Extraction of Karanjin from Pongamia pinnata and Its Insecticidal Activity Against Bactrocera dorsalis

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2022.12.013

Abstract

Abstract:

Bactrocera dorsalis is a destructive pest, which can harm more than 200 fruits. At present, prevention and control measures of B. dorsalis are toxic, environmentally unfriendly, or costly. In this study, Pongamia pinnata pod, which is cheap and easily available, was as the raw material, and ultrasonic-assisted extraction was performed to extract karanjin from its powder. Effect of ethanol concentration, material ratios of ethyl acetate, petroleum ether, n-hexane and ethanol on extraction rate of karanjin were compared by single factor experiments to obtain the optimal solvent and material/solvent ratio. Egg hatching inhibition activity of EPP against B. dorsalis and its gastric toxicity on 1st instar larvae of B. dorsalis was measured by the immersion method and leaf disc method, respectively. The optimal concentration of ethanol was 60%, and the best material-liquid ratios of ethyl acetate, petroleum ether, n-hexane and 60% ethanol was 1∶30, 1∶20, 1∶30 and 1∶25, respectively, with the extraction rates 0.48%, 0.31%, 0.37% and 0.44%, respectively, suggesting that the optimal solvent is ethyl acetate with material-liquid ratio 1∶30. The results of insecticidal activity showed that 2% EPP had the strongest egg hatching inhibition activity on B. dorsalis with corrected inhibition rate 58.53%, and 6% EPP the second, with corrected hatching inhibition rate was 46.46%; 4% EPP had the best gastric toxicity against 1st instar larvae of B. dorsalis, with 24 hours corrected mortality 54.05%, and 48 hours corrected mortality 95.94%. Extraction rate of karanjin from the pod powder of P. pinnata was the highest when the solvent was ethyl acetate, and solid-liquid ratio was 1∶30, with the extraction rate 0.48%. EPP had an egg hatching inhibition activity against B. dorsalis and gastric toxicity activity on its 1st instar larvae, so it is expected to be developed as a plant-derived pesticide against B. dorsalis.

Key words: Pongamia pinnata, karanjin, extraction, Bactrocera dorsalis, egg hatching inhibition activity, gastric toxicity

CLC Number:

S482.3

REN Junhua, ZHAO Yongliang, WANG Hui, LI Jiuhui, ZHAO Chunjie, LU Shaopeng, XIONG Yan, WU Suran. Extraction of Karanjin from Pongamia pinnata and Its Insecticidal Activity Against Bactrocera dorsalis[J]. Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, 2022, 43(12): 2507-2514.

Figures/Tables 9

Tab. 1 Elution program of mobile phase gradient of karanjin

时间 Time/min	乙腈 Acetonitrile/%	超纯水 Ultrapure water/%
0	60	40
10	70	30
15	95	5

Fig. 1 Effect of ethanol concentration on extraction rate of karanjin from P. pinnata Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference (P<0.05).

Fig. 2 Effect of solid-liquid ratio of ethanol 60% on extraction rate of karanjin from P. pinnata Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference (P<0.05).

Fig. 3 Effect of solid-liquid ratio of petroleum ether on extraction rate of karanjin from P. pinnata Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference (P<0.05).

Fig. 4 Effect of ethyl acetate material liquid ratio on extraction rate of karanjin from P. pinnata Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference (P<0.05).

Fig. 5 Effect of n-Hexane material liquid ratio on the extraction rate of karanjin from P. pinnata Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference (P<0.05).

Fig. 6 Comparison of different solvents on extraction of karanjin from P. pinnata Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference (P<0.05).

Fig. 7 Effect of different concentrations of extract of P. pinnata on its egg hatching inhibition activity against B. dorsalis Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference (P<0.05).

Fig. 8 Effect of different concentrations of extract of P. pinnata on its gastric toxicity against 1st instar B. dorsalis Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference (P<0.05).

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