1 材料与方法
1.1 材料
1.2 方法
表1 L9(34)正交实验因素水平Tab. 1 Factors and levels of L9(34) orthogonal experiment |
| 水平 Levels | 因素Factors | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (A)浸泡温度 Soaking temperature/℃ | (B)浸泡时间 Soaking time/h | (C)发芽温度 Soaking temperature/℃ | (D)培养时间Culture time/h | |
| 1 | 20 | 12 | 25 | 12 |
| 2 | 25 | 18 | 30 | 18 |
| 3 | 30 | 24 | 35 | 24 |
表2 响应面实验因素水平Tab. 2 Factors and levels tabel of response surface experiment |
| 水平 Levels | 因素 Factors | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| (A)Ca2+浓度 Ca2+ concentration /(mmol·L-1) | (B)L-Glu浓度 L-Glu concentration /(mmol·L-1) | (C)培养时间 Culture time/h | |
| -1 | 40 | 10 | 18 |
| 0 | 60 | 20 | 24 |
| 1 | 80 | 30 | 30 |
1.3 数据处理
2 结果与分析
2.1 浸泡与培养条件对发芽紫糙米GABA和花色苷含量的影响
图1 浸泡温度对GABA和花色苷含量的影响不同大写字母表示不同浸泡温度的GABA含量差异显著(P<0.05),不同小写字母表示不同浸泡温度的花色苷含量差异显著(P<0.05)。 Fig. 1 Effect of soaking temperature on contents of GABA and anthocyanin Different uppercase letters indicate significant difference in GABA content at different soaking temperatures (P<0.05), and different lowercase letters indicate significant difference in anthocyanin content at different soaking temperatures (P<0.05). |
图3 浸泡时间对GABA和花色苷含量的影响不同大写字母表示不同浸泡时间的GABA含量差异显著(P<0.05),不同小写字母表示不同浸泡时间的花色苷含量差异显著(P<0.05)。 Fig. 3 Effect of soaking time on contents of GABA and anthocyanin Different uppercase letters indicate significant difference in GABA content at different soaking time (P<0.05), and different lowercase letters indicate significant difference in anthocyanin content at different soaking time (P<0.05). |
图5 培养温度对GABA和花色苷含量的影响不同大写字母表示不同培养温度的GABA含量差异显著(P<0.05),不同小写字母表示不同培养温度的花色苷含量差异显著(P<0.05)。 Fig. 5 Effect of culture temperature on contents of GABA and anthocyanin Different uppercase letters indicate significant difference in GABA content between at culture temperatures (P<0.05), and different lowercase letters indicate significant difference in anthocyanin content at different culture temperatures (P<0.05). |
图7 培养时间对GABA和花色苷含量的影响不同大写字母表示不同培养时间的GABA含量差异显著(P<0.05),不同小写字母表示不同培养时间的花色苷含量差异显著(P<0.05)。 Fig. 7 Effect of culture time on contents of GABA and anthocyanin Different uppercase capital letters indicate significant differences in GABA content at different culture time (P<0.05), and different lowercase letters indicate significant differences in anthocyanin content at different culture time (P<0.05). |
2.2 正交优化实验结果分析
表3 L9(34)正交实验结果Tab. 3 Results of L9(34) orthogonal experiment |
| 试验号 Test order | A/℃ | B/h | C/℃ | D/h | GABA含量 GABA content/(μg·g-1) | 花色苷含量 Anthocyanin content/(μg·g-1) | 综合评分 Comprehensie score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 1(20) | 1(12) | 1(25) | 1(12) | 40.27 | 1335.71 | 0.40 |
| 2 | 1 | 2(18) | 2(30) | 2(18) | 69.00 | 1099.80 | 0.62 |
| 3 | 1 | 3(24) | 3(35) | 3(24) | 71.73 | 1045.49 | 0.60 |
| 4 | 2(25) | 1 | 2 | 3 | 65.01 | 1098.95 | 0.55 |
| 5 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 50.29 | 1145.62 | 0.33 |
| 6 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 60.46 | 1192.29 | 0.59 |
| 7 | 3(30) | 1 | 3 | 2 | 69.57 | 1078.79 | 0.60 |
| 8 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 65.72 | 1122.71 | 0.59 |
| 9 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 63.21 | 1153.26 | 0.59 |
| K1 | 1.62 | 1.57 | 1.58 | 1.32 | |||
| K2 | 1.46 | 1.54 | 1.75 | 1.82 | |||
| K3 | 1.78 | 1.77 | 1.53 | 1.74 | |||
| k1 | 0.54 | 0.52 | 0.53 | 0.44 | A3B3C2D2 | ||
| k2 | 0.49 | 0.51 | 0.58 | 0.61 | |||
| k3 | 0.59 | 0.59 | 0.51 | 0.58 | |||
| R | 0.11 | 0.07 | 0.07 | 0.17 |
表4 正交实验方差分析结果Tab. 4 Variance analysis results of orthogonal experiment |
| 来源 Source | 平方和 Sum of squares | 自由度 df | 均方 Mean square | F值 F value | P值 P value | 显著性 Significant |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 校正模型 | 0.431 | 8 | 0.054 | 10.354 | 0.000 | ** |
| 截距 | 7.336 | 1 | 7.336 | 1.411E3 | 0.000 | |
| 浸泡温度 | 0.072 | 2 | 0.036 | 6.897 | 0.006 | ** |
| 浸泡时间 | 0.056 | 2 | 0.028 | 5.350 | 0.015 | * |
| 培养温度 | 0.049 | 2 | 0.024 | 4.693 | 0.023 | * |
| 培养时间 | 0.254 | 2 | 0.127 | 24.474 | 0.000 | ** |
| 误差项 | 0.094 | 18 | 0.005 | |||
| 总和 | 7.860 | 27 | ||||
| 校正总和 | 0.524 | 26 |
注:*表示差异显著(P<0.05),**表示差异极显著(P<0.01)。 | |
Note: * indicates significant difference (P<0.05), ** indicates extremely significant difference (P<0.01). |
2.3 金属离子对发芽紫糙米GABA和花色苷含量的影响
2.4 谷氨酸钠、谷氨酸对发芽紫糙米GABA和花色苷含量的影响
2.5 响应面优化实验结果与分析
表5 响应面实验结果Tab. 5 Results of response surface experiment |
| 试验号 Test order | A/(mmol·L-1) | B/(mmol·L-1) | C/h | GABA含量 GABA content/(μg·g-1) | 花色苷含量 Anthocyanin content/(μg·g-1) | 综合评分 Comprehensive score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 0(60) | -1(10) | 1(30) | 161.34 | 1188.90 | 0.56 |
| 2 | 1(80) | 0(20) | -1(18) | 154.31 | 1212.53 | 0.59 |
| 3 | 0 | 1(30) | 1 | 170.12 | 1196.54 | 0.69 |
| 4 | 0 | 0 | 0(24) | 175.47 | 1214.73 | 0.83 |
| 5 | -1(40) | -1 | 0 | 125.12 | 1165.99 | 0.06 |
| 6 | -1 | 1 | 0 | 149.12 | 1209.27 | 0.51 |
| 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 179.19 | 1222.00 | 0.90 |
| 8 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 175.65 | 1229.63 | 0.90 |
| 9 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 176.56 | 1227.09 | 0.90 |
| 10 | -1 | 0 | 1 | 154.81 | 1216.90 | 0.61 |
| 11 | -1 | 0 | -1 | 145.08 | 1224.54 | 0.54 |
| 12 | 0 | 1 | -1 | 148.64 | 1244.91 | 0.66 |
| 13 | 1 | -1 | 0 | 160.12 | 1150.71 | 0.39 |
| 14 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 175.65 | 1237.27 | 0.93 |
| 15 | 0 | -1 | -1 | 152.83 | 1204.18 | 0.53 |
| 16 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 178.91 | 1212.18 | 0.86 |
| 17 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 150.68 | 1201.63 | 0.50 |
表6 对综合评分回归方程各项方差分析Tab. 6 Regression analysis of regression equation on comprehensive score |
| 来源 Source | 平方和 Sum of squares | 自由度 df | 均方 Mean square | F值 F value | P值 P value | 显著性 Significant |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 模型 | 0.800 | 9 | 0.089 | 20.18 | 0.0003 | ** |
| A(Ca2+浓度) | 0.052 | 1 | 0.052 | 11.77 | 0.011 | * |
| B(L-Glu浓度) | 0.084 | 1 | 0.084 | 19.00 | 0.0033 | ** |
| C(培养时间) | 0.025 | 1 | 0.025 | 5.70 | 0.0484 | * |
| AB | 0.029 | 1 | 0.029 | 6.49 | 0.0383 | * |
| AC | 0.014 | 1 | 0.014 | 3.11 | 0.1212 | |
| BC | 4.000E-006 | 1 | 4.000E-006 | 9.084E-004 | 0.9768 | |
| A2 | 0.240 | 1 | 0.240 | 53.37 | 0.0002 | ** |
| B2 | 0.330 | 1 | 0.330 | 74.84 | < 0.0001 | ** |
| C2 | 4.424E-004 | 1 | 4.424E-004 | 0.10 | 0.7605 | |
| 残差 | 0.031 | 7 | 4.403E-003 | |||
| 失拟项 | 0.025 | 3 | 8.308E-003 | 5.63 | 0.0641 | |
| 纯误差项 | 5.898E-003 | 4 | 1.474E-003 | |||
| 校正总和 | 0.830 | 16 |
注:*表示差异显著(P<0.05),**表示差异极显著(P<0.01)。 | |
Note: * indicates significant difference (P<0.05), ** indicates extremely significant difference (P<0.01). |
