1 花色苷的生物合成途径
图1 花色苷生物合成途径PAL:苯丙氨酸解氨酶;C4H:肉桂酸-4-羟化酶;4CL:4-香豆酸-辅酶A连接酶;CHS:查尔酮合成酶;CHI:查尔酮异构酶;F3H:黄烷酮-3-羟化酶;F3°H:黄烷酮-3°-羟化酶;F3°5°H:黄烷酮-3°,5°-羟化酶;FLS:黄酮醇合成酶;DFR:二氢黄酮醇4-还原酶;ANS:花青素合成酶;ANR:花青素还原酶; UFGT:类黄酮糖基转移酶;LAR:无色花色素还原酶; 3RT:类黄酮3-O-鼠李糖基转移酶。 Fig. 1 The biosynthesis pathway of anthocyanins PAL: L-phenylalanin ammo-nialyase; C4H: Cinnamic acid-4- hydroxylase; 4CL: 4-coumarate:CoA ligase; CHS: Chalcone synthase; CHI: Chalcone isomerase; F3H: Flavanone 3-hydroxylase; F3° H: Flavonoid 3°-hydroxylase; F3°5°H: Flavonoid-3°, 5°- hydroxylase; FLS: Flavonol synthase; DFR: Dihydroflavonol 4-reductase; ANS: Anthocyanidin synthase; ANR: Anthocyanidin reductase; UFGT: UDP-glucose: flavonoid 3-O-glucosyltransferase ; LAR: Leucoanthocyanidin reductase; 3RT: Flavonoid -3-O-rhamnosyltransferase. |
2 荔枝果皮花色苷合成的基因调控
2.1 结构基因
2.2 调控基因
3 影响荔枝果皮花色苷合成内外因素
3.1 光照
图2 光调节花色苷生物合成的简化模型(参照Zhang等[52]并稍作修改)PHYs:光敏色素;PHOTs:向光素;CRYs:隐花色素; UVR8:抗紫外基因座8;COP1:组成型光形态1; HY5:伸展的下胚轴5。 Fig. 2 Simplify model of the regulation role on anthocyanin biosynthesis (Refering to Zhang et al.[52] with slight modification) PHYs: Phytochromes; PHOTs: Phototropins; CRYs: Cryptochromes; UVR8: UV Resistance Locus 8; COP1: Constitutive photomorphogenic 1; HY5: Elongated hypocotyl 5. |
