1 材料与方法
1.1 材料
1.2 方法
2 结果与分析
2.1 改性菠萝皮渣膳食纤维的基本成分分析
表1 改性前后菠萝皮渣膳食纤维的组成Tab. 1 Basic components of dietary fiber from pineapple pomace before and after modification g/100 g |
| 样品 Sample | 灰分 Ash | 蛋白质 Protein | 淀粉 Starch | 水分 Moisture | 总膳食纤维 TDF | 可溶性膳食纤维 SDF | 不可溶性膳食纤维 IDF |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 原料 | 3.64±0.21a | 5.29±0.25a | 1.52±0.23a | 5.51±0.13b | 71.40±1.24a | 6.15±0.11a | 65.20±2.17c |
| 超微粉碎 | 3.45±0.19a | 4.80±0.32a | 1.59±0.12a | 4.25±0.35a | 70.50±2.25a | 6.81±0.34b | 63.20±2.15c |
| 蒸汽爆破 | 3.45±0.28a | 4.91±0.22a | 1.55±0.25a | 5.46±0.08b | 63.80±1.22b | 10.11±0.55c | 53.70±1.24a |
| 挤压膨化 | 3.58±0.05a | 5.18±0.13a | 1.48±0.11a | 4.28±0.18a | 63.80±2.25b | 5.51±1.25d | 58.30±1.19b |
Note: The results were all on a dry basis.Different lowercase letters in the same column indicate significant difference (P<0.05). | |
注:结果均以干基计;不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)。 |
2.2 改性前后菠萝皮渣理化性质分析
表2 改性前后菠萝皮渣膳食纤维的理化性质Tab. 2 Physiochemical properties of dietary fiber from pineapple pomace before and after modification |
| 样品 Sample | 膨胀力 Swelling capacity/(mL·g-1) | 持水力 Water holding capacity/(g·g-1) | 持油力 Oil holding capacity/(g·g-1) | 阳离子交换能力 Cation exchange capacity/ (mmol·g-1) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 原料 | 1.75 ± 0.11a | 5.64 ± 0.22a | 2.03 ± 0.05a | 1.65 ± 0.12a |
| 超微粉碎 | 0.80 ± 0.09b | 4.17 ± 0.04b | 1.62 ± 0.03b | 2.15 ± 0.05b |
| 蒸汽爆破 | 1.35 ± 0.09c | 4.86 ± 0.12c | 2.15 ± 0.02c | 1.85 ± 0.11c |
| 挤压膨化 | 0.75 ± 0.05b | 4.63 ± 0.16d | 1.52 ± 0.08b | 1.75 ± 0.13c |
Note: The results were all on a dry basis.Different lowercase letters in the same column indicate significant difference (P<0.05). | |
注:结果均以干基计;同列不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)。 |
2.3 改性菠萝皮渣膳食纤维的形貌特征与结构分析
图1 菠萝皮渣膳食纤维改性前后的扫描电镜图A:菠萝皮渣原料(RM);B、C、D分别为超微粉碎(UP)、蒸汽爆破(SE)和挤压膨化改性(EP)。 Fig.1 Scanning electron microscope images of DF from pineapple pomace before and after modification A: Raw material (RM); B, C, D are ultrafine pulverization (UP), steam explosion (SE) and extrusion puffing modification (EP), respectively. |
2.4 菠萝皮渣膳食纤维生物活性物质溶出量
图3 改性前后菠萝皮渣膳食纤维中多酚、黄酮的溶出量不同大写字母表示各处理之间多酚含量差异显著(P<0.05),不同小写字母表示各处理之间黄酮含量差异显著(P<0.05)。 Fig. 3 Solution of polyphenols and flavonoids in DF of pineapple pomace before and after modification ifferent uppercase and lowercase letters indicated significant differences in polyphenol and flavonoid content between treatments(P<0.05), respectively. |
