Heterogeneity of Rice Growth in the Mode of Cowpea-rice Rotation

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2019.07.002

Abstract

Abstract:

Winter vegetable and rice rotation is an important cultivation mode in Hainan. In order to raise the residual fertilizer utilization efficiency of fore-rotating crop, the use of fertilizer will be reduced in rice, the succession crop, in general. At this time, the fertility inequality caused by the row application of fertilization of fore-rotating crop will greatly affect the production of subsequent rice. In this study, the cowpea-rice rotation mode was used as the research object, and ‘Juliangyou 747’, a hybrid rice variety, was used as the material, the effects of growth, yield components and quality of rice were analyzed at late tillering stage and maturity stage by sampling between rows with strong growth performance (T₁) and weak growth performance (T₂), respectively. There were significant differences in plant height, tiller number, shoot dry weight, area of converse third leaves and nitrogen content of plants in late tillering stage. Among them, the nitrogen content of roots, stems and leaves of T₁ plants was 117.1%, 368.8% and 72.3% significantly higher than that of T₂ plants, respectively. There were significant differences in the number of panicles, grains per panicle, seed setting rate and 1000-grain weight. In particular, the number of ears and seed setting rate of T₁ plants was 64.0% and 9.3% higher than that of T₂ plants. There were no significant differences in the brown rice rate, milled rice rate, length-width and length-width ratio of milled rice, gelatinization temperature and amylose content, but there were significant differences in head rice rate, gel consistency, protein content and chalky rice rate. The chalky rice rate of T₁ was 4.5% lower, and the head rice rate of T₁ was 5.5% higher than that of T₂, which both reached a very significant level. Therefore, In order to obtain high yield and high quality of rice under cowpea-rice rotation, it is necessary to formulate a plan of reasonable cultivation techniques, improve tillage techniques, balance the residual fertility of fore-rotating crop, and apply fertilizer rationally in current season of rice.

Key words: cowpea-rice rotation, growth inequality, rice quality

CLC Number:

S344.1

GU Xiao,WU Fugui,LIU Huifang,MA Qilin. Heterogeneity of Rice Growth in the Mode of Cowpea-rice Rotation[J]. Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, 2019, 40(7): 1259-1264.

Figures/Tables 5

References 29

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处理 Treatment	株高 Plant height/cm	主茎粗 Main stem thick/mm	分蘖数 Tillering number	倒三叶面积 Area of converse third leaf/cm²	地上部干重 Shoot weight/g	根长 Root length/cm	根干重 Root weight/g
T₁	95.7±1.7^A	9.5±0.2^Aa	37.7±3.4^a	58.0±9.1^Aa	60.29±6.97^A	20.7±2.3^a	5.95±1.34^a
T₂ CK	68.1±3.7^C 85.4±2.6^B	8.5±0.3^Bc 9.1±0.2^Ab	23.3±3.4^c 31.5±3.4^b	28.5±4.4^Bb 33.7±3.3^Bb	19.92±2.36^C 47.80±1.74^B	21.2±1.7^a 22.5±1.4^a	3.72±1.51^b 6.52±1.35^a

处理 Treatment	株高 Plant height/cm	主茎粗 Main stem thick/mm	分蘖数 Tillering number	倒三叶面积 Area of converse third leaf/cm²	地上部干重 Shoot weight/g	根长 Root length/cm	根干重 Root weight/g
T₁	95.7±1.7^A	9.5±0.2^Aa	37.7±3.4^a	58.0±9.1^Aa	60.29±6.97^A	20.7±2.3^a	5.95±1.34^a
T₂ CK	68.1±3.7^C 85.4±2.6^B	8.5±0.3^Bc 9.1±0.2^Ab	23.3±3.4^c 31.5±3.4^b	28.5±4.4^Bb 33.7±3.3^Bb	19.92±2.36^C 47.80±1.74^B	21.2±1.7^a 22.5±1.4^a	3.72±1.51^b 6.52±1.35^a

处理 Treatment	分蘖期 Tillering stage			成熟期 Maturation stage
处理 Treatment	根Root	茎Shoot	叶Leaf	茎Shoot	叶Leaf
T₁	0.89±0.14^Aa	0.75±0.14^Aa	2.36±0.02^A	0.21±0.08^a	0.71±0.06^a
T₂	0.41±0.06^Bb	0.16±0.01^Bb	1.37±0.09^C	0.19±0.02^a	0.61±0.02^a
CK	0.83±0.09^Aa	0.68±0.07^Aa	1.99±0.09^B	0.18±0.05^a	0.67±0.06^a

处理 Treatment	分蘖期 Tillering stage			成熟期 Maturation stage
处理 Treatment	根Root	茎Shoot	叶Leaf	茎Shoot	叶Leaf
T₁	0.89±0.14^Aa	0.75±0.14^Aa	2.36±0.02^A	0.21±0.08^a	0.71±0.06^a
T₂	0.41±0.06^Bb	0.16±0.01^Bb	1.37±0.09^C	0.19±0.02^a	0.61±0.02^a
CK	0.83±0.09^Aa	0.68±0.07^Aa	1.99±0.09^B	0.18±0.05^a	0.67±0.06^a

处理 Treatment	株高 Plant height/cm	穗数 Panicle number	穗长 Panicle length/cm	穗粒数 Grain number	结实率 Seed setting rate/%	千粒重 1000 grain weight/g	理论产量Theoretical yield/(t?hm^-2)
T₁	111.4±3.9^Aa	20.5±2.4^Aa	25.5±0.7^a	102.8±10.3^b	82.1±1.0^B	27.27±0.11^a	11.81±1.12^Aa
T₂	98.2±1.4^Bb	12.5±1.3^Bb	22.9±0.8^b	94.0±17.7^b	75.1±1.1^C	26.08±0.90^b	5.72±0.88^Bb
CK	99.6±1.3^Ab	15.0±1.8^Bb	23.8±1.5^b	126.9±15.5^a	85.2±1.1^A	27.95±0.53^a	11.29±1.39^Aa