.12Cb | 123.27±8.81Ba | 53.58±1.04Aa | 1.55±0.02Ca | 15.95±1.04Ab | 20.90±0.98Cb | 11.18±0.53Cb | 68.60±9.37Bb | |
| 香露兜单作(XD) | 5.49±0.12Cb | 94.37±9.10Bb | 56.09±1.09Aa | 1.20±0.04Cb | 15.19±1.21Ab | 32.86±0.94Ca | 16.25±0.50Ca | 77.47±9.97Bb |
注:表中数据为平均值±标准误,不同大小写字母分别表示土壤理化性质在区域间和种植模式间存在显著差异(P<0.05)。 | |
Note: The data in the table are average values ± standard errors. Different uppercase and lowercase letters indicate significant difference in soil physical and chemical properties between regions and planting modes (P<0.05). |
表2 不同处理与地区间土壤理化性质间差异(F值)Tab. 2 Differences in soil physical and chemical properties under different treatments and area (F-value) |
| 处理 Treatments | 酸碱度 pH | 电导率 EC | 含水量 SM | 土壤容重 BD | 有机质 SOM | 速效钾 AK | 速效磷 AP | 碱解氮 AN |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 种植方式 | 58.36*** | 47.16*** | 0.54 | 13.67 | 159.11*** | 480.16*** | 105.78*** | 86.51*** |
| 地区 | 208.16*** | 572.66*** | 166.90*** | 2442.39*** | 180.70*** | 538.39*** | 111.68*** | 501.63*** |
| 种植方式×地区 | 813.93*** | 323.21*** | 2.35 | 38.56 | 120.55*** | 221.68*** | 118.60*** | 162.80*** |
注:***表示极显著相关(P<0.001)。 | |
Note: *** means extremely significant correlation (P<0.001). |
2.2 不同种植方式与区域差异对土壤微生物的影响
图1 不同种植模式下的土壤微生物丰富度与多样性不同大小写字母分别表示微生物指标在区域间和处理间存在显著差异(P<0.05)。 Fig. 1 Soil microbial richness and diversity under different planting patterns Different uppercase and lowercase letters indicates significant difference in microbial indicators between regions and treatments (P<0.05). |
表3 不同处理与地区间土壤微生物间差异(F值)Tab. 3 Differences in soil microorganisms between different treatments and regions (F-value) |
| 处理 Treatments | 细菌丰度 Microbial richness | 真菌丰度 Fungi richness | 细菌多样性 Microbial diversity | 真菌多样性 Fungi diversity |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 种植方式 | 7.02*** | 3.11 | 3.47 | 0.74 |
| 地区 | 100.32*** | 1.04 | 24.95*** | 0.38 |
| 种植方式×地区 | 31.23*** | 0.22 | 11.92*** | 0.71 |
注: ***表示极显著相关(P<0.001)。 | |
Note: *** means extremely significant correlation (P<0.001). |
2.3 土壤理化性质与土壤微生物相关性分析
图2 不同种植模式下土壤微生物群落结构与环境因子相关性分析*表示显著相关(P<0.05),**表示极显著相关(P<0.01),***表示极显著相关(P<0.001)。 Fig. 2 Correlation between soil microbial community structure and environmental factors under different planting patterns * means significant correlation (P<0.05), ** means extremely significant correlation (P<0.01), *** means extremely significant correlation (P<0.001). |
图3 土壤微生物群落结构与土壤理化特性的冗余分析(RDA)A:真菌群落与环境变量间RDA分析;B:细菌群落与环境变量间RDA分析;BD:槟榔单作;JZ:槟榔间作香露兜;XD:香露兜单作。 Fig. 3 Redundant analysis (RDA) of soil microbial community structure and soil physical and chemical properties A: RDA analysis between the fungal community and environmental variables; B: RDA analysis between the bacterial community and environmental variables; BD: Areca catechu L. single cropping, JZ: Areca catechu L. intercropping Pandanus amaryllifolius Roxb., XD: single cropping Pandanus amaryllifolius Roxb. |
表4 环境变量对土壤微生物群落分布的贡献及其显著性Tab. 4 Contributions and significances of environmental variables to soil microbial community compositions |
| 土壤理化因子 Soil properties factors | 真菌 Fungi | 细菌 Bacteria | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 贡献率/% | F | P | 贡献率/% | F | P | |
| SM | 58.60 | 3.90 | 0.036 | 2.70 | 1.60 | 0.228 |
| SOM | 13.00 | 0.90 | 0.426 | 6.80 | 3.80 | 0.060 |
| BD | 7.40 | 0.50 | 0.622 | 0.90 | 0.50 | 0.554 |
| AP | 5.20 | 0.30 | 0.712 | 3.20 | 1.80 | 0.178 |
| AN | 4.40 | 0.30 | 0.786 | 0.20 | 0.10 | 0.830 |
| pH | 5.50 | 0.30 | 0.692 | 57.10 | 18.90 | 0.002 |
| EC | 3.50 | 0.20 | 0.840 | 10.10 | 5.00 | 0.036 |
| AK | 2.40 | 0.10 | 0.860 | 19.00 | 8.00 | 0.014 |
