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Welcome to Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops,

Table of Content

    25 December 2005, Volume 26 Issue 4 Previous Issue    Next Issue
    Effects of Bagging on 'Irwin'Mango Fruits
    Wu Hongxia Ma Weihong Wang Biaosong Gong Deqing
    2005, 26 (4):  1-5. 
    Abstract ( 143 )   PDF (178KB) ( 281 )  
    Experiments were caried out to study the effect of bagging on fruit appearance, the storage capabilty in the rom temperature, the peel pigment and fruit quality of mango. The results showed that,Afer bagged in Shengda'bags, the apearance of fruits was better than other treatments, with the highest index of yelow peel, and the fruit rot rate was lowest, the fruit storage ability increased.The lowest clorophyll and chlorophyll b contents in the fruits, the highest anthocyanin concentration,dark red peel color at green maturity and bright red pelcolor at maturity were observed in Shengda bag treatment. After bagged in Shengda bags, the contents of vitamin C and titratable acidity in the fuits were significantly lower than those of the control. The contents of soluble sugar and total soluble solids were not significantly difrent between Shegda bag treatment and the other reatments. Higher percentage of flesh was observed in bagged fruits.
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    Time of Longan Fruit Keeping on Plants and the Influencing Factors
    Xu Jiahui Zhang Zehuang Chen Changzhong Liu Youjie Zheng Shaoqua Xu Xiudan
    2005, 26 (4):  6-10. 
    Abstract ( 165 )   PDF (460KB) ( 190 )  
    Time of fruit keeping on plants and the influencing factors in four late maturing longan varieties were observed. The results showed that the time of fruit keeping on plants was related with the hilum size, pericarp structure and stem-end structure. Too much derivative on exocarp was a disadvantage to longan fruit keeping on plants, but plentiful and consecutive fruit surface waxiness was an advantage. Compact exocarp with orderly arranged cells and narrow extracellular space was helpful to prolong the time of fruit keeping on plants. Stem-end with compact parenchyma and small hilum were also helpful to prolong the time of fruit keeping on plants. 
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    Influence of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus Inoculation on the Vegetative Growth and Mineral Nutrition of Longan Seedlings
    YaoQing Zhu Honghui Chen Jiehong
    2005, 26 (4):  11-14. 
    Abstract ( 181 )   PDF (148KB) ( 147 )  
    The influence of inoculation of arbuscular mycorhizal fungus(Zlous versforme) on the vegetative growth and mineral nutrition of longan (Dimocarpus longan L.cv.Shixia) sedlings was reported.Pot experiment indicated that the colonization of plant roots reached 38.9% in 6 months after inoculation, and that plant dry weight was significantly enhanced, with the mycorhizal dependency of 41.7%.The plant height, compound leaf number, chlorophyll content and total leaf area were significantly increased. Although the nitrogen content didn't increase, the total uptake of nitrogen was elevated about I fold. The phosphorus content and uptake were both significantly increased, with the later elevated about 1.5 fold. Results demonstrated that inoculation of Clomus versforme significantly promoted the growth of longan seelings.
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    Study on Somatic Embryogenesis and Plant Regeneration of Theobroma Cacao L
    Huang Bilan Zhuang Nansheng Zhao Jianping ZhangXuanbing
    2005, 26 (4):  15-19. 
    Abstract ( 142 )   PDF (213KB) ( 123 )  
    Plants were regenerated through somatic embryogenesis using cotyledon as explants. The optimized medium and condition for each stage were tested as folows,(1)Primary calli medium (PCG) was the improved DKW with 3.0mg/Lof 2,4-D,1.0mg/L of KT and0.01mg/L.of TDZ,explants were cultured on PCG medium in the dark at (28±2)℃ for 20 days.(2)Cal propagation medium (SCG)was the improved DKW with 3.0mg/L.of 2, 4-D,1.0mg/L. of KT, the alli were cultured on SCG medium for 30 days in the dark. (3)The call were subcultured on ED medium with 30g/L of sucrose,1g/L of glucose in the dark for 60 to 150 days,and embryos at different developmental stages(globular,beart torpedo and mature) were present on individual explants at the same time.(4)The mature embryos were transfered to fresh PEC medium every 30 days unil shoots with one or two leaves developed.The contents ofPEC medium were the improved DKW with 20g.Lof glucose,10g/L of sucrse. Shoot -producing embryos with 2 leaves were transfered onto RD medium that was the improved DKW suplemented with 1.5 mg/Lof IBA and 0.5 mg/LofIAA.The culures were maitained underlight for 16 b/d. Afer 30 to 90 days,regenerated plants were obtained
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    Tissue Culture and Rapid Propagation of Dracaena cambodiana Pierreex Gagnep.
    Yang Benpeng Zhang Shuzhen Yang Xue Gu Lihong Feng Cuilian Zang Limei Cai Wenwei
    2005, 26 (4):  20-23. 
    Abstract ( 191 )   PDF (266KB) ( 149 )  
    The apical buds and axillary buds of Dracaena cambodina Pierre ex Gagnep. were inoculated on MS medium containing I mg/L BA, 0.1mg/LNAA,100 mg/LPVP and 30g/L sucrose for inducing shoots. Afer cultured for 40~50 d, the shoots bourgeoned.They were then transfered onto MS medium supplemented with 2 mgL BA,0.5mg/LKT and 30gL sucrose for inducing clustered buds.After 25~30 d, the clustered buds formed.The proliferation rate of the clustered buds was 300%~500% per month. The clustered buds were culured on MS medium containing 3mg/L BA,Img/L GA3 and 30gL sucrose for about 30d to make the shoots sronger.These shoots were transfered onto MS medium containing 0.51.0 mg/L NAA and 30g/L sucrose for 25~30 d for inducing roots.About 98% of plantles survived aferthey were ransfered ont soil.This culural system willbe a god foundation for commercial proliferation of D.cambodiana.
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    Study on the Production and Distribution of Dry Matter Based on Sink Regulation in Greenhouse Tomato A
    Xiao Shengen Zhou Puhua Liu Zhimin
    2005, 26 (4):  24-27. 
    Abstract ( 156 )   PDF (141KB) ( 126 )  
    Efect of sink regulation on production and distribution of dry matter in greehouse tomato (Lycopersicon esculentumn Mill.culivar Capita') was investigated.The results indicated that the productio of dry matter in greenhouse tomato was mainly determined by leaf area index (LAI), but had no direct relatio wihthe fruit number per tuss.With 6 or 3fruits per truss,leaf pruning significanly decreased LAl; therefore toal plant dry matter was significantly decreased. The cumulative fraction of dry matterallocated tothe frits was favored by both the increment of fruit number per truss and leaf pruning. Increasing plant density improved LAI but did not increase the cumulative fraction of dry materalocated to the fruits.The incement of fnit dry weight inincrased plant density mainly resulted from the increment oftotal dry matter production.
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    Adaptability of Young Tapped Hevea Brasiliensis var.SCATC7-33-97 to Lower Frequency Tapping System with Stimulants
    Luo Shiqjao Xiao Xianzhou Wei Xiaodi Liu Shizhong Wu Ming
    2005, 26 (4):  28-33. 
    Abstract ( 124 )   PDF (270KB) ( 131 )  
    Experiments were made on the adaptabiliy of the fast-growing and high-yieding clone of Hevea Brasiliensis var. SCATC7-33-97 at young stage to lower frequency tapingsystem with stimulants.The rsuls showed that SCATC7-33-97 showed strong ability in latex reproduction,high allocation rate of dry matter, and rapid flow of latex when tapped with ethrelstimulation at its early tapping period. The measures of lower tapping frequencies, shorter tapping cuts and smaller stimulant dosages were helpful to latex production and growth of the rubber trees.
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    Studies on the Photosynthetic Characteristics of Annona atemoya Hort cv.African Pride
    Deng Suisheng Chen Yeyuan Lin ling
    2005, 26 (4):  34-37. 
    Abstract ( 122 )   PDF (179KB) ( 133 )  
    The photosynthetic characteristics of Annona azemoya Hort cv.Afican Pride were studied. The resuls showed that in fine days the curve of diurmal photosynthesis variation of African Pride had two peaks, appearing at 1100 and 15:00, respectively, and had obvious miday depression photosynthesis. The light compensation point of photosynthesis and light saturation point of photosynthesis pistachio leaves were 56.4 and 1 350 umol/(m2.s) respectively.The optimum temperature for photosythesis was 24.3℃. Environmental factors such as photosynthetically active radation and stomatal conductance exeted signifiant effects on photosynthesis.The transpiration rate of the leaves varied with diferent temperature of leaves.
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    Responses of Sugarcane to Drought Stress during Seedling Stage
    Luo Mingzhu Liang Jinan
    2005, 26 (4):  38-41. 
    Abstract ( 202 )   PDF (149KB) ( 165 )  
    The responses of sugarcane to water stres were investigated under the condition of lateritic soil.The results showed that the leaf number, plant height and fresh and dry weight of the plants reduced; meanwhile, both chlorophyll content of leaves and net photosynthesisrate dereased. Moreover, the penerabiliy of plas-malemma, transpiration rate, and proline content increased. However, these bidgical characterstics showed no significant differences between normal condition and slight water stres.That is the growth of sugarcane and ac-cumulation of dry mater were not affected obviously under slight water stress, and the aim of water-saving iri-gation could be achieved.
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    Changes of Endogenous Hormones in Feizixiao and Edan Litchi during Flower Bud Differentiation
    Wu Zhixiang Zhou Zhaode Tao Zhongliang Wamg Lingin
    2005, 26 (4):  42-45. 
    Abstract ( 207 )   PDF (158KB) ( 161 )  
    Dynamic changes of endogenous phytohormones gibellins-3 (GA), indole aceticacid(IAA), cytokinin (ZRs) and abscisic acid(ABA) of two lichicultivars(Lichi chinensis Sonn.cv.Feizixiao and Edan)during their flower bud differentiation (FBD) were studied. The results showed that during the lichi FBD the content of GA; lowered constantly.At the prophase of FBD the content of ABA lowered, increased at the middle stage and lowered at the later stage.The content of ZRs lowered at the early stage and increased later.The content of IAA lowered constantly at the early stage and increased later.
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    Analysis of the Hardiness of the Intergeneric Hybrids between Saccharum L. and Erianthus Michx Subjected to NaC Stress
    Chen Yiqiang Guo Ying Guo Chunfang Zhang Muing
    2005, 26 (4):  46-51. 
    Abstract ( 117 )   PDF (442KB) ( 118 )  
    The intergeneric hybrids (YC96-66,YCO1-3 and YCO1-6) and their parents Erianthus Miche (YC92-105) and Sccharum L.(Badila and CP84-1198) were used to study the active oxygen metabolism of intergeneric hybrids exposed to NaClstes. The results indicated that the activity of peroxidase (POD) and the malondialdehyde (MDA) content in Erianthus Michx were much higher than sugarcane (Badil and CP84-1198)while the soluble protein content,the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and calase (CAT) in Eriamthus Michx were much lower when they grew in natural conditins.The activities of SOD,POD and CATin YC96-66, the hybrid of Erianthus Michx(YC92-105)and Badila were higher than both Erinthus Michkxand Badila,but the hybid's contents of MDA, solubleprotein and chlorophy were between Eriathus Michx and Badila.F2hybrids from YC96-66 and CP84-1198 kept in the same levelin the ctivies of SOD and CAT,cotents of MDA and chlorophyl as their parents,but theactity of POD was much lower than YC96-66.When exposed to 200mmol/NaCl for 6 days, the activities of SOD in Erianthus Michx increased, while the other testedaccessios decreased. CAT activities decreased in all ested accessions.
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    Effects of Cold Stress on the Content of Free-proline in Leaves of Saccharum spontaneum L.and Sclerostachya
    Ding Can Yang Qinghui Li Fusheng Lin Weifu
    2005, 26 (4):  52-56. 
    Abstract ( 114 )   PDF (204KB) ( 135 )  
    The methods of low temperature stress and sugarcane inducing to make Fre-proline (Fpro)accumulated in the isolated leaves of Sacharum Spontaneum L. and Sclerostaclya were sudied. The resuls showed that the cold stress could promote accumulation of Fpro in the leaves of Saccharum spontaneum L. and Sclerostachya.And when treated 3~0 ℃ cold stress, the content of Fpro increased with treating time, but it only increased in a short time when treated with lower temperature. Spraying sugar solution would boost the effc of cold stress. Fpro was mainly synthesized in the leaves of S.spontaneum L.and rapidly was transported to thesem and root.At different leaf stages, the contents of Fpro difred,and were the highestin senescent laves,ollowed by the young leaves and lowest in the mature leaves.However, the acumulation of Fpro in the senescent laves was uncorelated with cold stress. So it was suitable to sample the mature leave when determining the content of Fpro in the leaves.
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    Cloning of gpd-GF Promoter from Grifola frondosa and Constructing of Expression Vector
    Wang Haiyan Lin Junfang Liu Yong Guo Liqiong
    2005, 26 (4):  57-62. 
    Abstract ( 140 )   PDF (415KB) ( 162 )  
    Two pairs of specific primers were designed according to GPD(glyceraldehyde -3-phosphate dehydrogenase gene) promoter sequence of Lentinus edodes that has strong promoter actvity. Two specific fragments gpd-GF1 and gpd-GF2 were amplified from genomic DNA of Grifolafondosa using primers gpd-GFF1 /gpd-GFR and gpd-GFF2/gpd-GFR. DNA sequence analysis indicated that gpd-GF1 and gpd-GF2 fragments had 1018 bp and 615 bp, respectively.BLAST search showed that gd-GFI and gpd-GF2 had significantly homologous nucleotide sequences with the upstream sequence of gleGPD gene of Lentinus edodes,the homology was 96 % and 98 %, respectively. Promoter Prediction Software analysis showed that fragments gpd-GFl and gd-GF2 had strong promoter activity.They contained many important cis-acting elements such as TATA box,I box,CAAT box, GATA box and CCC core.All these elements played important roles in transcripion and translation. So gd-GFFI might have stronger promoter activity.The above segnents were inseted into the expression vector pCAMBIA1301 to displace 35 S promoter that made GUS expression. 
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    A Method of Jackfruit Leaf DNA Extraction for RAPD and AFLP Analysis
    Ye Chunhai Li Yingzhi Feng Feng
    2005, 26 (4):  64-66. 
    Abstract ( 184 )   PDF (170KB) ( 148 )  
    Using leaves of firm flesh and sof flesh jackfruit as material,high quality and large quantity genomic DNA was extracted with a modified CTAB procedure.The output of DNA was about300ug/g, which was ready for RAPD and AFLPanalysis
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    Breeding of Production Strains of Spinosads
    Dai Peng Xu Xuelian He Yuping Dai Jingyuan Lin Kaichun Huang Junsheng
    2005, 26 (4):  67-70. 
    Abstract ( 143 )   PDF (146KB) ( 199 )  
    Spinosads is a macrolide lactone antibiotic fermented in aerobiotic environment by Saccharpolyspora spinosa. Firstly, the spores of spinosads producer n-23-108 were treated with ultrasonic waves to increase the permeability of the cell wall. Then the spores were mutated with UV, "Co-Y irradiation, N+transfusion. As a result,mutant strain C121 was obtained, its chemical titer was increased by 171%,reaching 460 g/mL.
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    Study on Hydrogenated MG Latex
    Zhu Zhuqing Lin Wu Gao Renfu Zhao Dongtao FuXi
    2005, 26 (4):  71-74. 
    Abstract ( 150 )   PDF (169KB) ( 105 )  
    Studies were made on the hydrogenation principle of MG latex, and the influence of graft rate and stearate on the hydrogenation degree of MG latex. The configuration of the hydrogenated MG latex was analyzed using IR. The results showed that stearate was disadvantageous to the hydrogenation of MG latex. In the best hydrogenation conditions, the hydrogenation degree of MG30 was 49.7 %, the hydrogenation degree of MG49 was only 37.3%.The hydrogenated MG latex had the good properties of resisting heat aging. 
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    Study on Thermoplastic and Degradable Cassava Starch Material
    Zhang Kexi Fu Xin Wang Zhifen
    2005, 26 (4):  75-78. 
    Abstract ( 160 )   PDF (206KB) ( 215 )  
    Mechanical and degradable properties of the modified cassava starch material were studied and the thermoplasticity was studied by DSC.The results showed that the modified cassava starch had been improved in thermoplasticity. It also had good mechanical and degradable properties.
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    Characteristics of Polyphenol Oxidase in Chinese Yam and Non-sulfur Prevention of Discoloration in Chinese Yam Processing 
    Wei Baoyao Yi Xiangxi Teng Jianwen
    2005, 26 (4):  79-82. 
    Abstract ( 176 )   PDF (163KB) ( 239 )  
    Enzymes browning is the key reason of color variation in Chinese yam processing. Some main characteristics of polyphenol oxidase in Chinese yam such as the optimum pH value and temperature were sudied, and some appropriate non-sulfur agents such as NaCl,Ve and citric acid were selected to prevent the discoloration of the Chinese yam.By an orthogonal experiment of L9(3),a kind of mixed saking solution,i.e.NaCI0.7%,Ve 0.3% and citric acid 0.6%, which was safe and effective for color protection, was obtained.After the fresh Chinese yam was soaked in the designed mixed solution for 4 hours, then dried at 65℃ for 4.5 hours, the color of the dried Chinese yam was same as that of the dried Chinese yam by sulfur dioxide.
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    Preparation of Water-soluble Chitooligosaccharides
    Xue Xinghual Zheng Xiangqian Zhu Ronghua Qiu Houyuan
    2005, 26 (4):  83-85. 
    Abstract ( 129 )   PDF (126KB) ( 135 )  
    The degradation efect of six kinds of oxidative system on chitosan was investigated. The result showed that H2O2/HCl/MInO2 was an effective oxidative degradation system on chitosan, and water-soluble chiooligosa ccharides could be prepared. The efects of reaction conditions on molecular weight and yield of water-soluble chitosan were studied.The results showed that the molecular weight of water-soluble chitosan increased with reaction temperature, but decreased with the increase of deacetylation degree. The molecular weight also decreased with reaction time, but the yield of water-soluble chitosan increased with reaction time. 1.5 hours after hydrogen peroxide and manganese dioxide were respectively added into the reaction system, the molecular weight of water-soluble chitosan decreased as low as 1476, but the yield increased as high as 94.6%.
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    Study on Controlling Efficacy of Derris Root Extracts on Tea Green Leafhopper
    Zhao Dongxiang Gao Jinglin Xu Hanhong
    2005, 26 (4):  86-89. 
    Abstract ( 151 )   PDF (150KB) ( 141 )  
    Bioactivity of deris rot extract (DE) against Empoasca vitis was tested.The results showed that under laboratory conditions, DE had antifeedant effect on 2t-3"instar nymph of E.vitis, the AFC50 at24h was 23.30 ug/mL; and had insecticidal effect on 2 and 5" instar nymph,the LCoat 24h was 21.39ug/mL and 35.38 g/mLrespectively.The repellent effect of35 ug/mLDE to the adult was 86.55%.In field experiment, DE had significant controlling effcacy on E. vitis even at 40 ug/mL concentration.The contolling rate in 5d after spraying was 97.24 %.The controllng effcacy of mixture of DE2+Imidacloprid was almost same as that of Imidacloprid.
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    Monitoring of Insecticides Resistance of Spodoptera exigua in Fujian Province, China
    Lan Yiquam Zhao Shi Wu Gang
    2005, 26 (4):  90-93. 
    Abstract ( 152 )   PDF (148KB) ( 153 )  
    Spodoptera exigua populations were collced from Jianxin of Fuzhou,Shangie of Minlou,Jan,ou of Nanping,Tong,an of Xiamen,Huangshi of Putian and Longhaiof Zhangzhou(Fujian Province).The resistances of Spodoptera exigua to six insecticides were tested by topical aplication.The esults showed that comparedwith the susceptible populations,the resistances of 4th-instar larvae of six field populations were founded respectively to be 438.5,389.7,312.4,423.7,286.5 and317.7folds to fenvalerate;1015.4,951.5,702.2,850.4,768.6and 687.6 folds to alpha-cypermethrin;53.3,49.1,67.4,74.2,58.1 and 77.8foldsto phoxim;203.8,212.7,135.5, 162.4,208.4 and 362.4 folds to methomyl;48.7,29.4,40.1,42.5,27.5and 35.8 folds to tebufenozide;23.5, 19.4,29.7,12.8,14.5 and 13.2 folds to endosulfan.There was not significant difference in the toxicity of the three uncommonly used insecticides(emamectin,chlorfenapyr and chlrfluazuron)to the six populations. 
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    Energy Dispersive X-ray and Micro-infrared Spectroscopic Analysis of Organic Compounds in Rice Silica Bodies 
    Fang Jiangyu Ma Xuelong
    2005, 26 (4):  94-98. 
    Abstract ( 167 )   PDF (293KB) ( 142 )  
    To understand the organic compounds asociated withsilica, a new method was developed t iolate pure silica bodies in fresh leaves of rice (Oryza saiva L.Var.297) at low temperature by ginding and centrifugation procedures,which avoided the destruction of the silica body due to high temperature or strong oxidizing acids applied in the traditional method.Because there is only trace amount of organic compounds in silica bodies,they cannot be examined with conventional biochemical or bio-physidlogical apparatus in the laboratory.Therefore, energy dispersive X-ray spectrum and micro-infrared spectroscopy were introduced.The results showed that there was a little amount of carbon in silica bodies in addition to silicon and oxygen. Organic compounds intimately associated with silica bodies were released by treatment with HF solution. Analysi of the organic matter by micro-infrared spectroscopy revealed the possible presence of polyphenol, polysaecharide and protein.
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    Effect of Graphite Tube Functional Change on Determination of the Lead in Non-polluted Fruits and Vegetables
    Zhou Cong Chen Xuehua Liu Hongsheng Gao Liua
    2005, 26 (4):  99-103. 
    Abstract ( 181 )   PDF (268KB) ( 149 )  
    The graphite tube atomic absorption signals of dfrent determination times,relevant technical indexes and surface structure changes were analyzed using graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry and scanning electron microscope observation method to study the effect of graphite tube functional change on determination of the lead in non-polluted fruits and vegetables as well as the occurrence pattern. Countermeasures were put forward to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the analyzing results. Experiments showed that the function of graphite tube changed with the change of determination time, solution acidity,atomization temperature and time,and etc. The functional change of the graphite tube had great influence on the analyzing results. The influence was effectively reduced or eliminated using the methods such as standard solution adjusting,contoling the acid quatity,using one tube for specic purpose and using graphite ube with a coating. Standard recovery tests were made respectively of a national standard product(tea GBW07605)and samples of several fnits and vegetables. The resulls showed that the determination resutsof lead in the standard product wer within the range sipulated by the standard,and the standard recoveryrates of the samples were 10010%.
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    The Progress of Studies on Stylosanthes
    Jiang Changshun
    2005, 26 (4):  104-108. 
    Abstract ( 121 )   PDF (186KB) ( 179 )  
    The progress of studies on Stylosanthes in the aspects of stylo anthracnose caused by the fungus Collectotrichum gloeosporioides and its genetic diversity and epidemiology, breeding, cytogenetics, cytobiology, tissue culture, protoplasm fusion, gene clone, genetic transformation, classfcation and molecular makers was reviewed in this paper.
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