1 材料与方法
1.1 材料
1.2 方法
2 结果与讨论
2.1 提取蒲公英橡胶的方法分析
图1 3种不同方法提取的蒲公英橡胶的形貌图A:碱煮法蒲公英橡胶;B:酸解法蒲公英橡胶;C:溶剂法蒲公英橡胶。 Fig. 1 Morphology of TKS rubber extracted by three different methods A: TKS rubber by the alkali method; B: TKS rubber by acid method; C: TKS rubber by solvent method. |
图3 3种不同方法提取蒲公英橡胶的杂质含量Fig. 3 Impurity content of TKS rubber extracted by three different methods |
表1 3种提取方法对比Tab. 1 Comparison of three extraction methods |
| 方法 Methods | 橡胶产率 Rubberyield /% | 橡胶纯度 Rubberpurity /% | 耗时 Time consumed /h | 操作难度 Operation difficulty |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 碱煮法 | 3.85 | 93.77 | 4 | 简单 |
| 酸解法 | 1.53 | 95.68 | 5 | 一般 |
| 溶剂法 | 0.78 | 98.23 | 10 | 困难 |
2.2 红外光谱分析
2.3 分子量及其分布分析
表2 GPC测定三叶天然橡胶和3种不同方法提取的蒲公英橡胶的平均分子量Tab. 2 Average molecular weight of Hevea rubber and TKS rubber extracted by three different methods were determined by GPC |
| 样品 Samples | ${{\bar{M}}_{\text{n}}}$×104 | ${{\bar{M}}_{\text{w}}}$×104 | ${{\bar{M}}_{\text{z}}}$×104 | 分子量分布 Molecular weight distribution(${{\bar{M}}_{\text{w}}}$/${{\bar{M}}_{\text{n}}}$) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 三叶天然橡胶 | 51.59 | 154.62 | 249.33 | 3.00 |
| 碱煮法蒲公英橡胶 | 38.24 | 58.39 | 57.09 | 1.52 |
| 酸解法蒲公英橡胶 | 36.86 | 62.92 | 61.69 | 1.90 |
| 溶剂法蒲公英橡胶 | 18.83 | 29.94 | 42.97 | 1.59 |
图5 三叶天然橡胶和3种不同方法提取的蒲公英橡胶的分子量分布曲线a:碱煮法蒲公英橡胶;b:酸解法蒲公英橡胶;c:溶剂法蒲公英橡胶;d:三叶天然橡胶。 Fig. 5 Molecular weight distribution curves of Hevea rubber and TKS rubber extracted by three different methods a: TKS rubber by the alkali method; b: TKS rubber by acid method; c: TKS rubber by solvent method; d: Hevea rubber. |
2.4 核磁共振波谱分析
2.5 交联密度分析
表3 3种不同方法提取的蒲公英橡胶和三叶天然橡胶的弛豫参数Tab. 3 Relaxation parameters of Hevea rubber and TKS rubber extracted by three different methods |
| 弛豫参数 Relaxation parameters | 样品Sample | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 碱煮法蒲公英橡胶 TKS rubber by the alkali method | 酸解法蒲公英橡胶 TKS rubber by acid method | 溶剂法蒲公英橡胶 KS rubber by solvent method | 三叶天然橡胶 Hevea rubber | |
| A(交联比重) | 72.00 | 71.19 | 66.58 | 72.43 |
| B(悬尾链比重) | 18.73 | 20.94 | 17.84 | 22.34 |
| C(自由链比重) | 9.27 | 7.87 | 15.56 | 5.23 |
| 交联密度 /(10-5 mol·cm-3) | 1.53 | 1.62 | 1.08 | 1.87 |
| 交联点间平均相对分子量/(kg·mol-1) | 6.56 | 6.17 | 9.3 | 5.34 |
| 弛豫时间t2/10-3s | 12.24 | 11.35 | 13.88 | 9.87 |
图7 3种不同方法提取的蒲公英橡胶和三叶天然橡胶的交联密度与Mca:溶剂法蒲公英橡胶;b:碱煮法蒲公英橡胶;c:酸解法蒲公英橡胶;d:三叶天然橡胶。 Fig. 7 Crosslink density and Mc of TKS rubber extracted by three different methods and Hevea rubber a: TKS rubber by solvent method; b: TKS rubber by the alkali method; c: TKS rubber by acid method; d: Hevea rubber. |
2.6 蒲公英橡胶的P0、PRI和门尼黏度分析
表4 3种不同方法提取蒲公英橡胶和三叶天然橡胶的P0、PRI和门尼黏度Tab. 4 P0, PRI and Mooney viscosities of TKS rubber extracted by three different methods and Hevea rubber |
| 样品 Samples | 塑性初值P0 | 塑性保持率PRI/% | 门尼黏度 Mooney viscosity /ML(1+4)100 ℃ |
|---|---|---|---|
| 碱煮法蒲公英橡胶 | 28 | 68 | 55.6 |
| 酸解法蒲公英橡胶 | 30 | 65 | 56.3 |
| 溶剂法蒲公英橡胶 | 22 | 70 | 41.5 |
| 三叶天然橡胶 | 38 | 54 | 75.4 |
| SCR-5 | ≥30 | ≥60 | - |
