1 材料与方法
1.1 材料
表1 不同栽培料配方Tab. 1 Formulas of cultivation substrates used with different portions of shell ash % |
| 配方 Formula | 壳灰 Shell ash | 棉籽壳 Cottonseed hull | 木屑 Sawdust |
|---|---|---|---|
| CK | 0.0 | 30.0 | 20.0 |
| A1 | 0.5 | 29.7 | 19.8 |
| A2 | 1.0 | 29.5 | 19.5 |
| A3 | 1.5 | 29.2 | 19.3 |
| A4 | 2.0 | 29.0 | 19.0 |
| A5 | 2.5 | 28.7 | 18.8 |
| A6 | 3.0 | 28.5 | 18.5 |
| A7 | 3.5 | 28.2 | 18.3 |
| A8 | 4.0 | 28.0 | 18.0 |
Note: Values represent percentages;the remained components of all examined formula included 28% wheat bran, 17% corncob, 3% corn flour and 2% calcium carbonate (based on dry weight). | |
注:数据为质量百分比(%);每个配方中均含有28%麸皮、17%玉米芯、3%玉米粉和2%碳酸钙。 |
1.2 方法
1.3 数据处理
2 结果与分析
2.1 不同配方对菌丝生长速度及长势的影响
表2 菌丝生长速度及长势Tab. 2 The mycelial growth rate and density of F. filiformis grown on substrates with different amounts of shell ash |
| 配方 Formula | 菌丝生长速度 Mycelium growth rate /(mm∙d-1) | 长势 Mycelial vigor |
|---|---|---|
| CK | 2.73±0.0643d | ++ |
| A1 | 2.97±0.0513c | +++ |
| A2 | 3.14±0.0265ab | +++ |
| A3 | 3.26±0.0436a | +++ |
| A4 | 3.22±0.0557a | +++ |
| A5 | 3.04±0.0513bc | +++ |
| A6 | 3.02±0.0361bc | +++ |
| A7 | 3.01±0.0379bc | +++ |
| A8 | 3.00±0.0503c | +++ |
Note: +: sparse growth; ++: moderate growth; +++: vigor growth; values followed different lowercase letters represent significant differences at p<0.05. | |
注:“+、++、+++”分别表示菌丝生长稀疏、一般、健壮;每列数据后不同小写字母表示差异显著(p<0.05)。 |
2.2 不同配方栽培料灭菌前后及各生长阶段的pH
表3 不同配方培养料灭菌及生长过程pH变化Tab. 3 Change in the pH of the weakly alkalified substrates during sterilization, and vegetative growth and fruiting stages |
| 配方 Formula | 灭菌前 Before sterilization | 灭菌后 After sterilization | 菌丝满袋 Colonization complete | 原基形成 Primordial formation | 采收 Cropping |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CK | 6.06±0.0455i | 5.15±0.0513e | 7.10±0.0180e | 6.71±0.1104c | 6.17±0.0417c |
| A1 | 6.95±0.0325h | 5.46±0.0951d | 7.12±0.0329e | 6.73±0.0806c | 6.22±0.0895bc |
| A2 | 7.23±0.0700g | 6.15±0.0564c | 7.18±0.0157de | 6.87±0.0855bc | 6.21±0.0372bc |
| A3 | 8.62±0.0741f | 6.36±0.0680b | 7.26±0.0263cd | 6.97±0.0171ab | 6.28±0.0290abc |
| A4 | 9.37±0.0748e | 6.54±0.0225b | 7.31±0.0650bc | 7.061±0.0421ab | 6.37±0.0640abc |
| A5 | 9.55±0.0607d | 6.83±0.0502a | 7.35±0.0061abc | 7.07±0.0479ab | 6.38±0.0195ab |
| A6 | 9.88±0.0169c | 6.89±0.0901a | 7.38±0.0456ab | 7.12±0.01412a | 6.45±0.1647a |
| A7 | 10.21±0.0419b | 6.90±0.0770a | 7.41±0.0416ab | 7.10±0.0059a | 6.46±0.0142a |
| A8 | 10.48±0.0610a | 6.89±0.0774a | 7.42±0.0523a | 7.13±0.0352a | 6.48±0.0602a |
Note: Values followed different lowercase letters represent significant differences at p<0.05. | |
注:每列数据后不同小写字母表示差异显著(p<0.05)。 |
2.3 不同配方下对白色金针菇培养料子实体产量、生物转化率、商品率及外观
表4 不同配方子实体产量、生物转化率以及商品率Tab. 4 The yield, biological efficiency, commercial ratio, and appearance quality of the fruit bodies harvested from different substrates |
| 配方 Formula | 袋均产量 Yield per bag/g | 生物学效率 Biological efficiency/% | 商品率 Commercial ratio/% | 外观品质 Appearance quality |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CK | 394±2.4d | 96.0±5.9d | 88.2±2.1a | ++ |
| A1 | 429±8.0bc | 104.6±1.9bc | 88.9±2.1a | ++ |
| A2 | 441±3.1abc | 107.6±0.76abc | 90.2±1.8a | +++ |
| A3 | 466±5.1a | 113.7±1.2a | 90.2±1.8a | +++ |
| A4 | 426±14.6bc | 103.8±3.6bc | 90.4±1.2a | +++ |
| A5 | 414±3.5cd | 101.0±0.87cd | 89.6±0.8a | +++ |
| A6 | 421±5.9bcd | 102.6±1.4bcd | 89.5±0.7a | +++ |
| A7 | 426±4.9bc | 104.0±1.2bc | 88.9±0.4a | ++ |
| A8 | 446±11.5ab | 108.8±2.84ab | 86.6±0.2a | ++ |
Note: ++: Moderate growth; +++: Vigor growth; values followed different lowercase letters represent significant differences at p<0.05. | |
注:++、+++分别表示菌丝生长一般、健壮;每列数据后不同小写字母表示差异显著(p<0.05)。 |
2.4 不同壳灰添加量对子实体性状的影响
表5 不同配方金针菇子实体农艺性状Tab. 5 Agronomic traits of the fruit bodies grown on different weakly alkalified substrates cm |
| 配方 Formula | 菌盖直径 Pileus diameter | 菌柄中径 Middle diameter of stipe | 菌柄长度 Stipe length |
|---|---|---|---|
| CK | 0.76±0.02bcd | 0.30±0.03c | 17.9±0.35c |
| A1 | 0.77±0.03bcd | 0.29±0.01c | 18.8±0.21b |
| A2 | 0.75±0.02bcd | 0.28±0.01c | 19.0±0.26ab |
| A3 | 0.68±0.02d | 0.29±0.01c | 19.6±0.20a |
| A4 | 0.68±0.05d | 0.30±0.01c | 19.5±0.12ab |
| A5 | 0.72±0.03cd | 0.33±0.02bc | 19.5±0.31ab |
| A6 | 0.82±0.01abc | 0.37±0.02ab | 19.5±0.25ab |
| A7 | 0.85±0.04ab | 0.39±0.03ab | 19.3±0.31ab |
| A8 | 0.91±0.07a | 0.42±0.01a | 19.2±0.23ab |
Note: Values followed different lowercase letters represent significant differences at p<0.05. | |
注:每列数据后不同小写字母表示差异显著(p<0.05)。 |
2.5 不同比例壳灰添加量对子实体营养成分的影响
表6 配方A4、A8与对照组营养成分含量Tab. 6 Contents of major nutritional compositions of the fruit bodies grown on substrates A4, A8 and CK % |
| 配方 Formula | 粗蛋白 Crude protein | 粗脂肪 Crude fat | 粗纤维 Crude fibre | 粗多糖 Crude polysaccharde | 灰分 Ash |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CK | 14.57±0.3512c | 2.00±0.1000a | 10.43±0.2517c | 7.14±0.0635a | 6.03±0.0577a |
| A4 | 15.80±0.1000b | 1.90±0.1000a | 12.45±0.0707a | 7.33±0.1528a | 5.93±0.0577a |
| A8 | 17.63±0.1528a | 2.07±0.0577a | 11.07±0.1258b | 7.27±0.0577a | 6.03±0.0577a |
Note: Values followed different lowercase letters represent significant differences at p<0.05. | |
注:每列数据后不同小写字母表示差异显著(p<0.05)。 |
2.6 不同配方对4种重金属污染物含量的影响
表7 配方A4、A8与对照组4种重金属污染物含量Tab. 7 Contents of heavy metals in the fruit bodiesproduced from different formulas mg∙kg-1 |
| 配方 Formula | 总砷(以As计) As | 铅(以Pb计) Pb | 镉(以Cd计) Cd | 总汞(以Hg计) Hg |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CK | 0.117±0.0058a | 0.113±0.0058a | 0.094±0.0036a | ≤0.01 |
| A4 | 0.123±0.0058a | 0.117±0.0058a | 0.096±0.0015a | ≤0.01 |
| A8 | 0.053±0.0058b | 0.047±0.0058b | 0.097±0.0006a | ≤0.01 |
Note: Values followed different lowercase letters represent significant differences at p<0.05. | |
注:每列数据后不同小写字母表示差异显著(p<0.05)。 |
