1 材料与方法
1.1 研究区概况
1.2 试验设计
表1 试验处理描述Tab. 1 Description of experiment treatments |
| 处理 Treatments | 具体措施 Description of treatments |
|---|---|
| 喷除草剂 (S) | 用除草剂取代人工除草,基本按4、6、8和10月共4次进行喷药 |
| 人工净除(A) | 确保整个试验小区常年无杂草,基本按4、6、8和10月共4次进行人工除草 |
| 绿肥覆盖(G) | 保护带种植大叶千斤拔(50 cm株行距),田埂上种植白花灰叶豆(50 cm株行距),视长势刈割2~3次/a |
| 地膜覆盖 (F) | 在树冠滴水线下4个方向各开深50 cm,直径20 cm柱状坑,肥料均分4份施入,盖土,并整个植胶带面盖膜 |
| 壕沟截流(T) | 保护带挖截留沟(宽40 cm,深40 cm,同小区长)。在树冠滴水线每隔1年加施保水剂(100 g/株) |
| 综合措施(M) | 将绿肥覆盖L、覆盖地膜F和壕沟截流T合并处理 |
| 常规对照(CK) | 每年7和11月对保护带砍草并压青,每年4、6和8月进行带面锄草;每年5月对压青坑内施1次有机肥后并压青,每年5和10月施复合肥;每年11月植胶带面深翻20 cm |
1.3 测定指标及方法
1.4 数据处理
2 结果与分析
2.1 不同管理方式下干、雨季土壤的物理性质
表2 不同管理方式下山地胶园干、雨季土壤的物理性质Tab. 2 Physical properties of soil in dry and rainy seasons under different management modes |
| 季节Seasons | 处理 Treatment | 土壤含水量 Soil water content/% | 土壤容重 Soil bulk density/(g·cm-3) | 土壤孔隙度 Soil porosity/% | 土壤密度 Soil density/(g·cm-3) | 土壤pH Soil pH |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 干季 | 喷除草剂(S) | 10.82±0.88cB | 1.42±0.04bA | 45.59±1.17abA | 2.08±0.02bA | 4.54±0.07aA |
| 人工净除(A) | 12.11±0.96bcB | 1.53±0.03aA | 46.44±1.38abA | 2.08±0.04bA | 4.66±0.08aA | |
| 绿肥覆盖(G) | 14.59±0.33aB | 1.31±0.02cA | 49.13±1.14aA | 2.03±0.03bA | 4.67±0.03aA | |
| 地膜覆盖(F) | 13.46±0.45abB | 1.38±0.02bcA | 47.67±0.82aA | 2.07±0.02bA | 4.22±0.04bcA | |
| 壕沟截流(T) | 12.25±0.47bcB | 1.40±0.03bA | 47.32±1.35aA | 2.06±0.03bA | 4.31±0.08bA | |
| 综合措施(M) | 14.25±0.29aB | 1.36±0.02bcA | 48.94±1.09aA | 2.09±0.03bA | 4.12±0.08bcA | |
| 常规对照(CK) | 11.06±0.55cB | 1.51±0.04aA | 43.25±0.84bA | 2.22±0.02aA | 4.07±0.05cA | |
| 雨季 | 喷除草剂(S) | 26.03±3.40bA | 1.22±0.09aB | 46.14±2.22abA | 2.01±0.12aA | 4.20±0.04abB |
| 人工净除(A) | 25.72±3.55bA | 1.13±0.08abB | 49.06±1.83aA | 1.95±0.10aA | 4.29±0.04aB | |
| 绿肥覆盖(G) | 36.10±1.10aA | 0.97±0.02bB | 47.88±0.85aA | 1.89±0.17aA | 4.30±0.05aB | |
| 地膜覆盖(F) | 29.09±3.37abA | 1.30±0.06aA | 46.21±1.07abA | 1.99±0.13aA | 4.19±0.03abA | |
| 壕沟截流(T) | 26.96±5.03bA | 1.34±0.11aA | 42.42±1.06bB | 1.94±0.20aA | 4.19±0.02abA | |
| 综合措施(M) | 27.42±3.32bA | 1.26±0.09aA | 47.94±1.33aA | 1.98±0.11aA | 4.30±0.07aA | |
| 常规对照(CK) | 24.83±1.74bA | 1.32±0.06aA | 44.67±1.13abA | 2.02±0.12aA | 4.12±0.04bA |
Note: Different lowercase letters represent significant differece among treatments in the same seasons (P<0.05); different capital letters represent significant difference among different seasons under the same treatments (P<0.05). | |
注:表中不同小写字母代表同季节下不同处理间显著差异(P<0.05);不同大写字母代表同处理下不同季节间显著差异(P<0.05)。 |
2.2 不同管理方式下干、雨季原位的土壤含水量
图2 不同管理方式下干、雨季橡胶林原位的土壤含水量不同小写字母代表同季节下不同处理间显著差异(P<0.05);不同大写字母代表同处理下不同季节间显著差异(P<0.05)。 Fig. 2 Soil moisture content in situ of rubber plantation in dry and rainy seasons under different management modes Different lowercase letters represent significant difference among treatments in same seasons (P<0.05); different capital letters represent significant difference among different seasons under same treatments (P<0.05). |
2.3 不同管理方式下干、雨季原位的土壤温度
图3 不同管理方式下干、雨季橡胶林原位的土壤温度不同小写字母代表同季节下不同处理间差异显著(P<0.05);不同大写字母代表同处理下不同季节间差异显著(P<0.05)。 Fig. 3 Soil temperature in situ of rubber plantation in dry and rainy seasons under different management modes Different lowercase letters represent significant differece among treatments in same seasons (P<0.05); different capital letters represent significant difference among different seasons under same treatments (P<0.05). |
2.4 不同管理方式下干、雨季原位的土壤电导率
图4 不同管理方式下干、雨季橡胶林原位的土壤电导率不同小写字母代表同季节下不同处理间显著差异(P<0.05);大写字母代表同处理下不同季节间显著差异(P<0.05)。 Fig. 4 Soil conductivity in situ of rubber plantation in dry and rainy seasons under different management Different lowercase letters represent significant differece among treatments in same seasons (P<0.05); different capital letters represent significant difference among different seasons under same treatments (P<0.05). |
