1 材料与方法
1.1 材料
1.2 方法
1.2.1 多倍体白掌诱导方法优化
1.2.2 选育白掌四倍体
1.2.3 形态学特征比较
1.2.4 叶片气孔大小测定
1.2.5 根尖染色体检测
1.2.6 流式细胞仪测定基因组大小
2 结果与分析
2.1 不同浓度秋水仙素和不同处理时间对‘美酒'多倍体诱导的影响
表1 不同浓度秋水仙素和不同处理时间对‘美酒'多倍体诱导情况Tab. 1 Induction of polyploid by different colchicine concentrations and treatment time of ‘Meijiu' |
| 秋水仙素浓度 Colchicine concentration/% | 处理时间 Treatment time/d | 处理数 Treatment number | 成活数 Survival number | 苗分化数 Seedling differentiation number | 变异株数 No. of variation plants | 四倍体株数 No. of tetra ploid plants | 成活率 Survival rate/% | 变异率 Variation rate/% | 四倍体诱导率 Tetraploid induction rate/% |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0.06 | 7 | 30 | 30 | 56 | 0 | 0 | 100.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| 14 | 30 | 29 | 29 | 4 | 0 | 96.7 | 13.8 | 0.0 | |
| 21 | 30 | 28 | 27 | 6 | 1 | 93.3 | 22.2 | 16.7 | |
| 0.08 | 7 | 30 | 28 | 22 | 4 | 0 | 93.3 | 18.2 | 0.0 |
| 14 | 30 | 27 | 18 | 8 | 2 | 90.0 | 44.4 | 25.0 | |
| 21 | 30 | 25 | 17 | 7 | 1 | 83.3 | 41.2 | 14.3 | |
| 0.10 | 7 | 30 | 26 | 20 | 12 | 6 | 86.7 | 60.0 | 50.0 |
| 14 | 30 | 22 | 10 | 3 | 1 | 73.3 | 30.0 | 33.3 | |
| 21 | 30 | 11 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 36.7 | 0.0 | 0.0 | |
| 0 | 0 | 30 | 30 | 84 | 0 | 0 | 100.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
2.2 形态学特征比较
图1 白掌‘绿萌'与‘美酒'的外观形态比较A:‘绿萌'外观;B:植株外观比较;C:组培苗形态比较;D:成株叶片比较;E:佛焰苞比较;在分图B~E中,左:‘美酒',右:‘绿萌'。 Fig. 1 Morphology comparison of ‘Lvmeng' and ‘Meijiu' A: ‘Lvmeng' appearance; B: The comparison of plant appearance; C: The morphological comparison of tissue culture seedlings; D: The comparison of leaf; E: The comparison of the spathes; In the B-E diagram, left: ‘Meijiu', right: ‘Lvmeng'. |
表2 白掌‘绿萌'与‘美酒'的形态学特征比较Tab. 2 Morphology comparison of ‘Lvmeng' and ‘Meijiu' |
| 性状Character | 美酒Meijiu | 绿萌Lvmeng | 性状Character | 美酒Meijiu | 绿萌Lvmeng |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 叶片长度/cm | 21.52±0.72A | 20.37±0.99B | 佛焰苞苞片长度/cm | 11.63±0.60A | 10.40±0.73B |
| 叶片宽度/cm | 7.75±0.48B | 10.60±0.64A | 佛焰苞苞片宽度/cm | 5.78±0.19A | 5.32±0.17B |
| 叶柄长度/cm | 23.75±1.48A | 17.77±0.99B | 苞梗长度/cm | 42.78±2.27A | 36.22±0.84B |
| 叶柄直径/cm | 0.32±0.02B | 0.53±0.02A | 苞梗直径/cm | 0.39±0.02B | 0.61±0.05A |
| 叶鞘长/cm | 21.90±0.84A | 16.76±0.96B | 肉穗花序长度/cm | 4.63±0.18B | 4.94±0.21A |
| 叶片数 | 14.70±0.68A | 15.10±0.74A | 肉穗花序直径/cm | 1.17±0.04B | 1.60±0.03A |
注:同行不同大写字母表示差异极显著(P<0.01)。 | |
Note: Different capital letters in the same line indicate extremely significant difference (P<0.01). |
2.3 气孔大小和密度比较
表3 白掌品种‘绿萌'与‘美酒'的叶片气孔大小和密度比较Tab. 3 Stomatal size and density comparison of ‘Lvmeng' and ‘Meijiu' |
| 品种Variety | 气孔长度Stomatal length/μm | 气孔宽度Stomatal width/μm | 气孔密度Stomatal density/(个·mm-2) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 美酒 | 27.64±1.39B | 20.66±1.39B | 26.81±3.34A |
| 绿萌 | 41.72±3.83A | 25.93±2.64A | 15.50±1.40B |
注:同列不同大写字母表示差异极显著(P<0.01)。 | |
Note: Different capital letters in the same column indicate extremely significant difference (P<0.01). |
