图1 屏南县龙源村‘四季杜鹃’古树生长情况A:2019年3月份龙源‘四季杜鹃’古树幼嫩枝条萌发;B:2019年5月‘四季杜鹃’古树整株的生长情况;C:‘四季杜鹃’古树树体表面常年着生菌落。 Fig. 1 Growth status of the ancient Four-season Rhododendron tree A: In March 2019, young and tender shoots germinating on the ancient tree; B: Growth status of whole plant of the ancient tree in April 2019; C: Wild colonies attaching on surface of stems and branches of the ancient tree all year round. |
1 材料与方法
1.1 材料
1.2 方法
1.3 数据处理
2 结果与分析
2.1 HgCl2消毒时间对无菌系建立的影响
表1 HgCl2不同消毒时间对‘四季杜鹃’古树顶芽无菌系建立的影响Tab. 1 Effects of different sterilizing times of HgCl2 for apical buds on the development of sterile cultures of the ancient tree |
| 编号 No. | 酒精 消毒时间 Sterilizing time of ethanol time/s | HgCl2 消毒时间Sterilizing time of HgCl2 /min | 平均污染率 Average contamination rate/% | 平均 死亡率 Average mortality rate/% | 平均 成功率 Average success rate/% |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 30 | 5 | 68.3a | 14.9d | 16.8d |
| 2 | 30 | 6 | 65.2a | 18.8c | 16.0d |
| 3 | 30 | 7 | 58.4b | 15.8d | 25.8c |
| 4 | 30 | 8 | 33.5c | 21.9b | 44.6a |
| 5 | 30 | 9 | 31.3c | 29.9a | 38.8b |
Note: Different lowercase letters in the same column in the table indicate significant differences at 0.05 level. | |
注:同一列不同小写字母表示在0.05水平下差异显著。 |
2.2 取材时间对无菌系建立的影响
表2 ‘四季杜鹃’古树顶芽取材时间对无菌系建立的影响Tab. 2 Effects of sampling period for apical buds on the development of sterile cultures of the ancient tree |
| 编号 No. | 取材时间 Sampling period time/month | 消毒时间 Sterilizing time/min | 接种数 Number of inoculated buds | 平均污染率 Average contamination rate/% | 平均死亡率 Average mortality rate/% | 平均成功率 Average success rate/% |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 10 | 8 | 75 | 33.5b | 21.9b | 44.6b |
| 2 | 3 | 8 | 75 | 25.8c | 48.7a | 25.5c |
| 3 | 5 | 8 | 75 | 22.5d | 10.8c | 66.7a |
| 4 | 6 | 8 | 75 | 56.3a | 25.5b | 18.2d |
Note: Different lowercase letters in the same column in the table indicate significant differences at 0.05 level. | |
注:同一列不同小写字母表示在0.05水平下差异显著。 |
2.3 污染的外植体再消毒对无菌系建立的影响
表3 污染的外植体再消毒对‘四季杜鹃’古树无菌系建立的影响Tab. 3 Effects of re-sterilizing of contaminated explants in development of sterile cultures of the ancient tree |
| 编号 No. | 酒精消毒时间 Sterilizing time of ethanol time/s | HgCl2消毒时间Sterilizing time of HgCl2 /min | 次氯酸钠消毒时间 Sterilizing time of sodium hypochlorite /min | 接种数 Number of inoculated buds | 平均污染率 Average contamination rate/% | 平均死亡率 Average mortality rate/% | 平均成功率 Average success rate/% |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 30 | - | - | 45 | 79.5a | 20.5c | 0c |
| 2 | - | - | 15 | 45 | 15.2c | 84.8a | 0c |
| 3 | 20 | - | 5 | 45 | 60.0b | 40.0b | 0c |
| 4 | 20 | 5 | - | 45 | 21.4c | 7.6e | 71.0a |
| 5 | 30 | 5 | - | 45 | 19.9c | 15.5d | 64.6b |
Note: Different lowercase letters in the same column in the table indicate significant differences at 0.05 level. | |
注:同一列不同小写字母表示在0.05水平下差异显著。 |
2.4 基本培养基种类与植物生长调节剂配比对初代培养的影响
图2 四季杜鹃古树无菌苗顶芽诱导的不定芽的生长情况A:顶芽在处理1的培养基中诱导 7~10 d;B:不定芽在处理1的培养基中20 d;C:不定芽在处理1的培养基中30 d;D:不定芽在处理1的培养基中40 d。 Fig. 2 Growth status of induced adventitious shoots induced from apical buds of sterile plantlets of the ancient tree A: Apical buds were induced in deal with 1 for 7-10 days; B: Adventitious buds were cultured in deal with 1 for 20 days; C: Adventitious buds were cultured in deal with 1 for 30 days; D: Adventitious buds were cultured in deal with 1 for 40 days. |
表4 基本培养基种类与植物生长调节剂配比对初代培养的影响Tab. 4 Effect of kinds of basic media and ratios of plant growth regulators on primary culture |
| 处理 No. | 基本培养基 Basic medium | ZT浓度 Concentration of ZT/(mg·L-1) | NAA浓度 Concentration of NAA/(mg·L-1) | 接种数 Number of inoculated buds | 平均有效芽数 Average number of induced valid buds | 生长状况 Growth status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | WPM | 3.0 | 0.1 | 45 | 3.45 | 无菌苗诱导较快,有效芽多且较长,长势好,叶片嫩绿宽大 |
| 2 | WPM | 5.0 | 0.1 | 45 | 2.32 | 无菌苗诱导较快,有效芽少,长势好,叶片嫩绿宽大下垂 |
| 3 | 1/4 MS | 3.0 | 0.1 | 45 | 3.36 | 无菌苗诱导芽较多,有效芽矮,长势较好,叶片绿卷曲下垂 |
| 4 | 1/4 MS | 5.0 | 0.1 | 45 | 2.75 | 无菌苗诱导芽较多,有效芽矮,长势一般,叶片卷曲下垂 |
2.5 基本培养基与植物生长调节剂对无菌苗顶芽继代增殖的影响
图3 无菌苗顶芽和带腋芽茎段继代增殖的不定芽的生长情况A:无菌苗顶芽在编号5的培养基中30 d;B:无菌苗顶芽在编号5的培养基中60 d;C:无菌苗带腋芽茎段在编号5的培养基中30 d;D:无菌苗带腋芽茎段在编号5的培养基中60 d。 Fig. 3 Growth status of adventitious shoots induced from sub-multiplication of apical and axillary buds of sterile shoots A: Apical buds of sterile shoots were cultured in No 5 for 30 days; B: Apical buds of sterile shoots were cultured in No 5 for 60 days; C: Stem segments of the axillary buds ofsterile shoots were cultured in No 5 for 30 days; D: Stem segments of the axillary buds ofsterile shoots were cultured in No 5 for 60 days. |
表5 基本培养基种类与植物生长调节剂对无菌苗顶芽继代增殖的影响Tab. 5 Effects of basic medium types and plant growth regulators on the proliferation of sterile seedling terminal shoots |
| 编号 No. | 基本培养基 Basic medium | ZT浓度 Concentration of ZT/ (mg·L-1) | TDZ浓度 Concentration of TDZ/ (mg·L-1) | NAA浓度 Concentration of NAA/ (mg·L-1) | 接种数 Number of inoculated buds | 平均芽诱导率 Average induction rate of adventitious buds/% | 平均芽增殖系数 Average multiplication coefficient of buds /% | 生长状况 Growth status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | WPM | 0.5 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 45 | 45cd | 1.82e | 不定芽分化低,新芽较弱玻璃化,叶片黄绿或变红微卷曲,长3~4 cm |
| 2 | WPM | 1.0 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 45 | 50c | 3.02d | 不定芽分化簇生,叶片黄绿,微下垂,长势一般 |
| 3 | WPM | 0.0 | 0.5 | 0.1 | 45 | 100a | 7.62b | 不定芽在基部簇生,低矮,叶片绿到黄绿,长势一般 |
| 4 | WPM | 0.0 | 1.0 | 0.1 | 45 | 100a | 4.54c | 基部团簇状愈伤分化少,有效芽较少,叶片部分玻璃化 |
| CK | WPM | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 45 | 0 | 0.00f | 无菌苗低矮,茎段细,叶片深绿,无分化 |
| 5 | Anderson | 0.5 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 45 | 40d | 1.62e | 茎较高生长倾斜,新芽长2.0~3.5 cm左右,叶片绿色 |
| 6 | Anderson | 1.0 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 45 | 83b | 4.24c | 不定芽分化茎较细弱,叶片部分玻璃化,黄绿 |
| 7 | Anderson | 0.0 | 0.5 | 0.1 | 45 | 100a | 9.31a | 不定芽簇生状,叶片嫩绿,长势较好,芽伸长0.5~1.0 cm |
| 8 | Anderson | 0.0 | 1.0 | 0.1 | 45 | 100a | 7.83b | 不定芽矮小0.5 cm左右,叶片部分玻璃化,长势一般 |
| CK | Anderson | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 45 | 0 | 0.00f | 无菌苗高1~2 cm,茎段细,叶色绿,长势较弱 |
Note: Different lowercase letters in the same column in the table indicate significant differences at 0.05 level. | |
注:同一列不同小写字母表示在0.05水平下差异显著。 |
2.6 基本培养基与植物生长调节剂对无菌苗带腋芽茎段继代增殖的影响
表6 基本培养基种类与植物生长调节剂对无菌苗带腋芽茎段继代增殖的影响Tab. 6 Effects of basic medium types and plant growth regulators on the proliferation of sterile seedling stem segment shoots |
| 编号 No. | 基本培养基 Basic medium | ZT浓度 Concentration of ZT/(mg·L-1) | TDZ浓度 Concentration of TDZ/ (mg·L-1) | NAA浓度 Concentration of NAA/ (mg·L-1) | 接种数 Number of inoculated buds | 平均芽诱导率 Average induction rate of adventitious buds /% | 平均芽增殖系数 Average multiplication coefficient of buds /% | 生长状况 Growth status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | WPM | 0.5 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 45 | 100a | 7.52d | 不定芽分化低,新芽长2~3 cm,叶片黄绿或变红卷曲,出现玻璃化 |
| 2 | WPM | 1.0 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 45 | 100a | 8.50c | 不定芽分化率较高,簇生,叶片黄绿,部分出现玻璃化,长2.0~2.5 cm |
| 3 | WPM | 0.0 | 0.5 | 0.1 | 45 | 100a | 12.73b | 不定芽簇生状,叶片卷曲绿叶尖红色,长势一般,芽伸长0.5~ 1.0 cm |
| 4 | WPM | 0.0 | 1.0 | 0.1 | 45 | 100a | 5.04e | 基部不定芽团簇状或未分化,有效芽较少,叶片玻璃化 |
| CK | WPM | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 45 | 30d | 1.10g | 无菌苗无生长,分化低,部分叶片变褐色,或死亡 |
| 5 | Anderson | 0.5 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 45 | 78c | 3.35f | 不定芽分化低,新芽叶片黄绿玻璃化,长2.0~3.5 cm左右 |
| 6 | Anderson | 1.0 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 45 | 90b | 5.30e | 不定芽分化较低,长2.0~2.5 cm,叶片嫩绿,部分玻璃化,长势较好 |
| 7 | Anderson | 0.0 | 0.5 | 0.1 | 45 | 100a | 13.23a | 不定芽簇生密集低矮,叶片嫩绿,长势较好,芽长0.5-1 cm |
| 8 | Anderson | 0.0 | 1.0 | 0.1 | 45 | 100a | 7.41d | 不定芽簇生矮小,长0.5 cm,叶片浅绿,部分玻璃化,长势一般 |
| CK | Anderson | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 45 | 10e | 0.83g | 分化低,无菌苗茎段细,叶绿色细长,长势较弱 |
Note: Different lowercase letters in the same column in the table indicate significant differences at 0.05 level. | |
注:同一列不同小写字母表示在0.05水平下差异显著。 |
2.7 植物生长调节剂种类与配比对无根苗瓶内生根的影响
图4 无根苗生根的生长情况A:无根苗在编号1培养基中60 d 生根情况;B:无根苗在编号5培养基中60 d后生根情况;C:无根苗在编号5培养基中60 d后基部愈伤情况。 Fig. 4 Rooting without roots and transplanting with roots A: Rooting of rootless seedlings in No 1 for 60 days; B: Rooting of rootless seedlings in No 5 for 60 days; C: Callus of rootless seedlings after 60 days in No 5. |
表7 植物生长调节剂种类与配比对无根苗瓶内生根的影响Tab. 7 Effect of kinds of basic media and ratios of plant growth regulators on rooting of rootless |
| 编号No. | 基本培养基 Basic medium | ZT浓度 Concentration of ZT/ (mg·L-1) | NAA浓度 Concentration of NAA/(mg·L-1) | IBA浓度 Concentration of/(mg·L-1) | 接种数 Number of vaccinations | 生根率 Rooting rate/% | 平均根长 Average root length/cm | 平均生根数 Average root number | 生长情况 Growth status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | WPM | 0.0 | 0.5 | 0.0 | 60 | 80.00b | 1.50b | 3.22d | 根棉絮状,断根 |
| 2 | WPM | 0.0 | 1.0 | 0.0 | 60 | 70.83c | 1.50b | 5.33b | 根棉絮状,断根 |
| 3 | WPM | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.5 | 60 | 7.37f | 1.42b | 1.83e | 基部褐化,根少 |
| 4 | WPM | 0.0 | 0.0 | 1.0 | 60 | 11.80e | 1.52b | 4.79c | 基部褐化,根细 |
| 5 | WPM | 0.1 | 0.5 | 0.0 | 60 | 92.60a | 2.33a | 10.70a | 根系细长,苗长势好 |
| 6 | WPM | 0.1 | 1.0 | 0.0 | 60 | 59.60d | 1.35b | 5.45b | 根系细长,苗长势好 |
| 7 | WPM | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 60 | 0.00g | 0.00c | 0.00f | 无根,叶片下垂 |
Note: Different lowercase letters in the same column in the table indicate significant differences at 0.05 level. | |
注:同一列不同小写字母表示在0.05水平下差异显著。 |
