|
何衍彪(1978—),博士,副研究员,研究方向:昆虫生态及作物病虫害综合防治。 |
Copy editor: 白净
收稿日期: 2021-05-12
修回日期: 2021-07-28
网络出版日期: 2022-01-14
基金资助
湖南人文科技学院博士科研启动费项目(82500250)
版权
The Influencing Factors and Mechanism of Wing Dimorphism in Aphid
Received date: 2021-05-12
Revised date: 2021-07-28
Online published: 2022-01-14
Copyright
翅多型现象在昆虫中广泛存在,比如蚜虫有有翅蚜和无翅蚜,无翅蚜无翅不能飞行。翅型分化是蚜虫对不良生态环境的适应策略。有翅蚜能飞行,使其逃离不良环境并找到新的栖息地;而无翅蚜繁殖周期短、繁殖量大,有助于维持一定的种群数量。影响蚜虫翅发育的因素有遗传因素和环境因素,由环境因素决定的翅的多型现象被称为翅的非遗传多型性。本文就蚜虫翅型分化的生态学意义、影响因素,以及蚜虫翅型分化的生理和分子机制进行了综述。关于影响蚜虫翅型分化的遗传因素的研究较少,部分研究发现豌豆蚜翅型由X染色体上的一对等位基因所控制。更多的研究表明蚜虫翅型分化受环境因素影响,影响蚜虫翅型分化的环境因素有光周期、温度、种群密度、共生微生物、天敌、杀虫剂及抗生素等,事实上这些环境因素往往不是单方面存在的。保幼激素、蜕皮激素等外源激素会影响包括蚜虫在内昆虫的翅型分化,蚜虫的拥挤效应最终可能也是通过激素调控发挥作用。外源激素可以作用于出生后的低龄若虫也可作用于预产期的成虫,比如给豆蚜中龄若蚜施加保幼激素处理后,会出现超龄若虫,而不是无翅蚜。相反,反-β-法尼烯(EBF)的刺激会诱导有翅蚜后代的产生。另有研究发现,上一代豌豆蚜注射蜕皮激素可以减少有翅后代数量,而通过RNA干扰(RNA interference, RNAi)EcR受体或施加EcR抑制物也会导致后代有翅个体增加。蚜虫翅型分化分子机制的研究起始于对同一基因型蚜虫有翅、无翅成虫个体的差异表达基因或差异表达蛋白。
何衍彪 , 李意成 , 张敏 , 李佳 , 刘建宏 , 刘秀 , 金晨钟 . 蚜虫翅型分化的影响因素及其发生机制[J]. 热带作物学报, 2021 , 42(12) : 3409 -3415 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2021.12.005
Wing polymorphism is commonly observed in insects, for the sake of example, there are winged morph and wingless morph in aphids, the wingless morph lacks wings and is called apterous morph. Be of wings, the alate aphids can fly, successfully escape from wicked environment and find new habitat. Besides, the short reproduction cycle and large reproduction of apterous aphid are helpful to maintain a certain population. For aphid, wing dimorphism is an adaptive strategy in response to wicked environment. Both genetic and environmental factors are usually considered to affect the developmental outcomes of insect wing morphs. The wing polymorphism mainly affected by environment is called polyphenism. In this review, the ecological adaptive significance, influencing factors on determination of wing form, physiological and molecular mechanism of wing polymorphism were summarized. There are a few researches about wing dimorphism of Aphid, which partially confirmed that the wing type of pea aphid is controlled by an allele on the X chromosome. More researches identified that the environmental factors, including photoperiod, temperature, population density, symbiotic microorganisms, natural enemy, pesticides and antibiotics, may play an important role in this dimorphism. But in fact, these environmental factors often do not exist unilaterally. Juvenile hormone, ecdysone and other exogenous hormones are believed have interference effect on wing dimorphism. The appearance of crowding effect is probably resulted from the role of exogenous hormones.These factors may act prenatally, postnatally or both, depending on the species. For example, the middle instar nymphs treated by juvenile hormone probably develop to be supernumerary larva, not to be wingless adults. On the contrary, (E)-β-farnesene induced more winged morph offspring. Previous experimental injections of ecdysone or its analog resulted in a decreased production of winged offspring of Acyrthosiphon pisum. Furthermore, interfering with ecdysone signaling using an ecdysone receptor antagonist or knocking down the ecdysone receptor gene with RNAi resulted in an increased production of winged offspring. Molecular mechanism of wing type differentiation of aphids starts from the expressed differential genes or proteins of winged and wingless aphid of the same genotype.
Key words: aphids; wing dimorphism; polyphenism; environmental factor; ecological adaptation
| [1] |
彩万志, 庞雄飞, 花保祯, 等. 普通昆虫学[M]. 北京: 中国农业大学出版社, 2011: 238-243.
|
| [2] |
郭姗姗. 胰岛素信号通路参与调节豌豆蚜的翅非遗传多型[D]. 杨凌: 西北农林科技大学, 2016: 1-7, 52-55.
|
| [3] |
|
| [4] |
龚豪, 李川, 史胜利, 等. 有翅型与无翅型棉蚜发育及繁殖能力比较研究[J]. 西南农业学报, 2009, 22(6):1785-1788.
|
| [5] |
|
| [6] |
|
| [7] |
朱道弘. 昆虫翅型分化的调控及翅多型性的进化[J]. 昆虫知识, 2009, 46(1):11-16.
|
| [8] |
曹敏. 禾谷缢管蚜翅型分化相关基因的cDNA克隆及分析[D]. 北京: 中国农业大学, 2004: 1-7.
|
| [9] |
|
| [10] |
王小艺, 杨忠岐, 魏可, 等. 昆虫翅型分化的表型可塑性机制[J]. 生态学报, 2015, 35(12):3988-3999.
|
| [11] |
刘佳妮, 桂富荣, 李正跃. 影响白背飞虱翅型分化的相关因子[J]. 植物保护学报, 2010, 37(6):511-516.
|
| [12] |
张方梅. 麦长管蚜翅型分化相关的生态学及microRNA水平的分子机理研究[D]. 北京: 中国农业科学院, 2015: 1-6, 33-43, 114-115.
|
| [13] |
俞金婷, 陈小芳, 任应党, 等. 植物病媒昆虫的翅型分化[J]. 昆虫学报, 2020, 63(2) : 229-234.
|
| [14] |
|
| [15] |
|
| [16] |
张国安, 赵惠燕. 昆虫生态学与害虫预测预报[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 2012: 37-40.
|
| [17] |
张廷伟, 陈万斌, 刘长仲, 等. 不同光周期条件下绿色型豌豆蚜性蚜分化规律研究[J]. 中国生态农业学报, 2017, 25(2):166-171.
|
| [18] |
张传溪, 徐厚樑, 唐觉. 温度对角倍蚜越冬世代多型现象的影响[J]. 昆虫学报, 1993, 36(4):497-499.
|
| [19] |
刘树生, 吴晓晶. 温度对桃蚜和萝卜蚜翅型分化的影响[J]. 昆虫学报, 1994, 37(3):292-297.
|
| [20] |
万两, 盛洪珍, 蔡瑷安, 等. 影响褐飞虱和蚜虫翅型分化的外部因素[J]. 作物研究, 2012, 26(5):620-622.
|
| [21] |
|
| [22] |
付雪, 叶乐夫, 王佳佳, 等. 拥挤度和杀虫剂对蚜虫翅型分化和生长繁殖的影响[J]. 中国农学通报, 2019, 35(36):143-149.
|
| [23] |
张辉. [反]-β-法尼烯(EBF)对玉米蚜(Rhopalosphum maidis Fitch)行为及翅型分化的影响[D]. 福州:福建农林大学, 2010: 3-5, 42-43.
|
| [24] |
|
| [25] |
徐超, 王利沙, 朱香镇, 等. 禾谷缢管蚜翅型分化与共生菌的关联[J/OL]. 中国生物防治学报, 2021:https://doi.org/10.16409/j.cnki.2095-039x.2021.05.005.
|
| [26] |
|
| [27] |
|
| [28] |
|
| [29] |
余月书, 郑绵婵, 唐莉. 农药及空间大小对桃蚜翅型分化的影响[J]. 上海农业学报, 2016, 32(2):6164.
|
| [30] |
李昭, 郭圆, 刘勇, 等. 亚致死剂量杀虫剂对两种蚜虫翅型、发育和生殖的影响[J]. 应用昆虫学报, 2018, 55(5):896-903.
|
| [31] |
郭圆, 李昭, 刘勇, 等. 7种抗病毒制剂对蚜虫翅型分化等生物学的影响[J]. 华中昆虫研究, 2017(1):123-130.
|
| [32] |
|
| [33] |
邹运鼎, 杨义和, 章炳旺, 等. 棉花苗期棉株内含物与棉蚜种群消长动态及成蚜翅型分化的关系[J]. 昆虫知识, 1991, 28(1):14-17.
|
| [34] |
杨益众, 张建军, 戴志一, 等. 影响禾缢管蚜翅型分化的因子初探[J]. 江苏农业研究, 2000(1):56-59, 63.
|
| [35] |
郭萧. 麦长管蚜与小麦互作及其翅发育和飞行肌降解[D]. 北京: 中国农业科学院, 2010: 18-19.
|
| [36] |
蓝浩. 不同抗蚜性小麦品种对麦长管蚜转录组和翅型分化的影响[D]. 杨凌: 西北农林科技大学, 2020: 48-52.
|
| [37] |
张琼秀, 孙梓暄, 李广宏, 等. 三种外源激素类物质对白背飞虱(Sogatella furcifera)翅型分化的影响[J]. 生态学报, 2008, 28(12):5994-5998.
|
| [38] |
|
| [39] |
|
| [40] |
|
| [41] |
宋丽梅. 蚜虫翅型分化的蛋白质组学研究[D]. 北京: 中国农业大学, 2018: 15, 48-50.
|
| [42] |
|
| [43] |
杨宗霖, 王艺, 马田田, 等. 有翅和无翅豌豆蚜中翅型分化信号通路相关微小RNA及其靶基因的表达差异[J]. 昆虫学报, 2019, 62(11):1260-1270.
|
| [44] |
张秋圆, 李昭, 张慧杰, 等. 萝卜蚜有翅型和无翅型转录组差异分析[J]. 华中农业大学学报, 2019, 38(4):40-44.
|
| [45] |
|
| [46] |
|
| [47] |
|
| [48] |
|
| [49] |
|
| [50] |
|
| [51] |
|
| [52] |
|
| [53] |
|
| [54] |
李勇民. 蚜虫的转主寄生与成瘿[J]. 惠州农学院学报, 1992, 11(2):67-72.
|
| [55] |
张广学, 乔格侠. 蚜虫社会行为学概述[J]. 昆虫知识, 1997, 34(3):174-178.
|
| [56] |
|
| [57] |
郭韶堃, 罗丹, 李志红, 等. 昆虫翅发育研究的现状与前景[J]. 植物保护学报, 2017, 44(2):185-195.
|
/
| 〈 |
|
〉 |