1 材料与方法
1.1 材料
1.2 方法
表1 试验设计Tab. 1 Experimental design |
| 处理 Treatment | 喷施药品 Chemicals sprayed | 喷施浓度 Concentration sprayed/% |
|---|---|---|
| 钙肥 | 二水合氯化钙 | 0.3 |
| 镁肥 | 硫酸镁 | 0.7 |
| 铁肥 | 七水合硫酸亚铁 | 0.2 |
| 硼肥 | 硼酸 | 0.1 |
| 锰肥 | 一水合硫酸锰 | 0.3 |
| 铜肥 | 五水合硫酸铜 | 0.1 |
| 锌肥 | 七水合硫酸锌 | 0.1 |
| CK1 | 水 | 100 |
| CK2 | 全营养元素 | 0.5 |
1.3 数据处理
2 结果与分析
2.1 中微量元素肥对槟榔坐果率大小的影响
2.2 中微量元素肥对每梭分枝的影响
表2 喷施不同中微量元素肥条件下槟榔每梭分枝数Tab. 2 Spraying trace element fertilizer on each branch of areca nuts |
| 处理 Treatment | 一级分枝数 Number of primary branch | 二级分枝数 Number of secondary branch |
|---|---|---|
| 钙肥 | 11.33±4.46ab | 35.00±19.13abc |
| 镁肥 | 10.25±6.24ab | 23.00±21.68ab |
| 铁肥 | 4.33±4.93a | 16.67±16.50a |
| 硼肥 | 15.25±3.10b | 49.25±14.24bc |
| 锰肥 | 14.00±1.73b | 25.33±13.20abc |
| 铜肥 | 12.33±6.66ab | 30.67±16.92abc |
| 锌肥 | 10.33±8.62ab | 33.00±23.43abc |
| CK1 | 15.67±1.15b | 45.00±9.64abc |
| CK2 | 13.50±1.29b | 55.00±9.56c |
Note: Different small letters after the same column data indicate Duncan’s variance analysis reached significant levels (P<0.05). | |
注:同列数据后不同小写字母表示Duncan’s方差分析差异达显著水平(P<0.05)。 |
2.3 中微量元素肥对槟榔产量形成因子的影响
表3 喷施中微量元素肥的收获鲜产量Tab. 3 Fresh yield after trace element fertilizer sprayed |
| 处理 Treatment | 单果鲜重 Single fruit fresh weight/g | 单梭果数量 Number of single nuts | 单梭果鲜重 Single shuttle fresh weight/g | 单株果鲜重 Fresh weight per plant/g | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 钙肥 | 22.57±4.58bc | 33.33±17.51a | 280.09±246.50a | 854.82±641.62abc | |
| 镁肥 | 17.41±5.21ab | 27.50±23.01a | 241.27±359.35a | 1076.05±340.76abc | |
| 铁肥 | 19.26±4.50ab | 6.67±16.06a | 104.78±202.79a | 157.17±253.71a | |
| 硼肥 | 10.44±4.78a | 48.67±19.40a | 226.65±196.86a | 339.98±263.19ab | |
| 锰肥 | 26.92±5.74bc | 25.00±17.95a | 395.34±274.57a | 790.67±248.09abc | |
| 铜肥 | 36.64±6.98c | 54.67±32.82b | 828.45±418.13a | 1242.68±625.83bc | |
| 锌肥 | 36.17±5.24c | 30.33±19.34a | 790.65±428.47a | 1185.97±357.05abc | |
| CK1 | 26.12±9.72bc | 33.33±17.51a | 586.59±243.13a | 879.89±403.94abc | |
| CK2 | 26.049±5.62bc | 27.50±23.01a | 591.22±198.50a | 1773.66±248.09c | |
Note: Different small letters after the same column data indicate Duncan’s variance analysis reached significant levels (P<0.05). | |
注:同列数据后不同小写字母表示Duncan’s方差分析差异达显著水平(P<0.05)。 |
2.4 中微量元素肥对槟榔果型指数的影响
2.5 中微量元素肥对槟榔果内含物含量变化的影响
表4 不同中微量元素处理的槟榔内含物Tab. 4 Inclusion contents treated with medium and trace elements |
| 处理 Treatment | 纤维素含量 Cellulose content/% | Vc含量 Vitamin C content/ [mg·(100 g)-1] | 可溶性糖含量 Soluble sugar content/% |
|---|---|---|---|
| 钙肥 | 47.28±5.03d | 22.89±2.57c | 37.15±6.06bcd |
| 镁肥 | 15.52±5.03c | 33.52±2.15e | 46.82±6.82d |
| 铁肥 | 6.07±3.69a | 42.61±2.11f | 41.59±8.32cd |
| 硼肥 | 8.95±5.03abc | 15.72±1.51b | 3.99±0.85a |
| 锰肥 | 13.85±2.91bc | 22.55±0.85c | 31.31±2.47bc |
| 铜肥 | 7.25±2.92ab | 11.82±1.61a | 43.07±3.59d |
| 锌肥 | 13.93±2.98bc | 12.99±1.32ab | 28.77±6.81b |
| CK1 | 9.93±3.73abc | 12.04±1.00a | 7.49±2.04a |
| CK2 | 11.96±3.98abc | 29.31±1.52d | 40.35±8.00cd |
Note: Different small letters after the same column data indicate Duncan’s variance analysis reached significant levels (P<0.05). | |
注:同列数据后不同小写字母表示Duncan’s方差分析差异达显著水平(P<0.05)。 |
2.6 槟榔产量与品质的主要影响因子分析
表5 主成分的特征值及方差贡献率Tab. 5 Eigen value and variance contribution rates |
| 主成分 Principal component | 特征值 Eigen value | 方差贡献率 Varianc contribution/% | 累计方差贡献率 Cumulative variance contribution/% |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 4.486 | 34.504 | 34.504 |
| 2 | 2.263 | 17.406 | 51.910 |
| 3 | 1.676 | 12.894 | 64.804 |
| 4 | 1.399 | 10.763 | 75.566 |
| 5 | 1.057 | 8.132 | 83.698 |
| 6 | 0.743 | 5.714 | 89.413 |
| 7 | 0.548 | 4.218 | 93.631 |
| 8 | 0.316 | 2.430 | 96.060 |
| 9 | 0.210 | 1.613 | 97.674 |
| 10 | 0.140 | 1.077 | 98.750 |
| 11 | 0.100 | 0.769 | 99.520 |
| 12 | 0.042 | 0.325 | 99.845 |
| 13 | 0.020 | 0.155 | 100.000 |
表6 因子负荷矩阵Tab.6 Component matrix |
| 指标Index | 主成分Principal components | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | |
| 梭数 | 0.828 | -0.462 | -0.147 | -0.151 | -0.030 |
| 第一梭果数量 | 0.256 | 0.621 | 0.251 | -0.196 | -0.145 |
| 第二梭果数量 | 0.665 | -0.329 | 0.315 | -0.369 | 0.016 |
| 第三梭果数量 | 0.857 | -0.266 | 0.204 | -0.267 | -0.022 |
| 每梭一级分枝数 | 0.811 | 0.009 | 0.393 | -0.233 | -0.028 |
| 每梭二级分枝数 | 0.517 | 0.687 | -0.159 | 0.298 | 0.156 |
| 座果率 | 0.597 | 0.641 | 0.065 | -0.054 | 0.303 |
| 单果重量 | -0.375 | -0.083 | 0.502 | 0.108 | -0.546 |
| 单梭果重量 | 0.464 | -0.417 | 0.205 | 0.649 | -0.075 |
| 单株果重量 | 0.690 | -0.037 | -0.065 | 0.585 | 0.189 |
| 可溶性糖含量 | -0.319 | -0.272 | 0.694 | 0.342 | 0.376 |
| 维生素C含量 | -0.575 | -0.151 | 0.304 | -0.296 | 0.639 |
| 纤维素含量 | -0.109 | 0.568 | 0.628 | 0.070 | -0.169 |
表7 不同中微量元素肥处产量与品质主因子综合得分Tab. 7 Comprehensive scores of yield and quality of the main factors in different medium and trace element fertilizers |
| 处理 Treatment | 主成分1 Factor 1 | 主成分2 Factor 2 | 主成分3 Factor 3 | 主成分4 Factor 4 | 主成分5 Factor 5 | 产量因子 Yield factor | 品质因子 Quality factor |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 锌肥 | 0.7242 | 1.1686 | 0.1396 | -0.0630 | 2.3497 | 1.8299 | 2.4893 |
| CK1 | 0.1726 | 0.5157 | 1.6869 | 1.0395 | 0.4073 | 1.7278 | 2.0943 |
| 镁肥 | 0.3788 | 0.8649 | 0.2803 | 0.2802 | 0.7882 | 1.5239 | 1.0685 |
| 钙肥 | 0.7665 | 0.0541 | -0.0007 | 0.5350 | 0.5215 | 1.3556 | 0.5208 |
| 锰肥 | 0.9594 | -0.0260 | 0.2742 | -0.4203 | 0.6355 | 0.5130 | 0.9097 |
| 铜肥 | 0.0134 | 0.5421 | -0.3405 | 1.0098 | 0.1923 | 1.5654 | -0.1481 |
| 硼肥 | 0.3298 | 0.3796 | -0.3886 | 0.0932 | 0.4061 | 0.8026 | 0.0175 |
| 铁肥 | 0.1534 | 0.5394 | -0.1895 | 0.0959 | 0.0706 | 0.7887 | -0.1189 |
| CK2 | 0.0053 | -0.0797 | -0.0864 | -0.0693 | 0.0098 | -0.1436 | -0.0766 |
