1 材料与方法
1.1 材料
1.2 方法
表1 正交试验设计因素水平表Tab. 1 Factor level table of orthogonal design |
| 水平 Levels | A 种植密度 Planting density/(g·m-2) | B 培养基质 Cultivating substrate/ (kg·m-2) |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 400 | 8 |
| 2 | 600 | 12 |
| 3 | 800 | 16 |
表2 正交试验设计处理组合Tab. 2 Treatment combinations of orthogonal design |
| 序号 Orders | 1-A | 2-B | 3(A×B) | 4 | 处理组合 Treatment combination | 处理组合内容 Content of treatment combination |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 1 (400) | 1 (8.0) | 1 | 1 | A1B1 | 菌种400 g+竹基质8.0 kg |
| 2 | 1 (400) | 2 (12.0) | 2 | 2 | A1B2 | 菌种400 g+竹基质12.0 kg |
| 3 | 1 (400) | 3 (16.0) | 3 | 3 | A1B3 | 菌种400 g+竹基质16.0 kg |
| 4 | 2 (600) | 1 (8.0) | 2 | 3 | A2B1 | 菌种600 g+竹基质8.0 kg |
| 5 | 2 (600) | 2 (12.0) | 3 | 1 | A2B2 | 菌种600 g+竹基质12.0 kg |
| 6 | 2 (600) | 3 (16.0) | 1 | 2 | A2B3 | 菌种600 g+竹基质16.0 kg |
| 7 | 3 (800) | 1 (8.0) | 3 | 2 | A3B1 | 菌种800 g+竹基质8.0 kg |
| 8 | 3 (800) | 2 (12.0) | 1 | 3 | A3B2 | 菌种800 g+竹基质12.0 kg |
| 9 | 3 (800) | 3 (16.0) | 2 | 1 | A3B3 | 菌种800 g+竹基质16.0 kg |
1.3 数据处理
2 结果与分析
2.1 不同处理间产量及营养成分分析
表3 处理组合间的差异性分析Tab. 3 ANOVA analysis of treatment combinations |
| 指标 Index | 变异来源 Source of variation | III 型平方和 Sum square of III type | 自由度 df | 均方 Mean square | F值 F value | P值 P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 产量 | 组间 | 12026.35 | 2 | 6013.17 | 239.245 | 0.000** |
| 组内 | 1960.45 | 78 | 25.13 | |||
| 总数 | 13986.80 | 80 | ||||
| 粗蛋白 | 组间 | 137.57 | 8 | 17.19 | 6.697 | 0.000** |
| 组内 | 46.22 | 18 | 2.56 | |||
| 总数 | 183.79 | 26 | ||||
| 粗纤维 | 组间 | 153.51 | 8 | 19.19 | 2.766 | 0.035* |
| 组内 | 124.88 | 18 | 6.94 | |||
| 总数 | 278.39 | 26 | ||||
| 总糖 | 组间 | 256.53 | 8 | 32.07 | 4.694 | 0.003** |
| 组内 | 122.96 | 18 | 6.83 | |||
| 总数 | 379.49 | 26 |
Note: * means significant difference (P<0.05), ** means extremely significant difference (P<0.01). | |
注:*表示差异显著(P<0.05),**表示差异极显著(P<0.01)。 |
图1 处理间的产量均值对比在95%的置信区间下,不同大写字母表示差异极显著(P<0.01),不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05). Fig. 1 Comparison of mean yield among treatments Different capital letters denoted extremely significant difference among treatments (P<0.01), and different lowercases denoted significant difference among treatments (P<0.05) within 95% confidence interval. |
2.2 因素水平间产量与营养成分分析
表4 各因素水平方差分析Tab. 4 Multi-factor analysis of each factor levels |
| 变异来源 Source of variation | 因变量 Dependent variable | III 型平方和 Sum square of III type | 自由度 df | 均方 Mean square | F值 F value | P值 P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 种植密度(A) | 产量 | 15.81 | 2 | 7.90 | 22.433 | 0.000** |
| 粗蛋白 | 11.71 | 2 | 5.85 | 1.046 | 0.370 | |
| 粗纤维 | 47.33 | 2 | 23.66 | 2.845 | 0.082 | |
| 总糖 | 15.73 | 2 | 7.86 | 0.596 | 0.561 | |
| 培养基质(B) | 产量 | 3.00 | 2 | 1.50 | 4.263 | 0.029* |
| 粗蛋白 | 15.21 | 2 | 7.60 | 1.359 | 0.280 | |
| 粗纤维 | 18.81 | 2 | 9.40 | 1.130 | 0.343 | |
| 总糖 | 45.61 | 2 | 22.80 | 1.728 | 0.203 | |
| 种植密度×培养基质 (A×B) | 产量 | 0.72 | 2 | 0.36 | 1.025 | 0.377 |
| 粗蛋白 | 45.01 | 2 | 22.50 | 4.023 | 0.034* | |
| 粗纤维 | 45.89 | 2 | 22.94 | 2.758 | 0.088 | |
| 总糖 | 54.19 | 2 | 27.09 | 2.053 | 0.155 | |
| 误差 | 产量 | 201.95 | 18 | 11.22 | ||
| 粗蛋白 | 46.22 | 18 | 2.57 | |||
| 粗纤维 | 124.88 | 18 | 6.94 | |||
| 总糖 | 122.96 | 18 | 6.83 | |||
| 校正总计 | 产量 | 2657.95 | 26 | |||
| 粗蛋白 | 183.79 | 26 | ||||
| 粗纤维 | 278.39 | 26 | ||||
| 总糖 | 379.49 | 26 |
Note: * means significant difference (P<0.05); ** mean extremely significant difference (P<0.01). | |
注:*表示差异显著(P<0.05);**表示差异极显著(P<0.01)。 |
2.3 基质量与菌种量优组合筛选
表5 棘托竹荪生长的影响因子主次顺序及优水平Tab. 5 Prioritizing order and optimal level of impact factors of D. echinovolvata |
| 指标 Indexes | 极差 Range | 因素主次 Prioritizing factors | 优水平 Optimal level | 最佳理论组合 Optimal theory combination |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 产量 | RA =1.83; RB=0.8 | A>B | A2B3 | A2B3 |
| 粗蛋白 | RA=19.4; RB=1.8 | A>B | A2B1 | |
| 粗纤维 | RA=3.00; RB=2.0 | A>B | A3B1 | |
| 总糖 | RA=1.83; RB=3.2 | B>A | A1B3 |
2.4 生产成本及效益分析
表6 竹荪种植成本及产出效益对比Tab. 6 Comparison of planting cost and output value for D. echinovolvata |
| 处理组合 Treatment combination | 菌种成本 Culture medium cost/yuan | 基质成本 Curing substrate/yuan | 产量 Yield/kg | 产值 Output value/yuan | 收益 Income/yuan | 支收比 Output/cost ratio |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2.24 | 3.20 | 1.3 | 21.3 | 15.9 | 1:3.92 |
| 2 | 2.24 | 4.80 | 2.2 | 34.9 | 27.8 | 1:4.95 |
| 3 | 2.24 | 6.40 | 3.3 | 52.8 | 44.1 | 1:6.11 |
| 4 | 3.36 | 3.20 | 3.8 | 60.4 | 53.9 | 1:9.21 |
| 5 | 3.36 | 4.80 | 3.4 | 53.7 | 45.5 | 1:6.58 |
| 6 | 3.36 | 6.40 | 4.0 | 64.6 | 54.9 | 1:6.62 |
| 7 | 4.48 | 3.20 | 2.6 | 41.4 | 33.7 | 1:5.39 |
| 8 | 4.48 | 4.80 | 2.9 | 46.3 | 37.0 | 1:4.99 |
| 9 | 4.48 | 6.40 | 2.6 | 41.0 | 30.1 | 1:3.77 |
Note: The costs of sawdust substrate and strain planting density were merely considered in this study based on the others had roughly equal cost. Here we counted all cost with 2.8 yuan/bag of culture medium and 400 yuan/t of curing substrate in market prices, 2019, and the expenditure/income was the ratio of production cost to output value. All data were calculated in per square meter. | |
注:因其他成本大体相同,本研究仅考虑菌种成本和基质成本,分别按2019年当地菌包2.8元/包,竹基质腐熟料400元/t计算,支收比为生产成本与产值的比值。表中所有数据均以每平方米计量。 |
