1 材料与方法
1.1 试验地概况
1.2 试验设计
表1 番茄水肥试验的灌溉定额Tab. 1 Irrigation ration of water and fertilizer experiment in tomato field |
| 灌溉处理 Irrigation treatments | 灌溉定额 Irrigation ration /(m3·hm-2) | 灌水量 Irrigation amount/mm | 灌水次数 Irrigating frequency |
|---|---|---|---|
| W1 | 4469.10 | 297.94 | 15 |
| W2 | 2253.60 | 281.70 | 8 |
| W3 | 1806.70 | 258.10 | 7 |
表2 番茄水肥试验的施肥用量Tab. 1 Fertilizing amount of water and fertilizer experiment in tomato field |
| 氮肥处理 Nitrogen fertilizer treatments | 肥料用量 Application amount of fertilizer/(kg·hm-2) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| N | P2O5 | K2O | |
| N1 | 240 | 458.06 | 361.54 |
| N2 | 210 | ||
| N3 | 180 | ||
| N4 | 150 | ||
1.3 测定方法
1.4 数据处理
2 结果与分析
2.1 不同水肥处理番茄产量的变化
表3 不同水肥组合下的番茄产量Tab. 3 Change of tomato yield under different treatments of water and fertilizer |
| 水肥组合 Water-fertilizer treatments | 果实总个数 Fruit number | 成熟个数 Mature fruit number | 成熟单果重 Single-fruit weight/g | 产量 Yield/(t·hm-2) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| W1N1 | 22.17±7.18a | 12.58±3.40ab | 64.57±19.57b | 25.29±9.86a |
| W1N2 | 25.83±7.46a | 12.58±3.42ab | 74.14±33.61ab | 30.77±18.96a |
| W1N3 | 24.42±5.89a | 12.58±5.11ab | 67.53±16.97b | 27.14±13.11a |
| W1N4 | 21.42±4.95ab | 12.50±3.06ab | 69.98±20.53b | 27.35±9.96a |
| W2N1 | 22.58±6.84a | 11.50±4.58ab | 94.93±20.54a | 34.04±15.18a |
| W2N2 | 22.42±7.34a | 11.75±4.43ab | 85.79±20.71ab | 31.67±16.32a |
| W2N3 | 20.25±14.01ab | 9.08±5.14bc | 87.61±22.23ab | 25.91±18.81a |
| W2N4 | 14.83±7.11b | 7.50±5.25c | 83.82±42.30ab | 24.37±21.07a |
| W3N1 | 21.83±6.28ab | 12.67±3.47ab | 72.77±33.65ab | 28.97±14.81a |
| W3N2 | 21.75±6.94ab | 12.17±5.47ab | 74.15±20.43ab | 29.15±14.90a |
| W3N3 | 27.33±9.42a | 15.33±5.09a | 77.17±24.10ab | 35.56±12.32a |
| W3N4 | 21.50±7.62ab | 12.67±5.71ab | 85.38±24.66ab | 32.55±16.11a |
注:同列不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。 | |
Note: Different lowercase letters in the same column indicate significant difference among different treatments (P<0.05). |
表4 水肥耦合对番茄产量影响的显著性检验结果(F值)Tab. 4 F values of significance test on the coupling effect of water and fertilizer on tomato yield |
| 项目Items | 果实总个数Fruit number | 成熟个数Mature fruit number | 成熟单果重Single-fruit weight | 产量Yield |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 水分因素 | 2.752 | 6.716** | 6.443** | 0.794 |
| 氮肥因素 | 2.546 | 0.796 | 0.063 | 0.151 |
| 水分×氮肥 | 1.151 | 1.359 | 1.607 | 0.833 |
注:*表示差异显著(P<0.05),**表示差异极显著(P<0.01)。 | |
Note: * indicates significant difference (P<0.05), ** indicates extremely significant difference (P<0.01). |
2.2 不同水肥处理番茄果实品质的变化
表5 不同水肥组合下的番茄品质Tab. 5 Change of tomato quality under different treatments of water and fertilizer |
| 水肥组合 Water-fertilizer treatments | 果横径 Fruit diameter /mm | 果纵径 Fruit height /mm | 果梗洼大小 Size of stem /mm | 木栓化 Degree of suberification /mm | 糖含量 Content of sugar/% | pH | 番茄红素含量 Content of lycopene /(µg·mL-1) | 维C含量 Content of vitamin C /(mg·100 g-1) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| W1N1 | 55.91±5.05bcd | 50.01±4.19ab | 13.24±3.34ab | 20.89±4.11a | 5.31±0.50ab | 4.07±0.22a | 1.15±0.23bc | 11.54±2.07a |
| W1N2 | 58.09±4.82abcd | 50.62±3.63ab | 12.05±2.22abc | 20.56±7.58a | 4.90±0.67bc | 4.10±0.13a | 1.02±0.32bc | 9.57±0.89a |
| W1N3 | 54.52±6.00cd | 48.88±4.14ab | 11.22±1.44bc | 17.56±7.80a | 5.49±0.98ab | 4.17±0.30a | 1.42±0.44ab | 27.13±50.29a |
| W1N4 | 57.65±5.81abcd | 49.50±4.18ab | 12.90±2.73ab | 20.89±7.87a | 5.30±0.75ab | 4.16±0.31a | 1.72±0.95a | 39.71±47.11a |
| W2N1 | 60.90±2.49abc | 52.85±1.63a | 13.82±1.22a | 20.44±7.86a | 4.87±0.48bc | 4.23±0.24a | 0.84±0.19c | 9.92±2.63a |
| W2N2 | 60.01±3.46abc | 52.10±2.65ab | 12.38±1.11abc | 21.50±8.86a | 4.70±0.55bc | 4.12±0.23a | 1.14±0.31bc | 46.46±64.79a |
| W2N3 | 62.68±6.68a | 51.76±3.41ab | 13.35±2.05ab | 23.89±7.57a | 4.59±0.72bc | 4.18±0.32a | 0.73±0.17c | 37.12±42.84a |
| W2N4 | 60.01±8.21abc | 51.83±5.41ab | 14.50±2.46a | 19.17±7.67a | 4.60±0.44bc | 4.26±0.29a | 1.00±0.42bc | 12.11±2.23a |
| W3N1 | 53.38±9.07d | 47.28±9.30b | 10.28±2.84c | 24.67±10.55a | 6.03±1.79a | 3.98±0.39a | 0.83±0.15c | 10.91±3.76a |
| W3N2 | 59.52±4.61abcd | 50.37±3.05ab | 11.25±2.18bc | 22.39±7.35a | 5.29±0.92ab | 3.97±0.22a | 1.14±0.45bc | 21.77±26.55a |
| W3N3 | 61.41±7.31ab | 52.36±3.64a | 12.75±3.32abc | 22.56±10.48a | 4.32±0.47c | 4.07±0.26a | 0.96±0.38c | 22.01±30.98a |
| W3N4 | 62.53±4.23a | 53.44±3.95a | 13.90±1.71a | 18.89±5.64a | 5.22±0.74ab | 4.08±0.26a | 0.83±0.19c | 43.90±49.70a |
注:同列不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。 | |
Note: Different lowercase letters in the same column indicate significant difference among different treatments (P<0.05). |
表6 水肥耦合对番茄品质影响的显著性检验结果(F值)Tab. 6 F values of significance test on the coupling effect of water and fertilizer on tomato quality |
| 项目 Items | 果横径 Fruit diameter | 果纵径 Fruit height | 果梗洼大小 Size of stem | 木栓化 Degree of suberification | 糖含量 Content of sugar | pH | 番茄红素含量 Content of lycopene | 维C含量 Content of vitamin C |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 水分因素 | 4.919** | 2.549 | 3.952* | 0.666 | 5.160** | 3.749* | 11.121** | 0.143 |
| 氮肥因素 | 1.675 | 0.549 | 3.151* | 0.443 | 2.542 | 0.728 | 1.633 | 1.899 |
| 水分×氮肥 | 1.833 | 1.549 | 1.870 | 0.656 | 2.434* | 0.193 | 3.223** | 1.665 |
注:*表示差异显著(P<0.05),**表示差异极显著(P<0.01)。 | |
Note: * indicates significant difference (P<0.05), ** indicates extremely significant difference (P<0.01). |
表7 主成分的特征值、贡献率和累积贡献率Tab. 7 Eigenvalues, contribution proportions and cumulative contribution proportions of main principle component |
| 主成分 Principle component | 特征值Eigenvalue | 贡献率 Contribution proportion/% | 累积贡献率 Cumulative contribution proportion/% |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 3.421 | 42.759 | 42.759 |
| 2 | 1.346 | 16.826 | 59.585 |
| 3 | 1.015 | 12.691 | 72.277 |
| 4 | 0.762 | 9.530 | 81.807 |
| 5 | 0.559 | 6.986 | 88.793 |
| 6 | 0.472 | 5.898 | 94.691 |
| 7 | 0.272 | 3.397 | 98.088 |
| 8 | 0.153 | 1.912 | 100.000 |
表8 不同水肥耦合番茄品质的综合评判结果Tab. 8 Comprehensive evaluation results of tomato quality with different water-fertilizer treatments |
| 水肥组合Water-fertilizer treatments | F1 | F2 | F3 | F4 | F | 排序Sort |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| W1N1 | -0.184 | 1.122 | 0.030 | 0.821 | 0.897 | 1 |
| W1N2 | -0.579 | 0.537 | -0.460 | 0.491 | 0.252 | 3 |
| W1N3 | -0.071 | -0.352 | -0.204 | 0.235 | 0.109 | 5 |
| W1N4 | -0.210 | -0.024 | -0.108 | 0.424 | 0.296 | 2 |
| W2N1 | 0.458 | -0.054 | -0.620 | -0.018 | 0.091 | 6 |
| W2N2 | 0.477 | -0.239 | 0.309 | -0.759 | -0.521 | 11 |
| W2N3 | 0.171 | 0.330 | 0.234 | -0.270 | -0.100 | 8 |
| W2N4 | 0.436 | -0.324 | -0.419 | -0.232 | -0.142 | 9 |
| W3N1 | 0.306 | 0.144 | 0.156 | -1.058 | -0.833 | 12 |
| W3N2 | 0.381 | -0.344 | 0.185 | -0.047 | 0.084 | 7 |
| W3N3 | -0.269 | -0.150 | 0.428 | 0.249 | 0.151 | 4 |
| W3N4 | -0.915 | -0.648 | 0.471 | 0.165 | -0.284 | 10 |
2.3 不同水肥处理水肥利用效率的变化
表9 不同水肥组合下的水肥利用效率Tab. 9 Change of water-fertilizer use efficiency under different treatments of water and fertilizer |
| 水肥组合 Water-fertilizer treatments | 水分利用效率 Water use efficiency/(kg·m-3) | 肥料偏生产力 Fertilizer use efficiency/(kg·kg-1) |
|---|---|---|
| W1N1 | 5.66±2.21c | 23.86±9.30a |
| W1N2 | 6.88±4.24c | 29.88±18.42a |
| W1N3 | 6.07±2.93c | 27.15±13.11a |
| W1N4 | 6.12±2.22c | 28.21±10.27a |
| W2N1 | 15.11±6.74ab | 32.13±14.33a |
| W2N2 | 14.06±7.24ab | 30.76±15.85a |
| W2N3 | 11.50±8.35bc | 25.92±18.82a |
| W2N4 | 10.81±9.35bc | 25.13±21.73a |
| W3N1 | 16.03±8.19ab | 27.34±13.97a |
| W3N2 | 16.13±8.25ab | 28.31±14.47a |
| W3N3 | 19.68±6.82a | 35.57±12.32a |
| W3N4 | 18.02±8.92a | 33.57±16.62a |
注:同列不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。 | |
Note: Different lowercase letters in the same column indicate significant difference among different treatments (P<0.05). |
表10 水肥耦合对水肥利用效率影响的显著性检验结果(F值)Tab. 10 F values of significance test on coupling effect of water and fertilizer use sfficiency |
| 项目 Items | 水分利用效率 Water use efficiency | 肥料偏生产力 Fertilizer use sfficiency |
|---|---|---|
| 水分因素 | 33.553** | 0.824 |
| 氮肥因素 | 0.098 | 0.113 |
| 水分×氮肥 | 0.922 | 0.826 |
注: **表示差异极显著(P<0.01)。 | |
Note: ** indicates extremely significant difference (P<0.01). |
