Characteristics of Biochar Prepared from Hainan Typical Feedstocks in Different Temperatures

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2020.07.029

Abstract

Abstract:

Material and pyrolysis temperature have important effects on the properties of biochar. Nine typical feedstocks (e.g., coconut shell, banana stem, rubber branch and so on) in Hainan were selected to analyze the properties of the biochar prepared at different temperatures (300, 500 and 700 ℃), as well as the internal correlation. pH, C/H ratio, specific surface area (SSA), and P of the biochar increased as the pyrolysis temperature increased, whereas the yield, hydrogen and sulfur content decreased. Carbon or nitrogen content, electrical conductivity (EC), K, Ca and Mg content, and cation exchange capacity (CEC) of biochar presented different change with the increase of temperature due to varied raw materials. The content of heavy metals in the biochar was not beyond the concentration limited in standards. Carbon content, C/N ratio and P, K, Ca and Mg content in the biochar were all positively correlated with that in raw material (P<0.05). Potassium content in feedstocks had significant effects on pH, EC and CEC of biochar. Considering the properties of yield, carbon content, SSA, CEC and mineral elements, the biochars from mushroom residue, coconut shell and banana pseudostem were better. This conclusion would be helpful for feedstock selection for the biochar production in tropical areas.

Key words: feedstock, temperature, tropical area, biochar, property

CLC Number:

ZOU Ganghua,DAI Minjie,ZHAO Fengliang,SHAN Ying. Characteristics of Biochar Prepared from Hainan Typical Feedstocks in Different Temperatures[J]. Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, 2020, 41(7): 1498-1504.

Figures/Tables 4

References 19

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性质 Property	蘑菇渣 MG	菠萝叶 BL	荔枝杆 LZ	桉树皮 AS	椰子壳 YZ	香蕉茎 XJ	水稻杆 SD	橡胶杆 XJG	木薯杆 MS
C/%	34.4	44.7	48.9	40.4	47.6	38.6	39.1	47.2	46.6
H/%	4.13	6.03	5.93	5.18	5.50	5.15	5.53	5.90	6.07
N/%	1.54	0.60	0.95	0.26	0.69	0.58	1.08	0.46	0.83
S/%	0.85	1.03	1.12	0.97	0.97	0.94	1.13	1.02	0.98
C/N	22.4	75.1	51.5	158	69.0	67.1	36.4	104	56.1
P/(g?kg^-1)	4.72	0.52	1.66	1.02	0.85	1.32	1.65	0.61	1.89
K/(g·kg^-1)	12.9	13.7	7.35	5.28	12.0	73.4	32.5	3.99	14.2
Ca/(g·kg^-1)	74.6	2.33	2.96	18.2	0.83	7.08	1.43	6.26	5.47
Mg/(g·kg^-1)	7.10	1.24	1.53	2.79	0.80	1.75	2.70	0.46	1.25

性质 Property	蘑菇渣 MG	菠萝叶 BL	荔枝杆 LZ	桉树皮 AS	椰子壳 YZ	香蕉茎 XJ	水稻杆 SD	橡胶杆 XJG	木薯杆 MS
C/%	34.4	44.7	48.9	40.4	47.6	38.6	39.1	47.2	46.6
H/%	4.13	6.03	5.93	5.18	5.50	5.15	5.53	5.90	6.07
N/%	1.54	0.60	0.95	0.26	0.69	0.58	1.08	0.46	0.83
S/%	0.85	1.03	1.12	0.97	0.97	0.94	1.13	1.02	0.98
C/N	22.4	75.1	51.5	158	69.0	67.1	36.4	104	56.1
P/(g?kg^-1)	4.72	0.52	1.66	1.02	0.85	1.32	1.65	0.61	1.89
K/(g·kg^-1)	12.9	13.7	7.35	5.28	12.0	73.4	32.5	3.99	14.2
Ca/(g·kg^-1)	74.6	2.33	2.96	18.2	0.83	7.08	1.43	6.26	5.47
Mg/(g·kg^-1)	7.10	1.24	1.53	2.79	0.80	1.75	2.70	0.46	1.25

性质 Property	温度 T/℃	蘑菇渣 MG	菠萝叶 BL	荔枝杆 LZ	桉树皮 AS	椰子壳 YZ	香蕉茎 XJ	水稻杆 SD	橡胶杆 XJG	木薯杆 MS
Ratio	300	78.9^a	42.3^a	55.2^a	75.1^a	50.4^a	55.5^a	63.4^a	69.9^a	44.5^a
	500	58.5^b	28.3^b	37.9^b	45.2^b	40.6^b	39.8^b	37.1^b	33.7^b	31.2^b
	700	52.1^c	26.5^b	31.8^c	41.4^c	34.6^c	37.6^c	35.1^c	25.7^c	31.2^b
pH	300	8.24^c	8.30^b	8.26^c	7.44^c	8.23^c	8.01^c	7.90^c	7.84^c	8.49^b
	500	9.08^b	9.65^a	9.17^b	8.60^b	9.25^b	10.0^b	9.74^b	8.79^b	9.80^a
	700	9.42^a	9.84^a	9.68^a	8.82^a	9.63^a	10.2^a	10.2^a	9.33^a	9.82^a
EC	300	690^a	580^c	150^c	245^b	398^c	3175^c	1076^c	157^c	433^c
	500	569^b	859^b	159^b	245^b	525^b	4244^b	1595^b	163^b	682^b
	700	400^c	1144^a	403^a	296^a	720.^a	4455^a	1758^a	233^a	816^a
C	300	38.0^a	55.1^c	57.0^c	44.3^c	66.2^b	47.4^a	47.9^b	54.3^c	56.4^b
	500	37.3^a	68.5^b	71.8^b	49.5^b	69.1^a	48.2^a	50.0^a	69.1^a	71.4^a
	700	37.6^a	73.2^a	79.1^a	56.5^a	61.1^c	49.2^a	35.8^c	58.2^b	50.8^c
H	300	3.90^a	5.08^b	4.57^a	4.31^a	4.21^a	4.18^a	4.72^a	5.41^a	4.05^a
	500	2.48^b	5.43^a	3.36^b	2.51^b	3.18^b	2.51^b	2.42^b	3.58^b	2.76^b
	700	1.07^c	2.00^c	1.94^c	1.64^c	1.88^c	1.60^c	1.57^c	1.83^c	1.86^c
N	300	1.81^a	1.00^b	1.39^ab	0.46^a	0.92^a	1.07^a	1.34^a	0.53^b	1.28^a
	500	1.32^b	1.23^a	1.54^a	0.49^a	0.88^a	0.92^ab	1.33^a	0.90^a	1.42^a
	700	0.89^c	0.93^b	1.26^bc	0.39^a	0.48^b	0.73^bc	1.17^a	0.78^a	1.34^a
S	300	0.89^a	0.95^a	0.85^a	0.78^a	0.82^a	0.74^a	0.90^a	1.06^a	0.70^a
	500	0.50^b	1.07^a	0.80^a	0.54^b	0.48^b	0.37^b	0.53^b	0.51^b	0.60^a
	700	0.23^c	0.47^b	0.38^b	0.30^c	0.31^c	0.18^c	0.31^c	0.28^c	0.34^b
C/N	300	21.0^c	55.1^b	41.0^c	96.2^c	71.9^c	44.3^c	35.7^b	102.4^a	44.0^b
	500	28.3^b	55.7^b	46.6^b	101.0^b	78.6^b	52.3^b	37.6^a	76.8^b	50.3^a
性质 Property	温度 T/℃	蘑菇渣 MG	菠萝叶 BL	荔枝杆 LZ	桉树皮 AS	椰子壳 YZ	香蕉茎 XJ	水稻杆 SD	橡胶杆 XJG	木薯杆 MS
	700	42.2^a	78.7^a	62.8^a	144.8^a	127.3^a	67.4^a	30.6^c	74.6^c	37.9^c
C/H	300	9.75^c	10.8^c	12.5^c	10.3^c	15.7^c	11.3^c	10.1^c	10.0^c	13.9^b
	500	15.0^b	12.6^b	21.4^b	19.7^b	21.7^b	19.2^b	20.6^b	19.3^b	25.9^a
	700	35.1^a	36.6^a	40.8^a	34.4^a	32.5^a	30.7^a	22.8^a	31.8^a	27.3^a
P	300	6.39^c	2.78^c	3.87^c	2.90^c	1.82^b	3.63^c	3.62^b	2.20^b	0.20^c
	500	8.41^b	4.17^b	5.15^b	3.27^b	3.35^a	4.59^a	5.72^a	2.25^b	0.44^b
	700	10.3^a	4.67^a	7.08^a	4.19^a	3.07^a	4.39^a	5.64^a	4.64^a	6.83^a
K	300	18.8^c	33.5^b	21.6^a	8.91^c	24.3^c	126.0^c	45.2^c	7.32^c	27.5^c
	500	24.0^b	51.1^a	18.8^b	12.5^b	30.1^b	167.1^b	75.1^b	11.2^b	40.9^b
	700	27.5^a	51.0^a	15.3c	14.7^a	34.8^a	198.0^a	79.3^a	15.6^a	43.9^a
Ca	300	73.6^c	12.1^b	16.5^a	24.2^c	9.22^bc	18.1^c	5.51^b	23.7^c	20.8^b
	500	96.5^b	15.2^a	15.1^a	34.2^b	11.6^a	25.2^a	7.57^a	27.5^b	28.2^a
	700	187.5^a	12.8^b	15.4^a	40.3^a	11.0^ab	21.5^b	8.91^a	35.7^a	27.5^a
Mg	300	6.78^c	3.29^c	5.88^a	4.88^c	1.87^c	5.14^a	6.56^a	2.58^b	3.57^b
	500	8.64^b	4.48^b	4.18^b	7.26^a	3.56^a	4.89^b	5.00^c	2.66^b	3.92^a
	700	11.6^a	5.15^a	3.87^c	6.69^b	2.70^b	4.46^c	5.33^b	3.79^a	3.76^a
CEC	300	87.4^a	40.8^b	17.6^c	40.2^a	30.4^b	63.6^a	77.6^a	48.5^a	44.2^b
	500	55.0^b	46.9^a	39.1^a	38.8^a	53.3^a	62.5^a	65.0^b	32.6^b	59.8^a
	700	28.4^c	47.7^a	31.5^b	25.2^b	25.9^c	58.0^b	55.9^c	31.0^b	41.1^c
SSA	300	4.30^c	2.30^b	2.40^c	1.70^c	3.20^c	2.60^b	2.30^c	0.90^b	1.90^b
	500	7.40^b	3.90^a	3.40^b	4.80^b	5.40^b	3.10^a	3.90^b	2.50^a	2.50^a
	700	58.7^a	3.50^a	146^a	120^a	82.8^a	3.20^a	5.30^a	2.10^a	2.70^a

性质 Property	温度 T/℃	蘑菇渣 MG	菠萝叶 BL	荔枝杆 LZ	桉树皮 AS	椰子壳 YZ	香蕉茎 XJ	水稻杆 SD	橡胶杆 XJG	木薯杆 MS
Ratio	300	78.9^a	42.3^a	55.2^a	75.1^a	50.4^a	55.5^a	63.4^a	69.9^a	44.5^a
	500	58.5^b	28.3^b	37.9^b	45.2^b	40.6^b	39.8^b	37.1^b	33.7^b	31.2^b
	700	52.1^c	26.5^b	31.8^c	41.4^c	34.6^c	37.6^c	35.1^c	25.7^c	31.2^b
pH	300	8.24^c	8.30^b	8.26^c	7.44^c	8.23^c	8.01^c	7.90^c	7.84^c	8.49^b
	500	9.08^b	9.65^a	9.17^b	8.60^b	9.25^b	10.0^b	9.74^b	8.79^b	9.80^a
	700	9.42^a	9.84^a	9.68^a	8.82^a	9.63^a	10.2^a	10.2^a	9.33^a	9.82^a
EC	300	690^a	580^c	150^c	245^b	398^c	3175^c	1076^c	157^c	433^c
	500	569^b	859^b	159^b	245^b	525^b	4244^b	1595^b	163^b	682^b
	700	400^c	1144^a	403^a	296^a	720.^a	4455^a	1758^a	233^a	816^a
C	300	38.0^a	55.1^c	57.0^c	44.3^c	66.2^b	47.4^a	47.9^b	54.3^c	56.4^b
	500	37.3^a	68.5^b	71.8^b	49.5^b	69.1^a	48.2^a	50.0^a	69.1^a	71.4^a
	700	37.6^a	73.2^a	79.1^a	56.5^a	61.1^c	49.2^a	35.8^c	58.2^b	50.8^c
H	300	3.90^a	5.08^b	4.57^a	4.31^a	4.21^a	4.18^a	4.72^a	5.41^a	4.05^a
	500	2.48^b	5.43^a	3.36^b	2.51^b	3.18^b	2.51^b	2.42^b	3.58^b	2.76^b
	700	1.07^c	2.00^c	1.94^c	1.64^c	1.88^c	1.60^c	1.57^c	1.83^c	1.86^c
N	300	1.81^a	1.00^b	1.39^ab	0.46^a	0.92^a	1.07^a	1.34^a	0.53^b	1.28^a
	500	1.32^b	1.23^a	1.54^a	0.49^a	0.88^a	0.92^ab	1.33^a	0.90^a	1.42^a
	700	0.89^c	0.93^b	1.26^bc	0.39^a	0.48^b	0.73^bc	1.17^a	0.78^a	1.34^a
S	300	0.89^a	0.95^a	0.85^a	0.78^a	0.82^a	0.74^a	0.90^a	1.06^a	0.70^a
	500	0.50^b	1.07^a	0.80^a	0.54^b	0.48^b	0.37^b	0.53^b	0.51^b	0.60^a
	700	0.23^c	0.47^b	0.38^b	0.30^c	0.31^c	0.18^c	0.31^c	0.28^c	0.34^b
C/N	300	21.0^c	55.1^b	41.0^c	96.2^c	71.9^c	44.3^c	35.7^b	102.4^a	44.0^b
	500	28.3^b	55.7^b	46.6^b	101.0^b	78.6^b	52.3^b	37.6^a	76.8^b	50.3^a
性质 Property	温度 T/℃	蘑菇渣 MG	菠萝叶 BL	荔枝杆 LZ	桉树皮 AS	椰子壳 YZ	香蕉茎 XJ	水稻杆 SD	橡胶杆 XJG	木薯杆 MS
	700	42.2^a	78.7^a	62.8^a	144.8^a	127.3^a	67.4^a	30.6^c	74.6^c	37.9^c
C/H	300	9.75^c	10.8^c	12.5^c	10.3^c	15.7^c	11.3^c	10.1^c	10.0^c	13.9^b
	500	15.0^b	12.6^b	21.4^b	19.7^b	21.7^b	19.2^b	20.6^b	19.3^b	25.9^a
	700	35.1^a	36.6^a	40.8^a	34.4^a	32.5^a	30.7^a	22.8^a	31.8^a	27.3^a
P	300	6.39^c	2.78^c	3.87^c	2.90^c	1.82^b	3.63^c	3.62^b	2.20^b	0.20^c
	500	8.41^b	4.17^b	5.15^b	3.27^b	3.35^a	4.59^a	5.72^a	2.25^b	0.44^b
	700	10.3^a	4.67^a	7.08^a	4.19^a	3.07^a	4.39^a	5.64^a	4.64^a	6.83^a
K	300	18.8^c	33.5^b	21.6^a	8.91^c	24.3^c	126.0^c	45.2^c	7.32^c	27.5^c
	500	24.0^b	51.1^a	18.8^b	12.5^b	30.1^b	167.1^b	75.1^b	11.2^b	40.9^b
	700	27.5^a	51.0^a	15.3c	14.7^a	34.8^a	198.0^a	79.3^a	15.6^a	43.9^a
Ca	300	73.6^c	12.1^b	16.5^a	24.2^c	9.22^bc	18.1^c	5.51^b	23.7^c	20.8^b
	500	96.5^b	15.2^a	15.1^a	34.2^b	11.6^a	25.2^a	7.57^a	27.5^b	28.2^a
	700	187.5^a	12.8^b	15.4^a	40.3^a	11.0^ab	21.5^b	8.91^a	35.7^a	27.5^a
Mg	300	6.78^c	3.29^c	5.88^a	4.88^c	1.87^c	5.14^a	6.56^a	2.58^b	3.57^b
	500	8.64^b	4.48^b	4.18^b	7.26^a	3.56^a	4.89^b	5.00^c	2.66^b	3.92^a
	700	11.6^a	5.15^a	3.87^c	6.69^b	2.70^b	4.46^c	5.33^b	3.79^a	3.76^a
CEC	300	87.4^a	40.8^b	17.6^c	40.2^a	30.4^b	63.6^a	77.6^a	48.5^a	44.2^b
	500	55.0^b	46.9^a	39.1^a	38.8^a	53.3^a	62.5^a	65.0^b	32.6^b	59.8^a
	700	28.4^c	47.7^a	31.5^b	25.2^b	25.9^c	58.0^b	55.9^c	31.0^b	41.1^c
SSA	300	4.30^c	2.30^b	2.40^c	1.70^c	3.20^c	2.60^b	2.30^c	0.90^b	1.90^b
	500	7.40^b	3.90^a	3.40^b	4.80^b	5.40^b	3.10^a	3.90^b	2.50^a	2.50^a
	700	58.7^a	3.50^a	146^a	120^a	82.8^a	3.20^a	5.30^a	2.10^a	2.70^a

性质Property	R₃₀₀	R₅₀₀	R₇₀₀
C	0.90^**	0.98^**	0.76^**
H	0.59	0.54	0.94^**
N	0.95^**	0.73^*	0.52
S	0.26	0.42	0.55
C/N	0.88^**	0.93^**	0.79^*
P	0.68^*	0.66^*	0.92^**
K	0.99^**	0.99^**	0.99^**
Ca	0.98^**	0.98^**	0.99^**
Mg	0.72^*	0.91^**	0.97^**