1 材料与方法
1.1 材料
表1 土壤基础指标Tab. 1 Soil basic indicators |
| 土层 Soil layer/cm | 土壤pH Soil pH | 有机质 Soil organic matter/(g·kg‒1) | 碱解氮 Available N/(mg·kg‒1) | 速效磷 Available P/(mg·kg‒1) | 速效钾 Available K/(mg·kg‒1) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0~20 | 5.26 | 4.36 | 2.63 | 25.50 | 21.02 |
| 20~40 | 4.98 | 2.82 | 2.49 | 15.18 | 20.49 |
1.2 方法
表2 田间试验施肥方案Tab. 2 Field trial fertilization scheme |
| 处理 Treatment | 施肥量 Fertilization amount/(kg·hm‒2) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 有机肥 Organic fertilizer | 氮肥 Nitrogen fertilizer (N) | 磷肥 Phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) | 钾肥 Potassium fertilizer (K2O) | |
| CK | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| H2 | 0.00 | 124.03 | 37.07 | 123.08 |
| H4 | 0.00 | 124.03 | 37.07 | 123.08 |
| T2 | 1621.27 | 99.22 | 0.00 | 89.84 |
| T4 | 1621.27 | 99.22 | 0.00 | 89.84 |
| SH2 | 0.00 | 124.03 | 37.07 | 123.08 |
| SH4 | 0.00 | 124.03 | 37.07 | 123.08 |
1.3 数据处理
2 结果与分析
2.1 不同施肥模式对芒果产量的影响
表3 不同施肥模式下‘台农’产量及肥料产出率Tab. 3 ‘Tainong’ yield and fertilizer output rate under different fertilization patterns |
| 处理 Treatment | 产量 Yield/(t·hm‒2) | 肥料产出率 Fertilizer yield/(g·g‒1) | 增产率 Yield increase/% |
|---|---|---|---|
| CK | 6.32±1.21c | ||
| H2 | 15.57±1.81b | 110.72±12.90b | 146.36 |
| H4 | 16.48±1.74ab | 117.14±12.35ab | 160.76 |
| T2 | 19.03±2.02a | 135.31±14.33a | 201.11 |
| T4 | 19.14±0.44a | 136.03±3.15a | 202.85 |
| SH2 | 17.49±1.76ab | 124.32±12.52ab | 176.74 |
| SH4 | 19.19±1.45a | 136.43±10.28a | 203.64 |
注:同列数据后不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)。 | |
Note: Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference after data in the same column (P<0.05). |
2.2 不同施肥模式对芒果果实形态指标和可食率的影响
表4 不同施肥模式下芒果果实形态指标及果实可食率Tab. 4 Mango fruit morphology index and fruit edibility under different fertilization patterns |
| 处理 Treatment | 果长 Fruit length/mm | 果横径 Fruit transverse diameter/mm | 果厚 Fruit thickness/mm | 果型指数 Fruit index | 可食率 Edible rate/% |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CK | 75.15±1.46c | 50.52±0.11c | 41.73±0.12d | 1.49±0.03b | 59.76±10.73a |
| H2 | 103.72±2.54ab | 66.95±1.96b | 55.27±1.87bc | 1.55±0.04ab | 60.85±6.54a |
| H4 | 106.47±2.68ab | 69.40±0.64a | 57.32±0.38a | 1.53±0.05ab | 66.21±2.42a |
| T2 | 105.93±1.92ab | 68.26±1.65ab | 55.66±1.15abc | 1.55±0.03ab | 66.20±2.12a |
| T4 | 107.56±2.39a | 69.04±0.69a | 56.68±1.06ab | 1.56±0.04ab | 63.51±1.73a |
| SH2 | 103.41±1.93b | 66.98±0.35b | 54.92±0.21bc | 1.54±0.03ab | 61.91±2.37a |
| SH4 | 106.62±1.49ab | 66.60±0.81b | 54.61±0.89c | 1.60±0.03a | 64.70±1.86a |
注:同列数据后不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)。 | |
Note: Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference after data in the same column (P<0.05). |
2.3 不同施肥模式对芒果果实品质的影响
表5 不同施肥模式下果实品质Tab. 5 Fruit quality under different fertilization Patterns |
| 处理 Treatment | Vc /(mg·100 g‒1) | 总酸 Total acid/(g·kg‒1) | 可溶性固形物 Soluble solid/% | 可溶性糖 Soluble sugar/(g·kg‒1) | 糖酸比 Sugar acid ratio | 固酸比 Solid acid ratio |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CK | 15.55±1.35a | 9.43±0.75a | 16.54±0.03c | 135.47±33.43a | 14.33±3.00c | 17.62±1.43c |
| H2 | 15.95±1.39a | 3.92±0.73b | 18.27±0.23ab | 143.13±17.73a | 37.69±10.48b | 47.83±9.36b |
| H4 | 15.12±1.61a | 2.26±0.15c | 18.13±0.12ab | 150.21±10.47a | 66.91±8.63a | 80.53±4.77a |
| T2 | 18.67±1.37a | 2.07±0.25c | 17.40±0.35bc | 144.13±14.08a | 70.52±10.87a | 85.02±9.23a |
| T4 | 17.59±1.54a | 2.20±0.33c | 18.27±0.23ab | 149.34±0.99a | 69.13±11.45a | 84.44±12.82a |
| SH2 | 17.43±1.10a | 2.16±0.45c | 18.53±1.22ab | 149.84±11.14a | 71.02±10.80a | 88.03±14.78a |
| SH4 | 17.13±3.36a | 2.00±0.20c | 18.93±1.01a | 166.68±4.49a | 83.88±9.49a | 95.56±14.78a |
注:同列数据后不同小写字母表示差异显著(P < 0.05)。 | |
Note: Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference after data in the same column (P < 0.05). |
2.4 芒果果实品质综合评价
表6 提取的主成分特征值、贡献率及累计贡献率Tab. 6 Extracted principal component eigenvalue, contribution rate and cumulative contribution rate |
| 指标Index | 主成分 Principal component | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Y1 | Y2 | Y3 | |
| 产量(X1) | 0.92 | ‒0.03 | 0.07 |
| 可食率(X2) | 0.38 | ‒0.76 | ‒0.42 |
| 果形指数(X3) | 0.70 | 0.19 | 0.20 |
| 果实Vc (X4) | 0.53 | ‒0.09 | 0.75 |
| 总酸(X5) | ‒0.95 | 0.15 | 0.06 |
| 可溶性固形物(X6) | 0.71 | 0.23 | ‒0.21 |
| 可溶性糖(X7) | 0.48 | 0.71 | ‒0.35 |
| 糖酸比(X8) | 0.95 | ‒0.03 | ‒0.08 |
| 固酸比(X9) | 0.96 | ‒0.10 | 0.01 |
| 特征值 | 5.21 | 1.22 | 0.96 |
| 贡献率/% | 57.90 | 13.55 | 10.62 |
| 累计贡献率/% | 57.90 | 71.44 | 82.07 |
表7 不同处理果实各项指标的主成分得分Tab. 7 Principal component scores of various fruit indicators under different treatments |
| 处理 Treatment | Y1 | Y2 | Y3 | Y | 得分排序 Score sorting |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CK | ‒4.81 | 0.09 | 0.08 | ‒2.77 | 7 |
| H2 | ‒0.98 | 0.37 | 0.06 | ‒0.51 | 6 |
| H4 | 0.39 | ‒0.40 | ‒1.03 | 0.06 | 5 |
| T2 | 0.98 | ‒0.92 | 0.75 | 0.52 | 4 |
| T4 | 1.12 | ‒0.06 | 0.30 | 0.67 | 2 |
| SH2 | 0.99 | 0.19 | 0.21 | 0.62 | 3 |
| SH4 | 2.31 | 0.72 | ‒0.38 | 1.39 | 1 |
2.5 不同施肥模式经济效益分析
表8 经济效益表Tab. 8 Economic benefits table |
| 处理 Treatment | 价格 Price/(yuan·kg‒1) | 果实产值 Fruit production value /(yuan·hm‒2) | 总成本 Total cost /(yuan·hm‒2) | 经济效益 Economic benefit /(yuan·hm‒2) | 经济效益增加幅度 Increase in economic benefits/% |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CK | 10 | 63 207.67±12 091.36c | 18 562.50 | 44 645.17±12 091.36d | |
| H2 | 10 | 155 743.50±18 145.21b | 30 980.31 | 124 763.19±18 145.21c | 179.46 |
| H4 | 10 | 164 785.50±17 373.52ab | 30 980.31 | 133 805.19±17 373.52bc | 199.71 |
| T2 | 10 | 190 341.25±20 162.61a | 32 945.81 | 157 395.44±20 162.61ab | 252.55 |
| T4 | 10 | 191 350.50±4 427.51a | 32 945.81 | 158 404.69±4 427.51ab | 254.81 |
| SH2 | 10 | 174 878.00±17 613.49ab | 28 130.31 | 146 747.69±17 613.49abc | 228.70 |
| SH4 | 10 | 191 919.75±10 221.75a | 28 130.31 | 163 789.44±10 221.75a | 266.87 |
注:同列数据后不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)。 | |
Note: Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference after data in the same column (P<0.05). |
