1 材料与方法
1.1 材料
1.2 方法
表1 切花菊‘白扇’开放式培养各阶段配方Tab. 1 The media used in different stages of the open in vitro culture of the cut flower Chrysanthemum ‘Iwanohakusen’ |
| 开放式培养阶段 Open culture stage | 处理 Treatment | 山梨酸钾 Potassium sorbate/(mg·L-1) | 代森锰锌 Mancozeb/ (mg·L-1) | 次氯酸钠 Sodium hypochlorite/% | 琼脂 Agar/(g·L-1) | 蔗糖 Sucrose/ (g·L-1) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 初代培养 Primary culture (MS+1.0 mg/L 6-BA+ 0.1mg/L NAA) | 1 | 5 | 50 | 0.008 | 4.5 | 30 |
| 2 | 5 | 80 | 0.010 | |||
| 3 | 5 | 150 | 0.012 | |||
| 4 | 8 | 50 | 0.010 | |||
| 5 | 8 | 80 | 0.012 | |||
| 6 | 8 | 150 | 0.008 | |||
| 7 | 10 | 50 | 0.012 | |||
| 8 | 10 | 80 | 0.008 | |||
| 9 | 10 | 150 | 0.010 | |||
| 继代培养/生根培养 Subculture (MS+1.5 mg/L 6-BA+ 0.1 mg/L NAA) /rooting culture (1/2 MS+0.1 mg/L NAA) | 1 | 5 | 10 | 0.010 | 4.5 | 继代培养30 /生根培养15 |
| 2 | 5 | 20 | 0.010 | |||
| 3 | 5 | 30 | 0.010 | |||
| 4 | 5 | 40 | 0.010 | |||
| 5 | 5 | 50 | 0.010 | |||
| 6 | 5 | 60 | 0.010 |
1.3 数据处理
2 结果与分析
2.1 表面消毒剂浓度对常规初代培养污染率的影响
表2 次氯酸钠浓度和处理时间对切花菊‘白扇’常规初代培养效果的影响Tab. 2 Effects of different concentrations and treating time of sodium hypochlorite on the growth and survival of Chrysanthemum ‘Iwanohakusen’ in conventional primary culture |
| 处理 Treatment | 次氯酸钠 Sodium hypochlorite /% | 消毒时间 Disinfection time/min | 污染率 Pollution rate/% | 成活率 Survival rate/% | 生长情况 Growing situation | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ⅰ | Ⅱ | Ⅲ | 均值 Average value | Ⅰ | Ⅱ | Ⅲ | 均值 Average value | ||||
| 1 | 0.5 | 10 | 70.0 | 56.7 | 63.3 | 63.3±6.65abA | 23.3 | 30.0 | 30.0 | 27.8±3.86bB | 长势一般,芽有轻微枯萎 |
| 2 | 0.5 | 15 | 56.7 | 63.3 | 60.0 | 60.0±3.30abcA | 30.0 | 20.0 | 23.3 | 24.4±5.09bB | 长势一般,芽轻微枯萎 |
| 3 | 0.5 | 20 | 46.7 | 43.3 | 40.0 | 43.3±3.35dB | 13.3 | 16.7 | 10.0 | 13.3±3.35cB | 长势差,芽枯萎严重 |
| 4 | 0.1 | 10 | 60.0 | 70.0 | 63.3 | 64.4±5.09aA | 26.7 | 23.3 | 30.0 | 26.7±3.35bB | 长势好,芽浓绿无枯萎 |
| 5 | 0.1 | 15 | 50.0 | 56.7 | 53.3 | 53.3±3.35abcdAB | 46.7 | 43.3 | 50.0 | 46.7±3.35aA | 长势好,芽浓绿无枯萎 |
| 6 | 0.1 | 20 | 50.0 | 46.7 | 53.3 | 50.0±3.30cdAB | 46.7 | 40.0 | 43.3 | 43.3±3.35aA | 长势一般,芽浓绿无枯萎 |
| CK | 0.1%升汞 | 5 | 40.0 | 53.3 | 63.3 | 52.2±11.68bcdAB | 60.0 | 46.7 | 36.7 | 47.8±11.68aA | 长势好,芽浓绿无枯萎 |
Note: Different lowercase letters in the same column indicate significant difference (P<0.05); different uppercase letters indicate extremely significant difference (P<0.01). | |
注: 同列数据后不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著(P<0.05);不同大写字母表示处理间差异极显著(P<0.01)。 |
2.2 抑菌剂对开放式初代培养效果的影响
表3 抑菌剂组合对切花菊‘白扇’开放式初代培养效果的影响Tab. 3 Effects of different combinations of microorganism growth inhibitors on the growth and survival of Chrysanthemum ‘Iwanohakusen’ in the open primary culture |
| 处理 Treatment | 山梨酸钾 Potassium sorbate /(mg·L-1) | 代森锰锌 Mancozeb /(mg·L-1) | 次氯酸钠 Sodium hypochlorite /% | 污染率 Pollution rate/% | 生长情况 Growing situation | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ⅰ | Ⅱ | Ⅲ | 均值 Average value | |||||
| 1 | 5 | 50 | 0.008 | 60.0 | 30.0 | 40.0 | 43.3±15.28bcB | 长势好,叶片绿,芽较长 |
| 2 | 5 | 80 | 0.010 | 50.0 | 60.0 | 73.3 | 61.1±11.69bB | 长势较好,叶片较绿,芽较长 |
| 3 | 5 | 150 | 0.012 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0±0.00aA | 长势差,叶片较黄 |
| 4 | 8 | 50 | 0.010 | 20.0 | 50.0 | 40.0 | 36.7±15.28cB | 长势好,叶片绿,芽较长 |
| 5 | 8 | 80 | 0.012 | 100.0 | 80.0 | 90.0 | 90.0±10.00aA | 长势一般,叶片较绿,芽较短 |
| 6 | 8 | 150 | 0.008 | 90.0 | 100.0 | 90.0 | 93.3±5.77aA | 长势较差,叶片发黄,芽较短 |
| 7 | 10 | 50 | 0.012 | 60.0 | 30.0 | 20.0 | 36.7±20.82cB | 长势好,叶片浓绿,芽长 |
| 8 | 10 | 80 | 0.008 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0±0.00aA | 长势差,叶片黄。 |
| 9 | 10 | 150 | 0.010 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 90.0 | 96.7±5.77aA | 长势差,叶片较绿,芽较长 |
| CK | 0.1%升汞消毒5 min 高压灭菌 | 63.3 | 53.3 | 40.0 | 52.2±11.69bcB | 长势好,叶片浓绿,芽较长 | ||
| K1 | 68.1 | 38.9 | 78.9 | 76.7 | ||||
| K2 | 73.3 | 83.7 | 64.8 | 63.7 | ||||
| K3 | 77.8 | 96.7 | 75.6 | 78.9 | ||||
| R | 9.7 | 57.8 | 14.0 | 15.2 | ||||
Note: Ki represents the sum of the test results corresponding to the horizontal number i on any column; R represents the extreme difference, and the minimum K value is subtracted from the maximum K value (P<0.05); different lowercase letters in the same column indicate significant difference; different uppercase letters indicate extremely significant difference (P<0.01). | |
注:Ki表示任意列上水平号为i时所对应的试验结果之和(P<0.05);R表示极差,用最大的K值减去最小的K值(P=0.05);同列数据后不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著;不同大写字母表示处理间差异极显著(P<0.01)。 |
2.3 抑菌剂对开放式继代增殖效果的影响
表4 抑菌剂组合对切花菊‘白扇’开放式继代增殖效果的影响Tab. 4 Effects of different combinations of microorganism inhibiting agents on the growth and survival of Chrysanthemum ‘Iwanohakusen’ in the open primary culture |
| 处理Treatment | 山梨酸钾Potassium sorbate /(mg·L-1) | 代森锰锌Mancozeb /(mg·L-1) | 次氯酸钠Sodium hypochlori /% | 污染率 Pollution rate/% | 增殖系数 Proliferation coefficient/% | 生长情况 Growing situation | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ⅰ | Ⅱ | Ⅲ | 均值 Average value | Ⅰ | Ⅱ | Ⅲ | 均值 Average value | |||||
| 33.30 | 30.00 | 40.00 | 34.4±5.09aA | 2.00 | 2.00 | 2.10 | 2.03±0.06dD | 长势好,叶小,茎粗 | ||||
| 2 | 5 | 20 | 0.010 | 26.70 | 33.30 | 23.30 | 27.8±5.08bA | 2.90 | 2.85 | 2.90 | 2.88±0.03cC | 长势好,叶小,茎粗 |
| 3 | 5 | 30 | 0.010 | 13.30 | 10.00 | 16.70 | 13.3±3.35cB | 4.90 | 5.00 | 5.00 | 4.97±0.06bB | 长势好,叶小,茎粗 |
| 4 | 5 | 40 | 0.010 | 6.70 | 13.30 | 10.00 | 10.0±3.30cdB | 5.80 | 6.00 | 6.00 | 5.93±0.16aA | 长势好,叶色绿,叶较小,茎粗 |
| 5 | 5 | 50 | 0.010 | 10.00 | 3.30 | 6.70 | 6.7±3.35cdB | 5.00 | 5.10 | 5.00 | 5.03±0.06bB | 长势较好,叶小且黄,茎粗 |
| 6 | 5 | 60 | 0.010 | 3.30 | 3.30 | 6.70 | 4.4±1.96dB | 2.80 | 3.00 | 3.00 | 2.93±0.16cC | 长势差,叶小且黄,茎较粗 |
| CK | 高压灭菌 | 6.70 | 10.00 | 6.70 | 7.8±1.91cdB | 6.20 | 6.00 | 6.00 | 6.07±0.16aA | 长势好,叶大, 茎较粗 | ||
Note: Different lowercase letters in the same column indicate significant difference (P<0.05); different uppercase letters indicate extremely significant difference (P<0.01). | |
注: 同列数据后不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著(P<0.05);不同大写字母表示处理间差异极显著(P<0.01)。 |
2.4 抑菌剂对开放式生根培养效果的影响
表5 抑菌剂组合对切花菊‘白扇’开放式生根培养效果的影响Tab. 5 Effects of different combinations of microorganism inhibiting agents on rooting of chrysanthemum ‘Iwanohakusen’ in the open culture |
| 处理Treatment | 污染率Pollution rate/% | 生根率Rooting rate/% | 根长Root length/cm | 根数Root number | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ⅰ | Ⅱ | Ⅲ | 均值Average value | Ⅰ | Ⅱ | Ⅲ | 均值 Average value | Ⅰ | Ⅱ | Ⅲ | 均值 Average value | Ⅰ | Ⅱ | Ⅲ | 均值 Aerage value | ||
| 1 | 30.00 | 33.30 | 40.00 | 34.4±5.10aA | 43.3 | 60.0 | 56.7 | 53.3±8.84cC | 1.20 | 1.27 | 1.22 | 1.23±0.04dD | 4.58 | 5.50 | 4.62 | 4.90±0.52dC | |
| 2 | 33.30 | 30.00 | 20.00 | 27.8±6.93aA | 60.0 | 53.3 | 60.0 | 57.8±3.87cBC | 1.85 | 2.00 | 1.88 | 1.91±0.08cC | 6.30 | 6.88 | 6.80 | 6.66±0.31cB | |
| 3 | 16.70 | 10.00 | 10.00 | 12.2±3.87bB | 73.3 | 66.7 | 70.0 | 70.0±3.30bAB | 2.55 | 2.48 | 2.60 | 2.54±0.06bB | 8.10 | 7.80 | 7.67 | 7.86±0.22bA | |
| 4 | 10.00 | 6.70 | 6.70 | 7.8±1.91bB | 80.0 | 83.3 | 76.7 | 80.0±3.30aA | 3.00 | 2.78 | 3.02 | 2.93±0.13aA | 8.80 | 8.60 | 8.65 | 8.68±0.10aA | |
| 5 | 3.30 | 10.00 | 6.70 | 6.7±3.35bB | 43.3 | 43.3 | 30.3 | 39.0±7.51dD | 1.80 | 1.80 | 1.83 | 1.81±0.02cC | 7.00 | 5.80 | 6.00 | 6.27±0.64cB | |
| 6 | 3.30 | 10.00 | 3.30 | 5.5±3.86bB | 16.7 | 16.7 | 10.0 | 14.5±3.87eE | 1.30 | 1.26 | 1.23 | 1.26±0.04dD | 5.70 | 5.00 | 4.60 | 5.10±0.56dC | |
| CK | 6.70 | 6.70 | 3.30 | 5.6±1.96bB | 83.3 | 80.0 | 80.0 | 81.1±1.90aA | 3.05 | 3.15 | 2.98 | 3.06±0.09aA | 8.80 | 8.90 | 8.80 | 8.83±0.06aA | |
Note: Different lowercase letters in the same column indicate significant difference (P<0.05); different uppercase letters indicate extremely significant difference (P<0.01). | |
注:同列数据后不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著(P<0.05);不同大写字母表示处理间差异极显著(P<0.01)。 |
2.5 抑菌剂对开放式移栽培养效果的影响
表6 开放式培养对切花菊‘白扇’移栽苗成活效果的影响Tab. 6 Effect of open culture on the survival of cut Chrysanthemum ‘Iwanohakusen’ transplanted seedlings |
| 处理方式 Processing method | 移栽数量 Transplant number | 成活率 Survival rate/% | 生长情况 Growing situation |
|---|---|---|---|
| 开放式培养 | 100 | 95 | 植株恢复较快,叶色翠绿,叶片偏小,茎秆粗壮 |
| CK | 100 | 98 | 植株恢复较快,叶色翠绿,叶片大,茎秆较粗 |
