1 材料与方法
1.1 材料
1.2 方法
1.3 数据处理
2 结果与分析
2.1 土壤真菌群落高通量文库评价
2.2 土壤真菌群落Alpha多样性分析
表1 不同耕作处理对水稻根际土壤真菌Alpha多样性指数的影响Tab. 1 Effects of different tillage treatments on the Alpha diversity index of fungal communities in rice rhizosphere soils |
| 处理 Treatments | Chao 指数 Chao index | Ace指数 Ace index | Shannon指数 Shannon index | Simpson 指数 Simpson index | 文库覆盖率 Coverage/% |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 旋耕 | 289±16.80a | 288±13.65a | 4.240±0.17a | 0.044±0.019a | 99.96±0.002a |
| 免耕 | 289±23.44a | 321.67±37.95a | 4.213±0.29a | 0.047±0.018a | 99.96±0.009a |
| 粉垄 | 332±33.72a | 284.33±24.13a | 4.327±0.06a | 0.033±0.004a | 99.96±0.008a |
注:相同小写字母表示差异不显著(P>0.05)。 | |
Note: The same lowercase letters indicate no significant difference. |
2.3 不同耕作处理OTU分布分析
图1 旋耕、免耕和粉垄处理的水稻根际土壤真菌OTU分布Venn图Venn 图中不同颜色代表不同的处理,圆圈重叠区域标注的数字代表几个样品重复的OTU个数。XG表示旋耕,MG表示免耕,FL表示粉垄栽培。 Fig. 1 OTUs-Venn graph of fungi in rice rhizosphere soils by rotary tillage, no tillage and smash and ridging tillage In the Venn plots different colors represent different treatments, and the numbers in the overlapping areas of the circles represent the number of OTUs repeated for several samples. XG indicated rotary tillage, MG indicated no tillage and FL indicated smash and ridging tillage. |
2.4 不同耕作处理下的土壤真菌群落Beta多样性分析
2.5 真菌群落分布特征分析
图3 旋耕、免耕和粉垄栽培水稻根际土壤真菌菌门物种群落组成多样性分析Fig. 3 Diversity analysis of fungal community composition at phylum level in rice rhizosphere soils under rotation tillage (XG), no tillage (MG) and smash and ridging tillage (FL) |
图4 旋耕、免耕和粉垄栽培水稻根际土壤接合菌门相对丰度差异分析MG:免耕栽培;FL:粉垄栽培;XG:旋耕栽培;**表示样本间的差异显著(P<0.01)。 Fig. 4 Analysis on the relative abundance differences of Zygomycota fungi of rice rhizosphere soil under rotation tillage (XG), no tillage (MG) and smash and ridging tillage (FL) MG: No-till; FL: Smash and ridging tillage; XG: Rotary tillage.** indicates the significant difference among the treatments(P<0.01). |
图5 旋耕、免耕和粉垄栽培水稻根际土壤真菌属水平物种群落组成多样性分析XG表示旋耕,MG表示免耕,FL表示粉垄栽培。 Fig. 5 Diversity analysis of fungal community composition at genus level in rice rhizosphere soils under rotary tillage, no tillage and smash and ridging tillage XG indicated rotary tillage, MG indicated no tillage and FL indicated smash and ridging tillage. |
图6 旋耕、免耕和粉垄栽培水稻根际土壤优势真菌属水平物种相对丰度差异分析XG表示旋耕,MG表示免耕,FL表示粉垄栽培。同一菌属图柱上不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著(P<0.05) Fig. 6 Analysis on the relative abundance differences of dominant fungi at genus level of rice rhizosphere soils under rotary tillage, no tillage and smash and ridging tillage XG indicated rotary tillage, MG indicated no tillage and FL indicated smash and ridging tillage. 同一菌门图柱上不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著(P<0.05) |
2.6 不同耕作处理下的土壤真菌群落与土壤环境因子的关系
图8 基于门水平下不同处理水稻根际土壤理化性质与真菌群落的冗余分析图中不同绿色圆点(MG)、红色正方形(FL)和蓝色三角形(XG)为样本组;黑色箭头代表物种;红色箭头表示环境影响因子,箭头的长短可以代表环境因子对于物种数据的影响程度。 Fig. 8 Redundancy analysis based on soil fungal community at phylum level and physiochemical characteristics of rice rhizosphere soils In the figure, the green dots (MG), red square (FL)和blue triangle (XG) are the sample groups; and the black arrow represents the species, while the red arrow represents the environmental impact factors; and the length of the arrow can represent the impact of environmental factors on the species data. |
表2 不同耕作处理土壤真菌主要菌群与土壤理化性质的Pearson相关性分析Tab. 2 Pearson’s correlation analysis between the predominant flora of soil fungi and soil physicochemical properties under different tillage treatments |
| 真菌门 Fungal phylum | pH | 有机质 Organic matter | 碱解氮 Alkaline hydrolytic nitrogen | 速效磷 Available phosphorus | 速效钾 Available potassium |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 子囊菌门Ascomycota | 0.396 | -0.585 | -0.371 | -0.610 | 0.509 |
| 接合菌门Zygomycota | 0.814** | -0.915** | -0.863** | -0.897** | 0.027 |
| 担子菌门Basidiomycota | -0.452 | 0.589 | 0.411 | 0.717* | -0.294 |
| 球囊菌门Glomeromycota | -0.272 | -0.071 | 0.385 | 0.108 | -0.048 |
| 壶菌门Chytridiomycota | -0.343 | 0.198 | 0.172 | 0.443 | -0.594 |
| 未分类菌门unclassified | -0.722* | 0.364 | 0.629 | 0.545 | -0.119 |
注:*表示显著相关(P<0.05),**表示极显著相关(P<0.01)。 | |
Note: * indicates the significant correlation (P<0.05), ** indicates the very significant correlation (P<0.01). |
