Two New Record Species of Dematiaceous Hyphomycetes in China and Mainland China, Respectively

QIAN Zhengmin; XIAO Zhongjiu; LI Xiaoxia; LIU Ting; SONG Peiyong; WANG Shuangshuang; ZHANG Jie

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2020.12.020

Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops >

2020 , Vol. 41 >Issue 12: 2513 - 2516

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2020.12.020

Plant Protection & Bio-safety

Two New Record Species of Dematiaceous Hyphomycetes in China and Mainland China, Respectively

QIAN Zhengmin ¹^,² ,
XIAO Zhongjiu ¹^,²^,³ ,
LI Xiaoxia ^,¹^,²^,^* ,
LIU Ting ¹^,² ,
SONG Peiyong ¹^,² ,
WANG Shuangshuang ¹^,² ,
ZHANG Jie ¹

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1. College of Biological and Agricultural Science and Technology, Zunyi Normal University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563002, China
2. Key Laboratory of Regional Characteristic for Conservation and Utilization of Plant Resource in Chishui River Basin, Zunyi, Guizhou 563002, China
3. College of Resources and Environment, Zunyi Normal University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563002, China

*LI Xiaoxia,E-mail： xzj198099@163.com

Received date: 2019-06-28

Request revised date: 2020-03-02

Online published: 2020-12-25

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Abstract

To survey the population of dematiaceous hyphomycetes of a subtropical forest in Xishui National Nature Reserve in Guizhou, dematiacous hyphomycetes was sampled from decaying twigs. The hyphae after cultivation was observed. Virgatospora echinofibrosa (HMZNC0346) is described as a new record species from mainland China, Domingoella caesalpiniae (HMZNC0370) is described as a newly recorded from China. The species are described and illustrated. The examined specimens are deposited in the Mycological Herbarium of Zunyi Normal College (HMZNC).

Key words： Dematiaceous hyphomycetes; morphology; identification

Cite this article

QIAN Zhengmin , XIAO Zhongjiu , LI Xiaoxia , LIU Ting , SONG Peiyong , WANG Shuangshuang , ZHANG Jie . Two New Record Species of Dematiaceous Hyphomycetes in China and Mainland China, Respectively[J]. Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, 2020 , 41(12) : 2513 -2516 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2020.12.020

Virgatospora属是Finley于1967年在马来西亚、新几内亚、巴拿马和塞拉利昂的可可属植物Theobroma Linn. 的枯枝上获得,并以V. echinofibrosa Finley作为模式种建立的^[1]。随后,2002年 D’Souza等在中安达曼岛的Calamus thwaitesii Becc. 枯叶上分离出该属的第2株菌株,并命名为V. natarajanensis D’Souza, S. K. Singh & Bhat^[2]。该属目前为止共有2个种被报道,典型特征包括分生孢子梗束生,顶端常分散且具分枝;产孢细胞单瓶梗式产孢;分生孢子顶生,椭圆形,梭形或柠檬形,两端各具1个乳头状突起,有许多非常清晰的纵向脊或条纹,成熟时常出现3个隔膜。该属在载孢体、产孢方式及分生孢子形状上与Didymostilbe Henn.^[3]和Albosynnema E. F. Morris^[4]2个属极为相似,但Didymostilbe的分生孢子常以球形或半球形的方式聚集在分生孢子梗顶端,透明至半透明,1至多个横隔膜,两端钝圆,无纵向条纹;Albosynnema的分生孢子常以球形或半球形方式聚集在分生孢子梗顶部,黑色,基部平截,多个横隔膜,无纵向条纹。根据本菌株（HMZNC0346）的特征将其归于Virgatospora。

Domingoella属由Petrak等^[5]在1932年以D. asterinarum Petr. & Cif. 作为模式种建立。在1949年和1953年分别由Hansford和Batista发现了D. deightonii Hansf.^[6]和D. pycnopeltarum Bat.2个种,但Hughes^[7]在1983年根据分生孢子的形状、基部着生的小乳突及分生孢子的大小认为,D. asterinarum=D. pycnopeltarum,应该是同种异名。在1972年Ellis发现了D. albiziae M. B. Ellis和D. leonensis M. B. Ellis这2个新种^[8],但在1979年,Hughes^[9]发现这2个种的分生孢子的脱落方式为破生式,因此将其移出,归入Endophragmiella内,并分别命名为E. albiziae (M. B. Ellis) S. Hughes和E. leonensis (M. B. Ellis) S. Hughes。在1980年、1986年和2013年又陆续发现了D. caesalpiniae A. K. Sarbhoy & Saikia、D. arctostaphyli P. M. Kirk和D. indopiptadeniae Mall & Aj. Kumar^[10,11,12]3个种。因此目前该属共包含5个确定种。此属主要特征为：分生孢子梗粗大,单生,不分枝,壁光滑,具明显的及顶式层出。产孢细胞单芽生,合生,端生。分生孢子单芽生,顶生,椭球至球形,无隔膜,壁光滑,基部有一圆柱状突起。Acrogenospora M. B. Ellis^[13]在分生孢子梗的形状、产孢方式及分生孢子形态上与本属较为相似,但Acrogenospora的分生孢子基部平截,无圆柱状突起。根据菌株（HMZNC 0370）的特征,将其归于Domingoella。

1 材料与方法

在贵州习水国家自然保护区内的不同海拔、阴暗面、不同植被下采集枯枝标本,带回实验室,裁剪成7~8 cm的小段,置于放有湿润吸水纸的培养皿中,在25 ℃培养箱中保湿培养2周,备用。

用细挑针在体视显微镜下挑取其上发育完全的暗色丝孢菌载孢体及分生孢子,置于滴有乳酚油的载玻片上,选择合格的制成永久玻片,在生物显微镜下拍照,用Adobe Photoshop软件组图、Image-Pro Plus 6.0软件测量,对其基本特征进行描述,最后通过查阅相关的书籍、文献对菌种进行属、种的鉴定。

2 结果与讨论

**2.1 Virgatospora echinofibrosa Finley**

菌落不规则分散,橄榄色至暗橄榄色。菌丝体部分表生,由光滑、具隔、分枝,浅色的菌丝组成。子座无。刚毛和附着枝缺失。孢梗束由紧密平行排列的孢子梗组成,圆柱形,个别部位较宽,高达1.96 mm,浅橄榄色至暗橄榄色,中部常产生0~2个膨大的区域,最宽可达158 μm,顶部较分散展开,宽47.5~247.0 μm,中部宽35~ 103 μm,基部宽50.0~120.5 μm,浅橄榄色（图1 A、图1B）。分生孢子梗粗大,束生,直立,直或弯曲,浅橄榄色至暗橄榄色,具隔,壁下部较光滑,顶部具小的刺突,最长达1.96 mm,中部宽2.0~4.5 μm,上部具明显的多次不规则分枝（图1 B）。产孢细胞单瓶梗式产孢,端生,离生,橄榄绿色,壁具明显的刺突,有限生长,圆柱形至棍棒状,宽2.0~4.0 μm,顶部常具一个明显的围领,宽1.0~1.5 μm（图1C. 图1D）。分生孢子常聚集在孢梗束的顶部,个别在中部聚集,单生,顶生,简单,腊肠状或梭形,浅橄榄色至暗橄榄色 (32.5~59.5)×(8.5~13.5) μm,具多条明显的纵向脊,成熟时一般为3个隔膜,两端各具一个乳突状突起。

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图1 Virgatospora echinofibrosa

A：分生孢梗束、分生孢子梗及分生孢子;B：在自然基质上的孢梗束;C：分生孢子;D：产孢细胞和分生孢子。

Fig. 1 Virgatospora echinofibrosa

A: Synnemata with conidiophores and conidia; B: Synnemata on natural substratum; C: Conidia; D: Conidiogenous cell and conidia.

研究标本：贵州省习水国家自然保护区,基质：未知名枯枝,海拔：1050 m,2017年9月16日,编号：HMZNC0346。

Virgatospora属目前只有V. natarajanensis和V. echinofibrosa 这2个种。V. natarajanensis的孢梗束达680 μm,分生孢子仅具纵条纹,无横隔膜,(10~13.5)×(3.5~4.5) μm;V. echinofibrosa的孢梗束长可达1.5 mm,分生孢子具明显的纵条纹,同时具3个横隔膜,(39~50)×(9~15) μm。菌株HMZNC0346的孢梗束1.96 mm、分生孢菌具3个横隔膜,(32.5~59.5)×(8.5~13.5) μm,与V. echinofibrosa特征基本一致,因此将其菌株HMZNC0346鉴定为V. echinofibrosa。

V. echinofibrosa最先是由Finley^[1]在1967年在巴拿马一种枯枝上发现的,后来在哥斯达黎加、伯利兹城、日本等有报道^[14,15],在中国台湾也见其报道^[16],但在中国大陆未见报道,因此将其定为中国大陆新记录种。

**2.2 Domingoella caesalpiniae A. K. Sarbhoy & Saikia**

菌落在自然基质上稀疏,毛发状,不显著,淡橄榄色至暗褐色。菌丝体部分表生,由淡褐色至暗褐色、壁光滑、分枝、网状、有隔的菌丝组成。子座无。刚毛和附着枝缺乏。分生孢子梗粗大,单生或2~3根簇生,顶生或侧生在菌丝上,直立,直或稍弯曲,不分枝,圆柱形,光滑,暗褐色至黑色,多隔膜,(493~812)×(4.1~8.5) µm,具4~22个及顶式层出,基部膨大,宽7.0~9.0 µm,顶部稍窄,宽4.5~6.0 µm（图2A、图2B）。产孢细胞单芽生,合生,端生,浅褐色,顶端常干瘪,圆柱形,长5.1~11.2 µm,宽5.1~6.1 µm（图2B）。分生孢子单生,干质,顶生,简单,球形或近球形,无隔膜,浅金褐色至暗金褐色,光滑,直径21.5~27.0 µm,在基部有一个小乳突（图2C）。

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图2 Domingoella caesalpiniae

A~B: 分生孢子梗、产孢子细胞和分生孢子;C: 成熟的分生孢子。

Fig. 2 Domingoella caesalpiniae

A-B: Conidiophores, conidiogenous cell and conidia; C: Mature conidia.

研究标本：习水国家级自然保护区,基质：桦木属（Betula luminifera H. Winkl.）,海拔：900 m,2017年11月11日,编号：HMZNC0370。

目前Domingoella属收录的5个种中,其中4个种即D. pycnopeltarum、D. deightonii、D. indopiptadeniae和D. arctostaphyli 的分孢子梗短于130 µm,层出数少于4个,分生孢子直径分别为： 7~10 µm、10~14 µm、10~12 µm和8~10 µm,这4个种的分生孢梗都明显较短、层出数较少、分生孢子的直径也较小,这些特征明显区别于本菌株HMZNC0370;而D. caesalpiniae 的分生孢子梗褐色至黑褐色,多隔膜,长665~997 µm,具4~9个层出,分生孢子金褐色至浅暗褐色,球形,直径18~24 µm,这些特征与本菌株（HMZNC 0370）基本一致,因此将其鉴定为D. caesalpiniae。

D. caesalpiniae最初是在1980年由Sarbhoy等^[10]从阿萨姆邦（印度东北部的邦）的金凤花（Caesalpinia pulcherrima）上发现的,随后在印度和印度的东北部有报道^[17,18],但在中国未见报道,因此将其定为中国新记录种。

References

Publishing order | Descend order by publishing year | Descend order by cited within

[1]	Finley D E. Virgatospora: A new genus of Stilbellaceae[J]. Mycologia, 1967,59:538-541.

[2]	D’Souza M, Singh S K, Bhat D J. New conidial fungi from Andaman Islands, India[J]. Mycotaxon, 2002,82:133-143.

[3]	Hennings P. Fungi javanici novi a cl. Prof. Dr. Zimmermann collecti[J]. Hedwigia, 1902,41:140-149.

[4]	Morris E F. Studies on the synnematous fungi imperfecti II[J]. Mycopathologia et Mycologia Applicata, 1967,33(2):179-185. DOI

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[6]	Hansford C G. Tropical fungi. III. New species and revisions[J]. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of London, 1949,160(2):116-153. DOI

[7]	Hughes S J. Five species of Sarcinella from North America, with notes on Questieriella n. gen., Mitteriella, Endophragmiopsis, Schiffnerula, and Clypeolella[J]. Canadian Journal of Botany, 1983,61(6):1727-1767. DOI

[8]	Ellis M B. Dematiaceous hyphomycetes. XI[J]. Mycological Papers, 1972,131:1-25.

[9]	Hughes S J. Relocation of species of Endophragmia auct. with notes on relevant generic names[J]. New Zealand Journal of Botany, 1979,17(2):139-188. DOI

[10]	Sarbhoy A K, Saikia U N. Domingoella, a new generic record with a new species from northeast India[J]. Current Science, 1980,49(8):324-324.

[11]	Kirk P M. New or interesting microfungi. XV. Miscellaneous hyphomycetes from the British Isles[J]. Transactions of the British Mycological Society, 1986,86(3):409-428. DOI

[12]	Kumar A, Mall T P. Fungal disease complex in endangered species Indopiptadenia oudhensis from Shrawasti (U.P.) India[J]. Species Discovery Publication, 2013, 4(11): 14-16.

[13]	Ellis M B. Dematiaceous Hyphomycetes[M]. Kew, Surrey, England: Commonwealth Mycological Institute, 1971: 1-608.

[14]	Abarca G H, Portales J M, Sierra A M, et al. Tropical hyphomycetes of Mexico. II. Some species from the tropical biology station “Los Tuxtlas”, Veracruz, Mexico[J]. Mycotaxon, 1997,64:203-223.

[15]	Matsushima T. Matsushima Mycological Memoirs No. 9[M]. Kobe, Japan: Matsushima Fungus Collect, 1996: 40.

[16]	Chang H S. Three dematiaceous hyphomycetes from Taiwan[J]. Botanical Bulletin of Academia Sinica, 1999,40(3):247-250.

[17]	Pande A, Rao V G. A compendium of fungi on legumes from India[M]. Jodhpur: Scientific Publishers (India), 1998: 1-188.

[18]	Sarbhoy A K, Saikia U N. Domingoella, a new generic record with a new species from northeast India[J]. Current Science, 1980,49:324.

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