1 材料与方法
1.1 材料
1.2 方法
表1 搅拌型杧果酸奶的感官评价标准Tab. 1 Sensory evaluation criteria for stirred mango yogurt |
| 评定项目 Assessment items | 产品特征 Product characteristics | 分值/分 Score/points |
|---|---|---|
| 色泽(10分) | 色泽均匀,淡黄色 | 8~10 |
| 色泽一般,呈微黄色 | 5~7 | |
| 色泽不均匀 | <4 | |
| 口感(50分) | 口感爽滑,无粉感、无颗粒,粘度适中,酸甜适中 | 30~50 |
| 口感爽滑,略有无粉感、无颗粒, 粘度略稀或略稠,稍酸或稍甜 | 20~30 | |
| 口感一般,粉感强,有颗粒, 粘度过稀或过稠,过酸或过甜 | <10 | |
| 滋味和气味 (15分) | 酸奶特征滋气味明显且香气饱满 | 10~15 |
| 酸奶特征滋气味明显,香气稍有不足 | 5~10 | |
| 酸奶特征滋气味和香气均略有不足 | <5 | |
| 组织状态 (25分) | 组织细腻,杧果酱与酸奶的混合均匀,不分层,无乳清析出 | 18~25 |
| 组织较细腻,杧果酱与酸奶的凝块混合较均匀,少量乳清析出 | 8~17 | |
| 组织不均匀,杧果酱与酸奶分层, 有沉淀,大量乳清析出 | <8 |
1.3 数据处理
2 结果与分析
2.1 稳定剂对酸奶感官分值和持水力的影响
表2 单一稳定剂对杧果酸奶的影响Tab. 2 Effect of single stabilizer on mango yoghurt |
| 样品 Samles | 持水力 WHC/% | 感官分值 Sensory score | 产品缺陷 Product defects |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1.0%ADA | 69.50±4.41a | 70.3±0.30b | 颜色不均 |
| 0.04%瓜尔豆胶 | 61.00±0.35b | 74.2±0.10a | 乳清析出 |
| 0.10%PGA | 67.50±2.41a | 70.7±0.20b | 口感粗糙 |
| 空白 | 59.40±1.10b | 67.0±0.50c | 以上均有 |
注:同列不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)。 | |
Note: Different lowercase letters in the same column indicate significant difference (P<0.05). |
表3 复配稳定剂对杧果酸奶持水力和感官分数影响的正交分析表Tab. 3 Orthogonal analysis of effect of stabilizer blend on WHC and sensory score of mango yogurt |
| 组别Groups | PGA | ADA | 瓜尔豆胶Guar gum | 感官分值Sensory score | WHC/% | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 0.01 | 0.1 | 0.004 | 69.8±1.43bc | 70.81±0.40bcd | |||
| 2 | 0.02 | 0.1 | 0.008 | 68.0±0.76cd | 69.97±2.61b | |||
| 3 | 0.03 | 0.1 | 0.012 | 72.9±0.95f | 71.91±2.12bcd | |||
| 4 | 0.02 | 0.2 | 0.004 | 71.9±0.26e | 71.57±2.02bcd | |||
| 5 | 0.03 | 0.2 | 0.008 | 76.3±0.28g | 75.57±1.00d | |||
| 6 | 0.01 | 0.2 | 0.012 | 68.3±0.11bc | 69.93±0.81b | |||
| 7 | 0.03 | 0.3 | 0.004 | 69.9±0.06d | 74.17±1.83cd | |||
| 8 | 0.01 | 0.3 | 0.008 | 67.5±0.40a | 71.17±1.63bc | |||
| 9 | 0.02 | 0.3 | 0.012 | 67.9±0.17ab | 71.41±1.08bcd | |||
| 对感官分值 | K1 | 205.60 | 210.70 | 211.60 | ||||
| K2 | 207.80 | 216.50 | 211.80 | |||||
| K3 | 219.10 | 205.30 | 209.10 | |||||
| R1 | 13.50 | 11.20 | 2.70 | |||||
| 因素主次顺序 | PGA> ADA> 瓜尔豆胶 | |||||||
| 最优组合 | A3B2C2 | |||||||
| 对WHC | K1 | 211.91 | 212.69 | 216.55 | ||||
| K2 | 212.95 | 217.07 | 216.71 | |||||
| K3 | 221.65 | 216.74 | 213.25 | |||||
| R1 | 9.74 | 4.38 | 3.46 | |||||
| 因素主次顺序 | PGA>ADA> 瓜尔豆胶 | |||||||
| 最优组合 | A3B2C2 | |||||||
注:同列不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)。 | |
Note: Different lowercase letters in the same column indicate significant difference (P<0.05). |
2.2 pH与滴定酸度
表4 复配添加剂对杧果酸奶pH和滴定酸度的影响Tab. 4 Effects of mixed additives on pH and titration acidity of mango yoghurt |
| 组别Groups | pH | 滴定酸度 Titratable acidity/T |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 4.12±0.02a | 83.33±1.53b |
| 2 | 4.11±0.03a | 77.50±4.48b |
| 3 | 4.11±0.02a | 82.33±5.25b |
| 4 | 4.11±0.03a | 79.67±2.52b |
| 5 | 4.09±0.03a | 79.00±2.65b |
| 6 | 4.10±0.01a | 78.33±2.84b |
| 7 | 4.11±0.03a | 80.17±3.01b |
| 8 | 4.09±0.03a | 78.00±3.46b |
| 9 | 4.10±0.01a | 77.50±4.77b |
| 10 | 4.11±0.02a | 79.83±5.30b |
| 1.0%ADA | 4.10±0.01a | 75.15±4.38b |
| 0.04%瓜尔豆胶 | 4.09±0.03a | 81.03±2.15b |
| 0.10%PGA | 4.11±0.03a | 78.23±3.44b |
注:同列不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)。1~9为对应的正交试验组别,10为不添加任何稳定剂的空白对照。 | |
Note: Different lowercase letters in the same column indicate significant difference (P<0.05). 1-9 are the corresponding orthogonal test groups, and 10 is the blank control without any stabilizer. |
2.3 流变性质
表5 复配稳定剂对搅拌型杧果酸奶流变性质的影响Tab. 5 Effect of compound stabilizer on rheological properties of stirred mango yoghurt |
| 组别 Groups | A/Pa·s-1 | η50 up/mPa·s | η50 down/mPa·s | Kup | Kdown | nup | ndown |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 371.8±1.8f | 596.8±11.9g | 502.5±7.9h | 20.20±0.2i | 4.332±0.2g | 0.1779±0.01b | 0.4246±0.01a |
| 2 | 279.0±4.0b | 488.9±9.3cd | 419.7±6.4e | 14.48±0.1g | 2.886±0.1e | 0.2025±0.02c | 0.4693±0.02bc |
| 3 | 284.6±5.4b | 471.4±8.8c | 405.0±6.1d | 9.576±0.2c | 2.511±0.1c | 0.2437±0.01e | 0.4891±0.02cd |
| 4 | 277.7±2.3b | 449.8±8.6b | 385.8±5.9c | 10.11±0.1e | 2.580±0.1d | 0.2261±0.01c | 0.4726±0.02bc |
| 5 | 235.3±3.3a | 417.7±7.7a | 363.0±5.4b | 7.812±0.3a | 2.165±0.1b | 0.2579±0.01ef | 0.4951±0.02cd |
| 6 | 295.3±4.3c | 470.8±8.9c | 398.8±6.0d | 13.01±0.2f | 2.471±0.1c | 0.2111±0.01c | 0.4946±0.020d |
| 7 | 351.4±1.4e | 542.8±10.6e | 461.7±7.1f | 8.536±0.1b | 3.130±0.2f | 0.2677±0.02f | 0.4675±0.01c |
| 8 | 240.5±2.0a | 407.2±7.6a | 348.8±5.1a | 9.593±0.2cd | 2.058±0.1b | 0.2334±0.01d | 0.5040±0.02d |
| 9 | 396.0±2.0g | 571.1±11.2f | 474.9±7.3g | 13.32±0.3f | 3.037±0.1f | 0.2222±0.01cd | 0.4851±0.01 |
| 10 | 309.7±1.2d | 498.5±9.7d | 422.1±6.5e | 9.889±0.2d | 3.158±0.2f | 0.2478±0.02d | 0.4539±0.01b |
| 0.1% PGA | 720.1±1.1h | 670.8±13.2h | 502.1±6.9h | 14.98±0.2h | 1.268±0.1a | 0.2067±0.01c | 0.6796±0.03e |
| 1% ADA | 1359±9.0j | 963.8±21.3i | 630.3±8.6j | 48.86±0.7k | 1.374±0.1a | 0.1028±0.01a | 0.7166±0.04ef |
| 0.04%瓜尔豆胶 | 1107±7.0i | 868.7±17.9j | 594.0±7.3i | 46.58±0.7j | 1.312±0.1a | 0.1189±0.01a | 0.7527±0.06f |
注:A:滞后面积,即剪切应力上下曲线闭合区域面积;η50up/η50down:粘度升/降速曲线在剪切速率为50 s-1时的粘度值;Kup /K down:剪切应力升/降速曲线粘度系数(Pa·sn);nup/ndown:剪切应力升/降速曲线流体指数n;同列不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)。1~9为对应的正交试验组别,10为不添加任何稳定剂的空白对照。 | |
Note: A: The area of hysteresis is the area of the closed area of the upper and lower curves of shear stress; η50up / η50down: viscosity value of viscosity rise / fall curve at the shear rate of 50 s-1; Kup/K down: viscosity coefficient of shear stress rise / fall curve (Pa·sn); nup / ndown: fluid index n of shear stress rise / fall curve; Different lowercase letters in the same column indicate significant difference at the 0.05 level. 1-9 is the corresponding orthogonal test group, and 10 is the blank control without any stabilizer. |
