1 材料与方法
1.1 材料
1.2 方法
表1 实时荧光定量PCR所用引物Tab. 1 Sequences of specific primers used for quantitative real-time PCR |
| 基因ID Gene ID | 基因名称 Gene name | 引物序列(5°‒3°) Prime sequence (5°‒3°) | 产物大小 Product size/bp | 退火温度 Tm/℃ |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| TRINITY_DN34248_c1_g1 | DFR | F: CTCCTAGAGCGCGGTTACAC | 149 | 60 |
| R: CTTCACTAAAGCTTCCCTCCAC | ||||
| TRINITY_DN33113_c1_g1 | CHS | F: GACTGTCAAGGTGGGTGTCA | 101 | 60 |
| R: GGACCTCGCTGAGAACAACA | ||||
| TRINITY_DN33700_c3_g1 | CHI | F: ACCTACCATTTCCCTGCAGC | 146 | 60 |
| R: GACAGAGCTGAAGACCCACC | ||||
| TRINITY_DN30694_c0_g4 | C4H | F: GCCATCGTGATCTCAAAGC | 161 | 59 |
| R: ATGCGGAGGAGGAATACGT | ||||
| TRINITY_DN34559_c2_g3 | HST | F: TGATGCTGACTTTGGATGG | 107 | 59 |
| R: ACAAACTCCCGTCGTTGG | ||||
| TRINITY_DN29797_c0_g2 | CCOMT | F: TTGGAAGGACTGGGTGGTG | 118 | 60 |
| R: ACCCGTCTCATCTGCTTCTG | ||||
| TRINITY_DN34838_c3_g2 | F3'H | F: CGGTCGAGTTCTTCTTGGA | 167 | 59 |
| R: AATGCTGATGGTGAGGGTG | ||||
| TRINITY_DN27691_c0_g1 | LDOX | F: TTCTCCTTGTTGACGAGCC | 179 | 58 |
| R: GCCCTCACCTTCATCCTAC | ||||
| TRINITY_DN31152_c2_g1 | AAT | F: TGAAACTGCGAACCAAACAG | 133 | 60 |
| R: TTGAGGACGGAAGACATGG | ||||
| TRINITY_DN34055_c1_g1 | ACT3 | F: TTAGACGTTGTGTAGCCAGCA | 174 | 60 |
| R: CTACTTGCGTTGTGATCCGG |
2 结果与分析
2.1 转录组测序质量分析和De novo组装
表2 五指毛桃转录组数据统计和质量评估Tab. 2 Statistics and raw reads and clean reads in transcriptome of F. hirta Vahl |
| 样品 Sample | 原始数据Raw data | 高质量数据Clean data | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 读取总数 Total reads count | 碱基总数 Total bases count/bp | Q30碱基比率 Q30 bases ratio/% | 读取总数 Total reads count | 碱基总数 Total bases count/bp | Q30碱基比率 Q30 bases ratio/% | |
| 根 | 54 938 740 | 8 240 811 000 | 90.00 | 47 635 582 | 6 586 283 353 | 94.92 |
| 茎 | 49 382 530 | 7 407 379 500 | 91.62 | 45 976 160 | 6 337 511 886 | 95.03 |
| 叶 | 48 584 930 | 7 287 739 500 | 91.73 | 45 100 670 | 6 203 066 849 | 95.05 |
2.2 五指毛桃unigene的注释分析
表3 五指毛桃unigenes在公共数据库中的注释数量和比例Tab. 3 Percentage and numbers of F. hirta Vahl annotated in public databases |
| 注释的数据库 Annotated in database | 注释到的转录本数量 Number of genes | 比例 Percentage/% |
|---|---|---|
| 保守结构域数据库(CDD) | 41548 | 39.82 |
| 真核生物蛋白质同源簇数据库(KOG) | 32530 | 31.18 |
| 美国国立生物技术信息中心非冗余蛋白库(Nr) | 46498 | 44.57 |
| 美国国立生物技术信息中心核苷酸序列数据库(Nt) | 36979 | 35.44 |
| 蛋白质家族数据库(Pfam) | 29100 | 27.89 |
| 瑞士蛋白质序列及注解数据(Swiss-Prot) | 49172 | 47.13 |
| 欧洲分子生物学实验室蛋白质数据库(TrEMBL) | 46164 | 44.25 |
| 基因本体数据库(GO) | 51552 | 49.41 |
| 京都基因与基因组百科全书(KEGG) | 3618 | 3.47 |
| 以上数据库至少一个注释成功 | 62142 | 59.56 |
| 以上数据库均注释成功 | 2307 | 2.21 |
图3 五指毛桃unigene序列KOG功能分类横轴上每个字母代表一个KOG的功能分类,见图注右侧;纵轴为注释到该分类下的基因数目。 Fig. 3 KOG functional classification of unigenes from F. hirta Vahl Each letter on the horizontal axis represents a functional classification of KOG, specific annotation comments are on the right figure. The vertical axis shows the number of genes annotated to this classification. |
图4 五指毛桃unigene序列GO功能分类横轴为GO的二级分类,纵轴为该分类基因个数(右)及其占被注释上基因总数的百分比(左)。不同颜色代表不同的GO分类。 Fig. 4 GO functional classification of unigenes from F. hirta Vahl The horizontal axis represents the secondary classification of GO, and the vertical axis indicates the number of genes in the classification (right) and their percentage of the total number of genes annotated (left). Different colors represent different orthologs |
图5 五指毛桃unigene序列KEGG功能分类横轴为KEGG二级分类,纵轴为该分类基因个数。不同颜色代表不同的分类。 Fig. 5 KEGG functional classification of unigenes from F. hirta Vahl The horizontal axis represents the secondary classification of KEGG, and the vertical axis indicates the number of genes in the classification. Different colors represent different orthologs |
2.3 五指毛桃根、茎、叶差异表达基因的分析
表4 五指毛桃黄酮类生物合成通路中差异表达基因Tab. 4 Differently expression genes related to flavonoid biosynthesis of F. hirta Vahl |
| 酶 Enzyme | KO途径 KO pathway | 基因ID Gene ID | TPM值 TPM value | 长度 Length/bp | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 根Root | 茎Stem | 叶Leaf | ||||
| 二氢黄酮醇4-还原酶 | ko00941 Flavonoid biosynthesis | TRINITY_DN34248_c1_g1 | 13 | 167 | 4146 | 1369 |
| ko00941 Flavonoid biosynthesis | TRINITY_DN34248_c1_g4 | 30 | 219 | 363 | 1507 | |
| 查尔酮合成酶 | ko00941 Flavonoid biosynthesis | TRINITY_DN33113_c1_g1 | 131 | 576 | 2721 | 1595 |
| ko00941 Flavonoid biosynthesis | TRINITY_DN34707_c1_g1 | 19 | 210 | 1187 | 1152 | |
| 查尔酮异构酶 | ko00941 Flavonoid biosynthesis | TRINITY_DN33700_c3_g1 | 324 | 420 | 2427 | 1275 |
| 查尔酮-黄烷酮异构酶 | ko00941 Flavonoid biosynthesis | TRINITY_DN31035_c3_g1 | 1 | 23 | 134 | 1071 |
| ko00941 Flavonoid biosynthesis | TRINITY_DN31035_c3_g2 | 40 | 161 | 23 | 972 | |
| 反式肉桂酸4-单加 氧酶 | ko00940 Phenylpropanoid biosynthesis | TRINITY_DN30694_c0_g4 | 6013 | 15421 | 12224 | 1952 |
| ko00940 Phenylpropanoid biosynthesis | TRINITY_DN26685_c0_g1 | 28 | 299 | 51 | 1879 | |
| 莽草酸羟基肉桂酰 转移酶 | ko00941 Flavonoid biosynthesis | TRINITY_DN34559_c2_g3 | 1566 | 2822 | 221 | 1291 |
| 咖啡酰辅酶A O-甲基转移酶 | ko00945 Stilbenoid, diarylheptanoid and gingerol biosynthesis | TRINITY_DN29797_c0_g2 | 2046 | 1273 | 580 | 1081 |
| 黄酮类3’-单加氧酶 | ko00944 Flavone and flavonol biosynthesis | TRINITY_DN34838_c3_g2 | 450 | 244 | 883 | 1810 |
| 百花色素双加氧酶 | ko00941 Flavonoid biosynthesis | TRINITY_DN27691_c0_g1 | 49 | 480 | 0 | 1292 |
| 乙醇乙酰基转移酶 | ko00941 Flavonoid biosynthesis | TRINITY_DN31328_c2_g2 | 125 | 1338 | 10 | 1575 |
| ko00941 Flavonoid biosynthesis | TRINITY_DN31152_c2_g1 | 2277 | 3452 | 7936 | 2147 | |
| 细胞色素P450 | ko00941 Flavonoid biosynthesis | TRINITY_DN33319_c0_g2 | 5575 | 10620 | 1494 | 1915 |
2.4 五指毛桃根、茎、叶基因转录本的SSR和SNP/InDel分析
2.5 五指毛桃黄酮类化合物生物合成关键基因RT-qPCR分析
图8 五指毛桃黄酮类化合物生物合成关键基因RT-qPCR验证DFR:二氢黄酮醇4-还原酶;CHS:查尔酮合成酶;CHI:查尔酮异构酶;C4H:反式肉桂酸4-单加氧酶;HST:莽草酸羟基肉桂酰转移酶;CCOMT:咖啡酰辅酶A-O-甲基转移酶;F3°H:黄酮类3°-单加氧酶;LDOX:百花色素双加氧酶;AAT:乙醇乙酰基转移酶。 Fig. 8 RT-qPCR verification for key genes involved in flavonoid biosynthesis pathway in F. hirta Vahl DFR: dihydroflavonol-4-reductase; CHS: chalcone synthase; CHI: chalcone isomerase; C4H: trans-cinnamate 4-monooxygenase; HST: shikimate hydroxycinnamoyltransferase; CCOMT: caffeoyl-CoA O-methyltransferase; F3°H: flavonoid 3'-monooxygenase; LDOX: leucoanthocyanidin dioxygenase; AAT: alcohol acetyltransferase. |
