1 材料与方法
1.1 材料
表1 小苍兰不同发育阶段花朵形态特征Tab. 1 Phenotypes of F. hybrida flowers at different developmental stages |
| 花朵发育阶段 Developmental stages | 花朵形态特征 Phenotypes of flowers |
|---|---|
| 花蕾期(S1) | 花蕾膨大并开始显色,长约2 cm,宽约1 cm |
| 初花期(S2) | 花瓣开始伸展,花朵长约3.5 cm,宽约3 cm,初具观赏价值 |
| 盛花期(S3) | 花瓣完全绽放,花朵长约4 cm,宽约5 cm,花色、花型特色完全显现 |
1.2 方法
1.3 数据处理
2 结果与分析
2.1 小苍兰花瓣花色表型鉴定
表2 小苍兰不同发育阶段花色表型参数Tab. 2 Color parameters of F. hybrida at different developmental stages |
| 序号 No. | 品种 Cultivars | 花色 Color | 部位 Position | 阶段 Stage | RSHCC No. | CIE L*a* b* | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| L* | a* | b* | C* | h/(º) | ||||||
| 1 | 上农红台阁 | 红色 | 中上部 | S1 | RSH179A | 31.19 | 28.96 | 12.83 | 31.67 | 0.42 |
| S2 | RSH53C | 36.17 | 44.51 | 21.06 | 49.24 | 0.44 | ||||
| S3 | RSH47A | 36.31 | 43.13 | 30.28 | 52.70 | 0.61 | ||||
| 基部 | S1 | RSH2C | 68.87 | 2.38 | 53.98 | 54.03 | 1.53 | |||
| S2 | RSH13B | 64.21 | 21.70 | 66.11 | 69.58 | 1.25 | ||||
| S3 | RSH13B | 68.21 | 11.88 | 50.30 | 51.68 | 1.34 | ||||
| 2 | Red Passion | 红色 | 中上部 | S1 | RSH53A | 32.59 | 43.77 | 14.66 | 46.16 | 0.32 |
| S2 | RSH45A | 30.81 | 47.68 | 40.16 | 62.33 | 0.70 | ||||
| S3 | RSH45A | 32.07 | 42.26 | 45.94 | 62.41 | 0.83 | ||||
| 基部 | S1 | RSH4A | 50.41 | 12.00 | 29.19 | 31.56 | 1.18 | |||
| S2 | RSH14A | 54.00 | 17.54 | 39.12 | 42.87 | 1.15 | ||||
| S3 | RSH14A | 59.04 | 20.70 | 46.33 | 50.74 | 1.15 | ||||
| 3 | 上农紫玫瑰 | 粉紫色 | 中上部 | S1 | RSHN79C | 32.78 | 41.90 | -16.59 | 45.07 | -0.38 |
| S2 | RSH71A | 35.57 | 48.15 | -16.24 | 50.82 | -0.33 | ||||
| S3 | RSHN74B | 41.66 | 52.01 | -22.56 | 56.69 | -0.41 | ||||
| 基部 | S1 | RSH4A | 75.88 | 1.82 | 27.03 | 27.09 | 1.50 | |||
| S2 | RSH7D | 72.81 | 3.90 | 25.03 | 25.33 | 1.42 | ||||
| S3 | RSH7D | 69.08 | 2.36 | 26.50 | 26.60 | 1.48 | ||||
| 4 | Castor | 蓝紫色 | 中上部 | S1 | RSH72B | 27.42 | 28.97 | -18.64 | 34.44 | -0.57 |
| S2 | RSH77A | 34.14 | 30.93 | -19.29 | 36.45 | -0.56 | ||||
| S3 | RSH83B | 40.99 | 35.08 | -22.00 | 41.40 | -0.56 | ||||
| 基部 | S1 | RSH80D | 54.88 | 1.98 | 14.96 | 15.09 | 1.44 | |||
| S2 | RSH2C | 71.59 | 1.36 | 26.43 | 26.46 | 1.52 | ||||
| S3 | RSH2C | 74.65 | 3.23 | 24.03 | 24.25 | 1.44 | ||||
| 5 | Soleil | 黄色 | S1 | RSH150B | 74.40 | 2.97 | 58.12 | 58.19 | 1.52 | |
| S2 | RSH14A | 77.89 | 3.37 | 49.34 | 49.46 | 1.50 | ||||
| S3 | RSH7D | 79.89 | 4.68 | 50.38 | 50.60 | 1.48 | ||||
| 6 | Versailles | 白色 | S1 | RSH150B | 72.30 | -4.64 | 31.52 | 31.86 | -1.42 | |
| S2 | RSH145C | 84.63 | 1.54 | 15.25 | 15.33 | 1.47 | ||||
| S3 | RSH155D | 83.45 | 2.30 | 6.63 | 7.01 | 1.24 | ||||
2.2 小苍兰花瓣色素的颜色反应
表3 小苍兰花瓣色素类型测试的颜色反应Tab. 3 Color reaction of pigment types in F. hybrida petals |
| 序号 No. | 品种 Cultivar | 石油醚 Petroleum | 10 %盐酸 10 %HCl | 30%氨水 30%NH3·H2O | 色素类型 Pigment type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 上农红台阁 | 淡黄色 | 红色 | 黄色 | 类胡萝卜素、花色苷和黄酮 |
| 2 | Red Passion | 淡黄色 | 橙红色 | 黄色 | 类胡萝卜素、花色苷和黄酮 |
| 3 | 上农紫玫瑰 | 淡黄色 | 粉红色 | 黄色 | 类胡萝卜素、花色苷和黄酮 |
| 4 | Castor | 无色 | 粉紫色 | 黄色 | 花色苷和黄酮 |
| 5 | Soleil | 无色 | 黄色 | 黄色 | 黄酮 |
| 6 | Versailles | 无色 | 无色 | 淡黄色 | 黄酮 |
2.3 小苍兰花瓣花黄色素成分分析
表4 小苍兰花瓣中花黄色素组分鉴定Tab. 4 Identification of anthoxanthins component from F. hybrida petals |
| 成分 Component | 保留时间 Retention time/min | 准分子离子 Quasi-molecular ions (m/z) | 碎片离子 Fragment ions (m/z) | 化合物结构鉴定 Tentative identification |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 10.76 | 315 | 300 | isorhamnetin* |
| 2 | 10.50 | 285 | 151 | kaempferol* |
| 3 | 8.97 | 301 | 107 | quercetin* |
| 4 | 5.64 | 609 | 301 | quercetin 3-O-rutinoside* |
| 5 | 5.79 | 463 | 301 | quercetin 3-O-galactoside* |
| 6 | 5.90 | 463 | 301 | quercetin-G |
| 7 | 3.86 | 477 | 301 | quercetin-Gr |
| 8 | 4.00 | 447 | 285 | kaempferol-G |
| 9 | 5.90 | 461 | 285 | kaempferol-Gr |
| 10 | 4.35 | 461 | 315 | isorhammetin-R |
| 11 | 7.71 | 433 | 271 | naringenin-G |
| 12 | 6.65 | 447 | 271 | naringenin-Gr |
| 13 | 5.38 | 445 | 269 | baicalein-Gr |
注:*表示经由标品鉴定;-G:-葡萄糖苷;-Gr:-葡萄糖醛酸苷;-R:-鼠李糖苷。 | |
Note: * stands for compounds identified by standards; -G: -glucoside; -Gr: -glucuronide; -R: -rhamnoside. |
2.4 小苍兰花瓣开放过程中黄酮及黄酮醇含量变化
图3 小苍兰开花过程中花瓣总黄酮及黄酮醇含量SH:上农红台阁;RP:Red Passion;CA:Castor;SP:上农紫玫瑰;SO:Soleil;VE:Versailles。不同小写字母代表在0.05水平差异显著。 Fig. 3 Total flavone and flavonol content of petals of F. hybrida during flowering stages SH: SN Hongtaige; RP: Red Passion; CA: Castor; SP: SN Purple Rose; SO: Soleil; VE: Versailles. Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference at the 0.05 level. |
表5 小苍兰花瓣黄酮及黄酮醇组分所占比例Tab. 5 Distribution of flavone and flavonol components in petals of F. hybrida |
| 品种 Cultivar | 阶段 Stage | 各组分所占比例 Distribution of components/% | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| K | I | Q | N | ||
| 上农红台阁 | S1 | 5.79 | 2.74 | 71.14 | 20.32 |
| S2 | 7.29 | 3.39 | 70.84 | 18.49 | |
| S3 | 11.78 | 5.26 | 72.58 | 10.38 | |
| Red Passion | S1 | 3.98 | 2.94 | 83.82 | 9.26 |
| S2 | 4.38 | 3.30 | 86.14 | 6.18 | |
| S3 | 7.75 | 4.27 | 73.34 | 14.64 | |
| Castor | S1 | 3.98 | 3.08 | 80.13 | 12.81 |
| S2 | 3.84 | 2.99 | 81.81 | 11.36 | |
| S3 | 4.25 | 3.31 | 82.88 | 9.56 | |
| 上农紫玫瑰 | S1 | 5.75 | 4.48 | 79.48 | 10.28 |
| S2 | 8.34 | 6.59 | 76.37 | 8.71 | |
| S3 | 9.10 | 7.20 | 74.87 | 8.83 | |
| Soleil | S1 | 19.58 | L | 80.42 | L |
| S2 | 22.40 | L | 77.60 | L | |
| S3 | 24.11 | L | 75.89 | L | |
| Versailles | S1 | 12.87 | L | 87.13 | L |
| S2 | 13.62 | L | 86.38 | L | |
| S3 | 13.73 | L | 86.27 | L | |
注:K:山萘酚及山萘酚糖苷;I:异鼠李素及异鼠李素糖苷;Q:槲皮素及槲皮素糖苷;N:柚皮素及柚皮素糖苷。L:低于检测限。 | |
Note: K: Kaempferol and kaempferol glycosides; I: Isorhamnetin and isorhamnetin glycosides; Q: Quercetin and quercetin glycosides; N: Naringenin and naringenin glycosides; L: Below the limit of detection. |
图4 复色品种小苍兰中上部与基部花瓣盛花期的总黄酮及黄酮醇含量SH:上农红台阁;RP:Red Passion;CA:Castor;SP:上农紫玫瑰;**表示差异极显著(P<0.01);*表示差异显著(P<0.05)。 Fig. 4 Total flavone and flavonol content in top and base petals of multicolor F. hybrida cultivars in flowering stage SH: SN Hongtaige; RP: Red Passion; CA: Castor; SP: SN Purple Rose; ** means extremely significant difference at the 0.01 level; * means significant difference at the 0.05 level. |
表6 复色品种小苍兰中上部与基部花瓣盛花期的黄酮及黄酮醇组分所占比例Tab. 6 Distribution of flavone and flavonol components in top and base petals of multicolor F. hybrida cultivars in flowering stage |
| 序号 No. | 品种 Cultivar | 部位 Position | 各组分所占比例 Distribution of components/% | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| K | I | Q | N | |||
| 1 | 上农红台阁 | T | 5.79 | 2.74 | 71.14 | 20.32 |
| B | 10.72 | 5.34 | 78.95 | 4.99 | ||
| 2 | Red Passion | T | 3.98 | 2.94 | 83.82 | 9.26 |
| B | 8.68 | 5.47 | 79.99 | 5.87 | ||
| 3 | Castor | T | 3.98 | 3.08 | 80.13 | 12.81 |
| B | 8.47 | 6.75 | 81.66 | 3.13 | ||
| 4 | 上农紫玫瑰 | T | 5.75 | 4.48 | 79.48 | 10.28 |
| B | 11.26 | 8.97 | 78.49 | 1.28 | ||
注:T:中上部花瓣;B:基部花瓣。K:山萘酚及山萘酚糖苷;I:异鼠李素及异鼠李素糖苷;Q:槲皮素及槲皮素糖苷;N:柚皮素及柚皮素糖苷。 | |
Note: T: Top petals; B: Base petals; K: Kaempferol and kaempferol glycosides; I: Isorhamnetin and isorhamnetin glycosides; Q: Quercetin and quercetin glycosides; N: Naringenin and naringenin glycosides. |
表7 小苍兰花瓣表型参数与黄酮及黄酮醇含量相关性Tab. 7 Correction between color parameters and flavone and flavonol content of F. hybrida |
| 项目 Item | 皮尔逊相关系数Pearson correlation coefficient | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| K | I | Q | N | TF | |
| L* | -0.604** | -0.963** | -0.878** | -0.759** | -0.890** |
| a* | 0.569* | 0.925** | 0.697** | 0.555* | 0.709** |
| b* | 0.520 | 0.031 | -0.061 | -0.018 | 0.003 |
| C* | 0.547* | 0.428 | 0.234 | 0.107 | 0.245 |
注:**表示在0.01水平上极显著相关;*表示在0.05水平上显著相关。K:山萘酚及山萘酚糖苷;I:异鼠李素及异鼠李素糖苷;Q:槲皮素及槲皮素糖苷;N:柚皮素及柚皮素糖苷;TF:总黄酮及黄酮醇含量。 | |
Note: ** means extremely significant correlation at the 0.01 level; * means significant correlation at the 0.05 level; K: Kaempferol and kaempferol glycosides; I: Isorhamnetin and isorhamnetin glycosides; Q: Quercetin and quercetin glycosides; N: Naringenin and naringenin glycosides; TF: Total flavone and flavonol content. |
