1 材料与方法
1.1 材料
1.2 方法
1.3 数据处理
2 结果与分析
2.1 8个杧果品种胶乳挥发性成分的分析
图1 8个杧果品种胶乳挥发性成分的总离子流Fig. 1 Total ion flows of latex volatile components of eight mango cultivars |
表1 8个杧果品种胶乳的主要挥发性成分Tab. 1 Main volatile components of latex from eight mango cultivars |
| 化合物分类 Compound classification | 编号 No. | 化合物名称 Compound name | 相对含量 Relative content/% | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 台农1号 Tainoung No.1 | 贵妃 Guifei | 金煌 Chun Hwang | 玉文 Yuwen | 红象牙 Red Ivory | 四季蜜杧 Sijimi mango | 金穗 Jinsui | 红杉林 Hongshanlin | |||
| 萜烯类 | 1 | α-蒎烯 α-pinene | 0.56 | 0.63 | 0.68 | 1.05 | 8.42 | 5.35 | 5.54 | 21.28 |
| 2 | 莰烯 camphene | - | - | - | - | 0.16 | - | - | 0.44 | |
| 3 | 左旋-β-蒎烯 (1S)-(1)-β-pinene | - | - | - | - | 1.00 | 0.55 | 0.61 | 2.80 | |
| 4 | (+)-2-carene | 0.40 | 0.32 | 0.29 | - | 0.50 | 0.43 | 0.41 | - | |
| 5 | 3-蒈烯 (+)-3-carene | 6.77 | 23.22 | 27.45 | 85.39 | 6.74 | 6.85 | 6.53 | 61.34 | |
| 6 | α-水芹烯 α-phellandrene | 0.88 | 0.99 | 0.99 | 1.43 | 0.89 | 0.85 | 0.84 | 1.09 | |
| 7 | 4-蒈烯 (+)-4-carene | 2.62 | 2.14 | 1.98 | 0.52 | 2.68 | 2.65 | 2.54 | 0.65 | |
| 8 | (R)-(+)-柠檬烯 (R)-(+)-limonene | 1.49 | 1.62 | 1.66 | 2.31 | 1.78 | 1.59 | 1.59 | 2.43 | |
| 9 | 桧烯 sabinene | 1.17 | 1.13 | 1.04 | 1.15 | 1.31 | 1.04 | 1.08 | 1.11 | |
| 10 | (1R)-(+)-α-蒎烯 (1R)-(+)-α-pinene | 0.39 | 0.26 | 0.32 | 0.23 | 0.52 | 0.46 | 0.50 | 0.59 | |
| 11 | 萜品油烯 terpinolene | 84.63 | 65.99 | 59.05 | 4.57 | 71.00 | 76.44 | 75.04 | 3.69 | |
| 12 | α-古巴烯 α-copaene | 0.48 | - | - | 0.11 | 0.16 | - | - | 0.28 | |
| 13 | (-)-α-古芸烯(-)-α-gurjunene | - | - | 0.19 | 0.08 | - | 0.10 | 0.24 | 0.16 | |
| 14 | L-石竹烯 L-caryophyllene | 0.12 | 0.27 | 0.11 | 0.06 | 1.82 | 0.94 | 1.58 | 2.21 | |
| 15 | γ-摩勒烯 γ-muurolene | - | - | - | - | 0.02 | - | 0.06 | - | |
| 16 | 马兜铃烯 4,5-di-epi-aristolochene | - | 0.24 | 0.59 | 0.26 | - | - | - | - | |
| 17 | 1,4,7,-环十一碳三烯 1,4,7,-cycloundecatriene, 1,5,9,9-tetramethyl-, Z,Z,Z- | 0.15 | 0.14 | - | - | 1.19 | 0.67 | 1.11 | 1.23 | |
| 18 | 顺式-β-愈创木烯cis-β-guaiene | - | - | - | - | 0.07 | 0.07 | 0.12 | - | |
| 19 | α-布藜烯α-bulnesene | - | - | - | - | 0.73 | 0.69 | 1.16 | - | |
| 20 | β-瑟林烯β-selinene | - | 2.16 | 5.05 | 2.50 | 0.32 | 0.96 | 0.58 | 0.54 | |
| 21 | 大根香叶烯D germacrene D | - | - | - | - | 0.26 | - | - | - | |
| 22 | (+)-δ-杜松烯(+)-δ-cadinene | 0.18 | - | - | - | 0.24 | 0.14 | 0.20 | 0.05 | |
| 23 | 7-epi-α-selinene | - | 0.20 | 0.11 | 0.07 | 0.03 | - | 0.04 | 0.04 | |
| 24 | naphthalene,1,2,3,4,4a,7-hexahydro-1,6-dimethyl-4-(1-methylethyl)- | - | - | - | - | 0.06 | - | 0.04 | - | |
| 25 | cyclohexene,6-ethenyl-6-methyl- 1-(1-methylethyl)-3-(1-methylethylidene)-, (S)- | - | - | - | - | 0.03 | - | 0.03 | - | |
| 26 | 古巴烯 copaene | - | - | - | - | 0.01 | - | - | - | |
| 酚类 | 1 | 2,4-二叔丁基苯酚 2,4-Di-tert-butylphenol | 0.16 | 0.33 | 0.25 | 0.16 | 0.03 | 0.20 | 0.12 | 0.06 |
| 2 | (1R,4S,4aR,8aR)-4-异丙基-1,6-二甲基-1,2,3,4,4A,7,8,8A-八氢-1-萘酚 (1R,4S,4aR,8aR)-4-isopropyl- 1,6-dimethyl-1,2,3,4,4A,7,8, 8A-octahydro-1-naphthalenol | - | 0.10 | 0.11 | 0.05 | 0.03 | 0.04 | 0.03 | 0.02 | |
| 醛类 | 1 | 5-羟甲基糠醛 5-hydroxymethylfurfural | - | 0.25 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 烷烃类 | 1 | 1,4-dimethyl-8-isopropylidene-tricyclo[5.3.0.0(4,10)]decane | - | - | 0.11 | 0.05 | 0.02 | - | - | - |
注:-表示未检出。 | |
Note: - indicates no detection. |
2.2 8个杧果品种胶乳挥发性成分的差异分析
表2 8个杧果品种胶乳的挥发性成分种类及相对含量Tab. 2 Volatile components and relative content of latex from eight mango cultivars |
| 品种 Cultivar | 萜烯类Terpene | 酚类Phenol | 醛类Aldehydes | 烷烃类Alkane | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 相对含量/% | 个数 | 相对含量/% | 个数 | 相对含量/% | 个数 | 相对含量/% | 个数 | |
| 台农1号 | 99.84±0.01b | 13 | 0.16±0.01c | 1 | - | 0 | - | 0 |
| 贵妃 | 99.32±0.04e | 14 | 0.43±0.01a | 2 | 0.26±0.02 | 1 | - | 0 |
| 金煌 | 99.52±0.01d | 14 | 0.36±0.02a | 2 | - | 0 | 0.13±0.01a | 1 |
| 玉文 | 99.74±0.01c | 14 | 0.22±0.01b | 2 | - | 0 | 0.05±0.01b | 1 |
| 红象牙 | 99.93±0.00a | 24 | 0.06±0.00d | 2 | - | 0 | 0.02±0.01c | 1 |
| 四季蜜杧 | 99.77±0.03c | 17 | 0.23±0.03b | 2 | - | 0 | - | 0 |
| 金穗 | 99.85±0.00b | 21 | 0.15±0.00c | 2 | - | 0 | - | 0 |
| 红杉林 | 99.90±0.01a | 17 | 0.10±0.02d | 2 | - | 0 | - | 0 |
注:-表示未检测到该类物质;同列不同小写字母代表不同品种间的差异极显著(P < 0.01)。 | |
Note: - indicates that no such substance has been detected; Different lowercase letters in the same column represent extremely significant difference between different cultivars (P < 0.01). |
2.3 ‘台农1号’和‘贵妃’品种果皮显微观察
图3 ‘台农1号’和‘贵妃’杧果皮孔的显微形态A:‘台农1号’的健康皮孔;B:‘台农1号’胶乳灼伤的皮孔;C:‘贵妃’的健康皮孔;D:‘贵妃’胶乳灼伤的皮孔。 Fig. 3 Micromorphology of lenticels of ‘Tainoung No.1’ and ‘Guifei’ mango cultivars A: Healthy lenticels of ‘Tainoung No.1’; B: Burned lenticels by latex from ‘Tainoung No.1’; C: Healthy lenticels of ‘Guifei’;D: Burned lenticels by latex from ‘Guifei’. |
图4 ‘台农1号’和‘贵妃’果皮涂抹胶乳后的变化A:‘台农1号’,对照0 min;B:‘台农1号’涂抹胶乳,1 h;C:‘贵妃’,对照0 min;D:‘贵妃’涂抹胶乳,10 min。 Fig. 4 Changes of ‘Tainoung No. 1’ and ‘Guifei’ Mango peel after applying latex A:‘Tainoung No.1’, control 0 min; B: Applying latex on ‘Tainoung No.1’, 1 h; C: ‘Guifei’, control 0 min; D: Applying latex on ‘Guifei’, 10 min. |
