1 材料与方法
1.1 材料
1.2 方法
表1 不同处理单个小区施肥时机及肥料施用量Tab. 1 Time and amount of fertilization in single plot of different treatments |
| 处理 Treatments | 4月20日种植前基肥 20th April Base fertilizer before planting/kg | 5月14日小喇叭口期 14th May Small bell period/kg | 5月30日大喇叭口期 30th May Big bell period/kg | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 复合肥 Compound fertilizer | 蚕沙生物有机肥 Silkworm manure bio-organic fertilizer | 含腐殖酸有机肥 Organic fertilizer containing humic acid | 复合肥 Compound fertilizer | 复合肥 Compound fertilizer | 硫酸钾 Potassium sulfate | |
| 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 2 | 0.428 | 0 | 0 | 0.428 | 0.571 | 0.107 |
| 3 | 0.342 | 29.98 | 0 | 0.342 | 0.457 | 0.085 |
| 4 | 0.342 | 0 | 29.98 | 0.342 | 0.457 | 0.085 |
1.3 数据处理
2 结果与分析
2.1 不同施肥处理对玉米植株农艺性状的影响
表2 不同施肥处理玉米植株的农艺性状比较Tab. 2 Comparison of agronomic characters of maize plants under different fertilization treatments |
| 处理 Treatments | 株高 Plant height/cm | 茎粗 Stem diameter/mm | 叶片数 Number of leaves | 叶片长 Leaf length/cm | 叶片宽 Leaf width/cm | SPAD |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 185.72±7.78b | 24.84±1.67b | 13.20±0.53a | 85.08±1.57c | 9.97±0.47b | 52.97±3.07b |
| 2 | 197.17±3.68a | 25.54±0.17b | 13.27±0.95a | 87.24±1.87bc | 10.39±0.14ab | 57.06±0.74a |
| 3 | 203.12±1.82a | 28.59±2.02a | 13.33±0.46a | 91.17±0.64a | 10.60±0.23a | 57.52±0.61a |
| 4 | 197.87±3.48a | 27.12±0.88ab | 13.47±0.12a | 89.37±2.09ab | 10.72±0.27a | 56.86±0.39a |
注:同列数据后不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)。 | |
Note: Different lowercase letters in the same column represented significant difference (P<0.05). |
2.2 不同施肥处理对玉米产量及果穗性状的影响
表3 不同施肥处理下果穗性状的比较Tab. 3 Comparison of ear characters under different fertilization treatments |
| 处理 Treatments | 穗长 Ear length/cm | 穗粗 Ear diameter/mm | 穗重 Ear weight/g | 穗粒重 Kernel weight/g | 百粒重 100-kernels weight/g |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 19.68±0.68ab | 45.47±0.70a | 213.00±7.94a | 142.00±3.61a | 31.94±1.06a |
| 2 | 18.69±0.12b | 46.79±0.99a | 220.67±11.55a | 151.33±7.57a | 33.27±2.16a |
| 3 | 20.02±0.94a | 44.13±1.87a | 215.00±13.23a | 146.00±6.56a | 32.57±1.35a |
| 4 | 19.50±0.24ab | 45.31±2.63a | 220.00±12.17a | 155.00±13.23a | 33.80±0.55a |
注:同列数据后不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)。 | |
Note: Different lowercase letters in the same column represented significant difference (P<0.05). |
2.3 不同施肥处理对籽粒养分及品质的影响
表4 不同施肥处理下籽粒养分品质的比较Tab. 4 Comparison of kernel nutrient and quality under different fertilization treatments |
| 处理 Treatments | 总氮 Total N/% | 总磷 Total P/% | 总钾 Total K/% | 蛋白质 Protein/% | 脂肪 Fat/% | 淀粉 Starch/% | 可溶性糖 Soluble sugar/% |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 0.74±0.01ab | 0.17±0.04c | 0.26±0.01a | 4.59±0.03ab | 1.85±0.05a | 30.90±0.26a | 0.65±0.04b |
| 2 | 0.76±0.05a | 0.31±0.05b | 0.27±0.02a | 4.64±0.22ab | 1.87±0.06a | 30.63±0.99a | 0.83±0.20ab |
| 3 | 0.71±0.03b | 0.41±0.01a | 0.30±0.00a | 4.44±0.16b | 1.70±0.00a | 28.50±0.26b | 1.05±0.09a |
| 4 | 0.77±0.02a | 0.35±0.03ab | 0.31±0.05a | 4.76±0.12a | 1.95±0.25a | 30.45±0.80a | 0.59±0.14b |
注:同列数据后不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)。 | |
Note: Different lowercase letters in the same column represented significant difference (P<0.05). |
2.4 不同施肥处理对土壤有机质含量和固氮菌数量的影响
图2 不同处理下土壤有机质和固氮菌数量的比较同一柱状图中不同小写字母表示不同处理之间差异显著(P<0.05)。 Fig. 2 Comparison of soil organic matter and colonies quantity of nitrogen-fixing bacteria under different treatments Different lowercase letters in the same histogram represented significant difference in different treatment (P<0.05). |
2.5 各指标间的相关性分析
图3 不同指标相关性分析结果图中蓝色代表正相关,红色代表负相关,颜色越深、圆圈面积越大代表两两间相关性越高,*说明2个不同指标间显著相关(P<0.05),**说明2个不同指标间极显著相关(P<0.01)。 Fig. 3 Correlation analysis results of different indicators Blue represents the positive correlation and red represents the negative correlation. The darker color, the larger circle area represent the higher correlation between two indicators. * indicates that there is a significant correlation between two different indicators (P<0.05), ** indicates that there is a significant correlation between the two different indicators (P<0.01). |
