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25 October 2020, Volume 41 Issue 10 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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China Tropical Agriculture Development Strategy in the New Period CUI Pengwei,ZHU Anhong 2020, 41 (10):  1949-1953.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2020.10.001 Abstract ( 318 )   HTML ( 24 )   PDF (1037KB) ( 358 )   This paper defines the tropical regions both worldwide and in China from aspects of internationally recognized practices and traditional convention practices, and puts forward the definition of tropical agriculture. The paper summarizes the characteristics and advantages, development progress and effect of tropical agriculture in China, and deeply studies the present situation and challenges of tropical agriculture development in China. On the basis, the paper puts forward the strategic positioning of the development of tropical agriculture in China in the new period (“five services”): serving national food security, serving rural revitalization and ecological civilization construction, serving international cooperation, serving national security and serving Hainan Free Trade Port construction. The key tasks of tropical agriculture development in China in the new period are as follows: to build the national scientific and technological strength of tropical agriculture, to develop modern tropical agriculture industry, and to raise the level of international cooperation in tropical agriculture. References | Related Articles

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Thoughts on Setting Up National Tropical Agricultural Science Center CUI Pengwei,ZHU Anhong 2020, 41 (10):  1954-1957.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2020.10.002 Abstract ( 274 )   HTML ( 11 )   PDF (877KB) ( 442 )   Based on the systematic review of the administration of relevant comprehensive national science centers in China, this paper concludes the experience and lessons for the construction of the national tropical agricultural science center, which is to strengthen the infrastructure support, optimize the resource layout and innovate the system and mechanism so as to make conceptual preparations for the forming of the National Tropical Agricultural Science Center in terms of functional orientation, key tasks and system and mechanism. References | Related Articles

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Research Progress on Biology of Rubber Production in Rubber Tree TANG Chaorong 2020, 41 (10):  1958-1967.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2020.10.003 Abstract ( 477 )   HTML ( 17 )   PDF (3183KB) ( 300 )   Natural rubber (cis-1, 4-polyisoprene) is an important industrial raw material, commercially harvested mainly from rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis). Important progresses have been made in the past decade on Hevea biology of rubber production, focusing on rubber biosynthesis and latex production. The present review summarized the major progress in four research areas with relation to rubber production, i.e. Hevea genome sequencing, rubber transferase, transgenic research, and transcriptomics & proteomics. Moreover, the problems were discussed and a few of research emphasis in the next 5 to 10 years were proposed. When describing the studies of rubber transferase, the recent progress in several other rubber-producing plants were included. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles

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Genetic Resources, Evaluation, Application and Breeding of Cassava Crop Luiz JCB Carvalho,CHEN Songbi 2020, 41 (10):  1968-1978.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2020.10.004 Abstract ( 385 )   HTML ( 16 )   PDF (21260KB) ( 210 )   This review article discussed the neutral genetic topics related to cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) variation, evolution, genetic resources and domestication leading to the remarkable differences in cassava storage root traits that could be used to improve human nutrition’s qualities for food supply in tropical regions of the world. Updated information on genetic resources, genetic diversity, genomics, transcriptomic, proteomics, and metabolism pathways to improve cassava storage root traits throughout conventional breeding was provided. Procedures results and achievements were presented to illustrate the improvements on novel starch content, protein content and carotenoid content as well as conventional breeding of cassava storage roots. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles

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Plant Halotolerance: Evolution and Halogenomics XUHAN Xu,GUO Rongfang,ZHANG Yumiao,LI Rong,XIAO Xuechen,CAO Ziyi,WANG Shanshan,ZHANG Kexuan,CHEN Xiaohui,CHEN Xiaodong,CHEN Yukun,YE Wei,YE Kaiwen,LIN Yuling,LAI Zhongxiong 2020, 41 (10):  1979-1989.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2020.10.005 Abstract ( 334 )   HTML ( 21 )   PDF (1130KB) ( 315 )   Plant salt-tolerance (halotolerance) has become increasingly important as the social development needs to use saline land to grow plants. In the long-term evolution, there are mainly two types of plants: halophilic plants and glycophytes, which have undergone extensive and deep genetic variations in the salt-processing mechanisms by cells and populations. In view of the great progress made in the exploration of plant salt tolerance, the salt tolerance improvement and the desalination of salt environment for plants, there is a need to expand the horizon from the perspective of cellular and individual mechanisms to populational mechanism and even ecological interactions with multi-genome involved by means of salt-genomics (halogenomics) and metagenomics. Here, according to the recent progress in this field, the evolution and omics analysis of plant salt-tolerance were made in the present review in order to provide a genomic reference for further research and exploration of plant halotolerance. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles

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Advances in Somatic Embryogenesis of Dimocarpus longan Lour. CHEN Yukun,LIN Xiaoyi,LAI Zhongxiong 2020, 41 (10):  1990-2002.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2020.10.006 Abstract ( 350 )   HTML ( 20 )   PDF (1151KB) ( 320 )   Longan somatic embryogenesis (SE) system is an excellent system for studying embryogenesis in woody plants, which lays the foundation for studying the molecular regulation mechanism during SE and molecular breeding of longan. Accordingly, the induction of embryogenic callus and in vitro conservation, high-frequency SE and plant regeneration, regulation of synchronization somatic embryo and histomorphological observation in longan, the physiological, biochemical changes, and metabolite accumulation, proteomic and whole transcriptomics analysis by RNA-seq, DNA methylation during SE, SE-related genes cloning and genome-wide identification, expression pattern and function study of SE-related genes, research on genetic transformation of SE system in longan, were reviewed in this paper. Meanwhile, the research prospect of longan SE was analyzed and prospected. References | Related Articles

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Twenty Years of Genomics Research in Banana (Musa L.): Achievements and Challenges JIN Zhiqiang 2020, 41 (10):  2003-2012.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2020.10.007 Abstract ( 350 )   HTML ( 16 )   PDF (1123KB) ( 356 )   Banana genome has been studied for more than 20 years, and some progress has been made. In this paper, the achievements of banana genomics research were reviewed from five aspects: whole genome sequencing, subgenome differentiation, chromosomal structural variation at genome level, chromosome exchange under polyploid background, genome expansion and function. References | Related Articles

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Research Progress of Technologies in Banana Fruit Preservation and Transportation ZHU Xiaoyang,LI Xueping,SHAN Wei,KUANG Jianfei,CHEN Jianye,CHEN Weixin,LU Wangjin 2020, 41 (10):  2013-2021.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2020.10.008 Abstract ( 381 )   HTML ( 35 )   PDF (1443KB) ( 610 )   The preservation and transportation of banana fruit is a comprehensive and systematic project. Various factors are closely related to fruit commodity including banana varieties, fruit quality, post-harvest treatment process and preservation technology. In the present work, we summarized the research progress of technologies for banana fruit preservation at home and abroad in recent years, which highlighting the application of the ‘low ethylene controlling’ technology for banana preservation and transportation, and a simple equipment for post-harvest processing in banana industry, with advantages of light weight, simple operation and convenient carrying. Additionally, we also briefly introduced the research progress of the application of biotechnology in the preservation of postharvest banana fruit. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles

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Research Progress of Banana Processing SUN Jian,HE Xuemei,TANG Yayuan,TANG Jie,LI Zhichun 2020, 41 (10):  2022-2033.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2020.10.009 Abstract ( 464 )   HTML ( 49 )   PDF (1311KB) ( 778 )   Banana is an important tropical economic crop and the fruit with the largest trade volume in the world. The global out-put value of banana is around 38.5 billion US dollars providing food and income sources for about 400 million people around the world. At present, fresh bananas are mainly sold in the world, and the processing rate is less than 20%. Therefore, banana processing has great development potential. Advanced processing technology is the driving force to enhance commodity added-value and resource utilization rate of banana. It is also the key to promote sustainable development of banana industry. This article reviewed the research progress of banana processing, mainly focusing on nutrition composition, processing characteristics processing technology and product development. The problems in banana processing were pointed out and the development suggestions were also put forward, which could provide reference for banana processing, scientific research and policy formulation in the future. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles

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Mango Scientific Research in China in the Past 70 Years CHEN Yeyuan,DANG Zhiguo,LIN Dian,HU Meijiao,HUANG Jianfeng,ZHU Min,ZHANG He,HAN Dongyin,GAO Aiping,GAO Zhaoyin,HUANG Yuanyuan 2020, 41 (10):  2034-2044.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2020.10.010 Abstract ( 280 )   HTML ( 11 )   PDF (1115KB) ( 300 )   For over 70 years since the establishment of the People’s Republic of China, we have made important progress in talent training, team building, infrastracture platform, basic theory innovation and technology development in mango science and technology, which strongly supports startup and sustainable development of mango industry. Based on the summary of mango producton distribution and scale in China as well as over the globe, this paper discussed the achievements of China’s mango industry in terms of research and development course, germplasm and bredding, soil, fertilizer and water management, tillage patterns, floral and fruit management, disease and pest management, postharvest preservation, storage and transportation, industrial economy; and it analyzed our weaknesses and proposed key areas that we should focus on in the future. References | Related Articles

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Research of Chinese Olive in the Past 40 Years LAI Ruilian,CHEN Jin,WEI Xiaoxia,WU Rujian 2020, 41 (10):  2045-2054.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2020.10.011 Abstract ( 269 )   HTML ( 10 )   PDF (1010KB) ( 326 )   Chinese olive is a typical fruit tree with a long history of cultivation in tropical and subtropical areas of China. In the past 40 years, scientific research of Chinese olive has made significant breakthroughs in several fields, which is conducive to supporting the development of the industry. In this paper, the development and achievement of scientific research of Chinese olive in the past 40 years were reviewed, and the important progress in germplasm resources, cultivation technology, fruit quality, preservation, processing, pharmacological activity and biotechnology were summarized. According to the existing problem and development trend of Chinese olive industry, it is important to strengthen the basic-application research and key technology innovation in the future, to promote the transformation, upgrading and development of industry of Chinese olive. References | Related Articles

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Biosynthetic Pathway and Regulation of Anthocyanins in the Pericarp of Litchi CHEN Jiayi,ZHAO Jietang,WANG Huicong,HU Guibing 2020, 41 (10):  2055-2061.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2020.10.012 Abstract ( 689 )   HTML ( 5942 )   PDF (1003KB) ( 859 )   Litchi is a subtropical evergreen fruit tree, which has high commercial value. The color of litchi fruit is an important quality character that affects market appealing. The color of litchi fruit decides by various pigments. The red coloration of litchi pericarp during maturation mainly due to the accumulation of anthocyanins. The biosynthesis of anthocyanins in litchi pericarp involves multiple steps and is regulated by different factors. With the wide application of molecular biology techniques, the research on anthocyanin biosynthesis and regulation has attained substantial progress in recent years. Numerous papers about the biosynthesis of anthocyanins in litchi has also been published. Here, we summarize the research results in recent years on domestic and foreign studies on litchi amthocyanins. The biosynthetic pathway of anthocyanins in litchi pericarp was reviewed. And the effects of the external environment, physiology and biochemistry, and molecular biology on the accumulation of anthocyanins were comprehensively summarized to provide theoretical guidance for better fruit coloration through breeding or cultural attempts. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles

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Advances in Postharvest Chilling Injury of Tropical Fruit and Vegetable ZHANG Dandan,QU Hongxia,DUAN Xuewu,JIANG Yueming 2020, 41 (10):  2062-2079.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2020.10.013 Abstract ( 403 )   HTML ( 15 )   PDF (1916KB) ( 455 )   The mechanism of chilling injury in relation to postharvest technology of fruit and vegetable during cold storage is an important scientific and technical issue in postharvest research field. The occurrence of chilling injury of fruit and vegetable during cold storage is an active process of combined internal factors and external environmental conditions. In recent years, with the application of modern molecular biology technology and the research result obtained from the model plant (Arabidopsis thaliana), the regulation mechanism and prevention technology of chilling injury of harvested fruit and vegetable during cold storage have been investigated in-depth. This article reviews the recent advances in the physiological and molecular bases of chilling injury in relation to postharvest technology, focuses on the role of energy status in regulating chilling injury, emphasizes the application of biotechnology in preventing chilling injury, and discusss the future development based on the chilling injury and its control technology of fruit and vegetable during cold storage. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles

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Advances in Propagation in vitro of Paphiopedilum ZENG Songjun,GUO Beiyi,KONG Xinping,FANG Lin,LI Lin,CHEN Xian,FU Wenqun,WU Kunlin 2020, 41 (10):  2080-2089.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2020.10.014 Abstract ( 355 )   HTML ( 11 )   PDF (1024KB) ( 397 )   Paphiopedilum are one of the most endangered plant species in the world as a result of over-collection, loss of suitable habitats and difficulty of propagatation, all wild species are listed in the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) Appendix I and their trade is prohibited. Successful propagation techniques are beneficial to germplasm resources protection and sustainable utilization. In this paper, the propagation technologies in vitro on asepsis sowing, symbiotic seed germination and tissue culture of Paphiopedilum were reviewed and the existing problems and solutions were put forward in order to provide reference for the further research on the propagation technology in vitro and the large-scale production of high-quality seedlings of the genus. References | Related Articles

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Nutritional Value and Processing Prospect of Moringa Oleifera ZHOU Wei,HUANG Zhilian,PENG Shaodan,HUANG Xiaobing,CAO Yupo,LI Jihua 2020, 41 (10):  2090-2098.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2020.10.015 Abstract ( 531 )   HTML ( 17 )   PDF (2508KB) ( 258 )   Moringa oleifera is widely planted in tropical and subtropical areas, which can withstand drought, frost and other severe weather, has strong growth resistance. M. oleifera is rich in nutritional value and essential phytochemicals. M. oleifera has better physiological effect of antioxidation and anti-inflammation, which has great potential for development. At present, the researches of M. oleifera were mainly focused on moringa leaves and moringa seeds, and products of M. oleifera were processed by adding moringa leaves powder or moringa seed oil as nutritional supplements. In this paper, the nutritional value of different parts of M. oleifera, the physiological functions of the extract and the processing status of M. oleifera in food and daily chemical products were reviewed, so as to provide research ideas for solving the existing problems of M. oleifera processing, and provide reference for the deep processing of M. oleifera, and promote the development of the M. oleifera industry. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles

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Molecular Mechanism and Biological Functions of Plant Epigenetic Modifications WANG Jingyu,CHEN Xiaohui,LAI Zhongxiong 2020, 41 (10):  2099-2112.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2020.10.016 Abstract ( 399 )   HTML ( 22 )   PDF (2350KB) ( 443 )   Epigenetic regulation refers to the functions of genes based on the change of non-DNA sequence, which finally leads to the biological pleiotropic phenotype. Epigenetic regulators are involved in almost all plant growth and development by directing gene expression at multiple levels. In this paper, the main types and molecular mechanisms of plant epigenetic modifications, such as DNA methylation, histone modification, RNA methylation, chromatin remodeling, non-coding RNA, gene imprinting and maternal effects, as well as their action mechanisms and biological functions in cell proliferation, cell differentiation, biotic and abiotic stresses, flowering, fruit maturation and embryo development were reviewed while their applications in agriculture were finally prospected. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles

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Cloning and Expression Analysis of EfGRAS Gene of Relative Sugarcane Wild Species Erianthus fluvus SHEN Xianyue,GU Shujie,XIE Linyan,QIAN Zhenfeng,ZENG Dan,HE Lilian,LI Fusheng 2020, 41 (10):  2113-2119.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2020.10.017 Abstract ( 292 )   HTML ( 10 )   PDF (2191KB) ( 272 )   In order to make deeper research into the drought resistance of sugarcane varieties, the genes of GRAS which playing an important role in the regulation of drought resistance mechanisms in sugarcane varieties for expression analysis were studied. In this experiment, we firstly retrieved the GRAS transcription factor gene sequence information from the transcriptome database, and used RACE-PCR and qRT-PCR techniques to clone a GRAS gene from ‘Sucrose 99-2’ and namde it EfGRAS (GenBank registration No. MT499789), then the bioinformatics analysis and expression analysis under drought stress were conducted on the EfGRAS gene. The results showed that the EfGRAS gene could encode 547 amino acids with a CDS 1644 bp in length, the molecular formula of the protein was C2645H4149N747O816S21, the relative molecular mass was 60.14 kDa, the instability coefficient was 54.85, the fat coefficient was 84.37, and the GRAVY value was ?0.293, which was a class unstable and hydrophilic protein. The subcellular location indicated that it was located in the nucleus. The main secondary structure of EfGRAS protein was α-helix and random coils, which were closely related to sorghum; qRT-PCR analysis showed that after drought stress, the gene expression in ‘Sugarcane 99-2’ was up-regulated by about 57.6 times compared to the control group, and the gene expression in ‘DZ 01-58’ was up-regulated by about 27.4 times compared to the control group. Compared with the control group, the gene expression level in ‘YC 89-9’ had a lower fold of up-regulation. The results would provide a theoretical basis for the further study on the function of EfGRAS in sugarcane. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles

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The Identification of Internal Control Genes Based on Genome and Transcriptome Data in Black Pepper (Piper nigrum L.) HU Lisong,WU Siting,DUAN Xingshuai,CEN Yi,SU Yuefeng,FAN Rui,WU Baoduo,HAO Chaoyun 2020, 41 (10):  2120-2129.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2020.10.018 Abstract ( 315 )   HTML ( 17 )   PDF (1473KB) ( 370 )   In order to identify the internal control gene for the gene expression analysis in black pepper, 62 candidate internal control genes were selected by a preliminary assessment of genome and transcriptome data. The stability of gene expression was investigated using geNorm, NormFinder and BestKeeper in a diverse set of 16 samples, including root, shoot apices, leaf, flower, fruits at different developmental stages and the stems at different time after inoculated with Phytophthora capsici. By combining with the expression pattern of target gene, the gene Myeloid leukemia factor 1 (Pn17.1212) with ideal stable expression was identified. It can be considered as an ideal internal control gene in the analysis gene expression pattern of fruit development and Phytophthora capsica infection. The selection of internal reference genes should not be limited to housekeeping genes, the genome and transcriptome data could provide more candidate genes. The identification of internal reference genes should require a comprehensive analysis such as transcriptome, expression stability and expression pattern validation of marker genes. An ideal internal control gene could be applied in different researches with different requirement of the stability of expression. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles

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Advances of Genomics and Its Utilization in Tropical Crops ZHOU Xincheng,XIA Zhiqiang,CHEN Xin,ZOU Meiling,LU Cheng,WANG Haiyan,WANG Wenquan 2020, 41 (10):  2130-2142.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2020.10.019 Abstract ( 308 )   HTML ( 10 )   PDF (1194KB) ( 363 )   Genomics not only makes the development of genetics up to the ultimate dream, to obtain precision DNA sequence in chromosome level for individual species, resolve the basic problems of life science, but also, the ultra-high throughput sequencing technology makes it easy and accuracy to interprete the population genetic diversity for a species, thus changing the way and the process of modern life science and research. Here is an overview of the latest progress of genome technology and its extensive application in the fields of genetic structure diversity of species populations, functional gene exploration, biological evolution and precision breeding in combination with relevant omics technology, so as to comprehensively analyze biological inheritance and character variation. Meanwhile, the biological characteristics, genome research progress and existing problems of tropical crops were briefly reviewed, and perspective the future development and new applications of genomics. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles