1 材料与方法
1.1 材料
1.2 方法
1.3 数据处理
2 结果与分析
2.1 不同倍性间木薯品种开花结实物候比较
表1 不同倍性间木薯品种开花结实物候比较Tab. 1 Comparison of flowering and fruiting phenology of cassava varieties with different ploidy |
| 观测项目 Observation items | 新选048(月-日) Xinxuan 048 (M-D) | 华南205(月-日) SC205 (M-D) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2x | 4x | 2x | 4x | |
| 现蕾期 | 8-90 | 8-11 | 8-21 | 8-26 |
| 初花期 | 8-16 | 8-18 | 9-30 | 9-90 |
| 盛花期 | 8-23 | 8-24 | 9-11 | 9-15 |
| 结实期 | 9-12 | 9-16 | 9-25 | 10-10 |
| 果熟期 | 11-25 | 11-29 | 12-10 | 12-11 |
| 落果期 | 12-20 | 12-26 | 1-50 | 1-12 |
2.2 不同倍性间木薯品种开花特性的比较
表2 不同倍性间木薯品种开花及坐果数量比较Tab. 2 Comparison of flowering and fruit setting in different ploidy cassava varieties |
| 性状 Characters | 新选048 Xinxuan048 | 增幅 Increased/% | 华南205 SC205 | 增幅Increased/% | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2x | 4x | 2x | 4x | |||
| 单序雌花数量 | 8.20±1.94a | 6.20±1.17a | -32.26 | 5.80±2.04a | 6.60±2.24a | 12.12 |
| 单序雄花数量 | 25.40±6.62a | 16.20±2.71a | -56.79 | 34.80±5.15a | 36.60±4.88a | 4.92 |
| 单序总花量 | 33.60±6.02a | 22.40±3.32b | -50.00 | 40.60±6.62a | 43.20±6.40a | 6.02 |
| 单序坐果数 | 5.20±0.98a | 4.80±1.33a | -8.33 | 3.80±1.60a | 3.60±0.80a | -5.55 |
| 单序坐果率/% | 65.47±13.00a | 77.12±14.60a | 15.11 | 64.95±13.39a | 60.86±22.45a | -6.72 |
| 雌花总数量 | 30.60±4.27a | 20.60±3.72b | -48.54 | 5.80±2.04a | 6.60±2.24a | 12.12 |
| 雄花总数量 | 68.80±7.83a | 56.80±4.58b | -21.13 | 34.80±5.15a | 36.60±4.88a | 4.92 |
| 雌花总数量/雄花总数量 | 0.44 | 0.36 | 0.17 | 0.18 | ||
注:表中数据为平均数±标准差,同行不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)。 | |
Note: The data in the table are mean ± standard deviation, and different lowercase letters in the same line indicate significant difference (P<0.05). |
表3 不同倍性间木薯品种雌雄花的横径比较Tab. 3 Comparison of transverse diameters of male and female flowers of cassava varieties between different ploidy |
| 性状 Characters | 新选048 Xinxuan048 | 增幅 Increased/% | 华南205 SC205 | 增幅Increased/% | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2x | 4x | 2x | 4x | |||
| 雌花横径/cm | 2.07±0.07a | 2.36±0.06a | 14.01 | 1.53±0.04a | 1.67±0.05a | 8.91 |
| 雄花横径/cm | 1.64±0.04a | 2.29±0.16b | 39.55 | 1.81±0.04a | 2.28±0.06b | 25.78 |
| 两性花横径/cm | — | 2.84±0.06 | — | — | — | — |
注:表中数据为平均数±标准差,同行不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05),"—"表示两性花仅在‘新选048’四倍体植株中发现。 | |
Note: The data in the table are mean ± standard deviation, the different lowercase letters in the same line indicate significant difference (P<0.05), "—" means hermaphrodite flowers were found only in tetraploid plants of ‘Xinxuan 048’. |
图1 不同倍性间木薯品种雌雄花形态比较A-1:‘新选048’二倍体雌花;A-4:‘新选048’二倍体雄花;A-2:‘新选048’四倍体雌花;A-5:‘新选048’四倍体雄花;A-3:‘新选048’两性花形态;B-1:‘华南205’二倍体雄花;B-3:‘华南205’二倍体雌花;B-2:‘华南205’四倍体雄花;B-4:‘华南205’四倍体雌花。 Fig. 1 Comparison of female and male flowers characteristics of cassava varieties with different ploidies A-1 is diploid female flowers of ‘Xinxuan 048’; A-4 is diploid male flower of ‘Xinxuan 048’; A-2 is tetraploid female flower of ‘Xinxuan 048’; A-5 is tetraploid male flower of ‘Xinxuan 048’; A-3 is bisexual flower of ‘Xinxuan 048’; B-1 is diploid male flower of the ‘SC205’; B-3 is diploid female flowers of the ‘SC205’; B-2 is tetraploid male flower of the ‘SC205’; B-4 is tetraploid female flower of the ‘SC205’. |
2.3 不同倍性间木薯品种果实及种子发育特性比较
图2 在各观察期内不同倍性木薯品种果实的纵径Fig. 2 Longitudinal diameter of fruit of different cassava varieties in each observation period |
图3 在各观察期内不同倍性木薯品种果实的横径Fig. 3 Longitudinal diameter of fruit of different ploidy ploidy cassava varieties in each observation period |
图4 不同倍性间木薯品种果实发育形态比较A:‘新选048’二倍体;B:‘新选048’四倍体;C:‘华南205’二倍体;D:‘华南205’四倍体;图中从左到右依次为花期过后的40、50、60、70、80、90、100、110、120 d共9个时期的果实形态。 Fig. 4 Comparison of fruit development characteristics of cassava varieties with different ploidy A: ‘Xinxuan 048’ diploid; B: ‘Xinxuan 048’ tetraploid; C: ‘SC205’ diploid; D: ‘SC205’ tetraploid;From the left to right in the picture, the fruit morphology were 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 110, 120 d after flowering. |
图5 各观察期内不同倍性木薯品种种子的纵径Fig. 5 Vertical diameter of seed of different ploidy cassava varieties in each observation period |
图6 各观察期内不同倍性木薯品种种子的横径Fig. 6 Cross diameter of seed different ploidy cassava varieties in each observation period |
