从19世纪60年代开始,经过多年的调查、收集和筛选,农业农村部乐东腰果种质资源圃已收集和保存了400余份腰果种质资源,这些腰果种质资源主要来自我国海南省和云南省,以及巴西、莫桑比克、坦桑尼亚、越南、泰国等地,具有丰富的多样性,但目前国内外尚无腰果品种DUS测试指南,难以有效保护腰果种质资源和腰果育种者的合法利益。在参考腰果相关文献的基础上,通过对农业农村部“乐东腰果种质圃”的资源进行性状测试调查,收集了丰富的腰果种质资源各类性状数据,研制了腰果品种DUS测试指南。本研究详细介绍了指南的研制过程和主要内容,包括适用范围、繁殖材料的要求、测试性状的选择、DUS判定标准、性状表和技术问卷等,其中性状表是本测试指南的核心内容。腰果品种DUS测试指南仅适用于目前世界热区大规模商业化种植的腰果（Anacardium occidentale L.）一个种。腰果的繁殖材料一般为嫁接苗,有时为了缩短测试时间,也可将接穗作为繁殖材料。测试性状总共41个,包括35个基本性状和6个选测性状。叶片、果梨和坚果是测试性状的主要来源,其测试性状分别为11个、11个和10个,分别占性状总数的26.8%,26.8%和24.4%。植株、枝条、花、果仁和物候的测试性状均较少,分别只有1个、2个、2个、3个和1个。分组性状6个,包括植株类型、叶片形状、果梨形状、果梨颜色、坚果基部形状和坚果缝合线突出部与顶点相对位置。标准品种共20个,其中优良腰果品种FL30和HL2-21的使用频次较高,分别为13次和10次。指南还提供了55张实物图和11张示意图,可为腰果品种DUS测试提供帮助。腰果品种DUS测试指南的研制填补了国内外空白,为申请腰果新品种权保护提供了技术支撑。

Since 1960s, more than 400 cashew germplasm resources have been collected and well preserved in Ledong Cashew Germplasm Repository of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China after years of investigation, collection and screening. The cashew germplasm resources, with rich diversity, are mainly from Hainan and Yunnan provinces, as well as Brazil, Mozambique, Tanzania, Vietnam, Thailand, etc., where at present there's no cashew DUS test guidelines at home and abroad, the cashew germplasm resources and legitimate interest of cashew breeders cannot be protected effectively. Based on the characteristics test for the resources in Ledong Cashew Germplasm Repository of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China and referring to the cashew related literature, we collected vast number of different characteristics data for the cashew germplasm resources, developed DUS test guidelines for cashew varieties. This paper gave detail description of the development process and main contents of the guideline, including the subject, propagation materials required, selection of test characteristics, DUS assessment criteria, characteristic table and technical questionnaire, etc., among which the characteristic table is the key content. Cashew DUS test guidelines apply to only one specie—cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.), which is large-scale commercially planted across the hot zone of the world. The propagation material of cashew is generally grafted seedlings, sometimes scions can also be used as the propagation material to shorten the test time. Totally 41 test characteristics were included in the cashew DUS test guidelines, including 35 basic characteristics and 6 selective characteristics. Leaf, apple and nut are major sources of test characteristics in cashew DUS test guidelines, the number of the test characteristics was 11, 11 and 10, which accounting for 26.8%, 26.8% and 24.4%, respectively. Less characteristics were from plant, branch, flower, kernel and phenology, and the number of the characteristics was only 1, 2, 2, 3 and 1, respectively. Six grouping characteristics, including plant type, leaf shape, cashew apple shape, cashew apple color, shape of nut base and relative position of nut suture protuberance and apex, were included in the guideline. 20 varieties were selected as standard varieties, and the use frequency of cashew fine varieties FL30 and HL2-21 was 13 and 10 respectively, which was much higher than that of other standard varieties. 55 physical maps and 11 sketch maps were also provided in the guideline, which would be much helpful for the cashew DUS testers. The development of cashew DUS test guideline would fill the blank both at home and abroad, provide technical support for the application of cashew new variety protection.