Changes of Agronomic Traits, Yield and Soil Nutrient of Red Soil in Southern China under Different Nitrogen Application Rates

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2020.06.002

Abstract

Abstract:

To explore the changes of agronomic traits, yield and soil nutrient of peanut under different nitrogen application rates in dryland of red soil in southern China, a randomized block experiment was conducted in the field. Using high-nitrogen fertilizer as the material, eight treatments including no nitrogen fertilizer (N₀), 200% nitrogen application rate (N_200%), 150% nitrogen application rate (N_150%), 100% nitrogen application rate (N_100%), 80% nitrogen application rate (N_80%), 60% nitrogen application rate (N_60%), 40% nitrogen application rate (N_40%) and 20% nitrogen application rate (N_20%) were set. The results showed that compared with N₀, the application of nitrogen fertilizer could increase the yield of peanut pods, and the yield increase of peanut pods was 12.94%-24.62%. Pods yield, pods weight per plant and plump rate of peanut increased with the increase of nitrogen application rate. Branch number per plant and 100-kernel weight did not change significantly with nitrogen application rates. Plant height and 100-pod weight were the best in N_80%. The soil alkaline nitrogen increased with the increase of nitrogen application rate. Correlation analysis showed that there was a significant positive correlation between pods yield of peanuts and plump rate, organic matter, alkaline nitrogen. There was a significant positive correlation between soil alkaline nitrogen and plump rate, organic matter, but a significant negative correlation with pH. Principal component analysis showed that the first principal component trait, the yield factor, such as fruit yield, pods weight per plant and fruit weight had an important effect on peanut growth. Path analysis showed that the path-coefficient of 100-pod weight and plump rate was large, and the two traits should be emphasized in increasing the yield of peanut fruit. In summary, pod yield, plant height, pods weight per plant, 100-pod weight and 100-kernel weight of N_80% were the best in peanut yield, agronomic traits and cost.

Key words: nitrogen fertilizer, peanut, agronomic traits, pods yield, soil nutrient

CLC Number:

S145.3

LIN Xiaobing,ZHOU Lijun,HUANG Shangshu,ZHONG Yijun,CHENG Yanhong,ZHANG Kun,SUN Yongming,WU Lin. Changes of Agronomic Traits, Yield and Soil Nutrient of Red Soil in Southern China under Different Nitrogen Application Rates[J]. Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, 2020, 41(6): 1076-1083.

Figures/Tables 6

References 29

[1]	刘毅, 伍先明, 方先兰, 等. 江西花生低产原因分析及高产栽培技术对策[J]. 江西农业学报, 2009,21(8):38-39, 43.
[2]	黄梅梅, 骆赞磊, 孙明珠. 江西省花生生产现状与发展对策[J]. 江西农业, 2013(2):15-16.
[3]	刘佳, 张杰, 秦文婧, 等. 施氮和接种根瘤菌对红壤旱地花生生长及氮素累积的影响[J]. 核农学报, 2016,30(12):2441-2450.
[4]	孙虎, 李尚霞, 王月福, 等. 施氮量对不同花生品种积累氮素来源和产量的影响[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2010,16(1):153-157.
[5]	司贤宗, 张翔, 毛家伟, 等. 施氮量对花生产质量及氮肥利用率的影响[J]. 中国农学通报, 2016,32(29):91-96.
[6]	Fujita K, Morita T, Nobuyasu H. Effect of pod removal on absorption and reduction of nitrate in soybean[J]. Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 1997,43(1):63-73. DOI URL
[7]	张翔, 张新友, 毛家伟, 等. 施氮水平对不同花生品种产量与品质的影响[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2011,17(6):1417-1423.
[8]	李向东, 万勇善, 于振文, 等. 花生叶片衰老过程中氮素代谢指标变化[J]. 植物生态学报, 2001(5):549-552.
[9]	李向东, 王晓云, 张高英, 等. 花生衰老的氮素调控[J]. 中国农业科学, 2000(5):30-35.
[10]	鲁清, 李少雄, 陈小平, 等. 我国南方产区花生育种现状、存在问题及育种建议[J]. 中国油料作物学报, 2017,39(4):556-566.
[11]	周录英, 李向东, 汤笑, 等. 氮、磷、钾肥配施对花生生理特性及产量、品质的影响[J]. 生态学报, 2008(6):2707-2714.
[12]	王才斌, 吴正锋, 刘俊华, 等. 不同供N水平对花生硝酸盐累积与分布的影响[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2007(5):915-919.
[13]	林国林, 赵坤, 蒋春姬, 等. 种植密度和施氮水平对花生根系生长及产量的影响[J]. 土壤通报, 2012,43(5):1183-1186.
[14]	郭峰, 万书波, 王才斌, 等. 麦套花生氮素代谢及相关酶活性变化研究[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2009,15(2):416-421. DOI URL
[15]	张智猛, 万书波, 戴良香, 等. 施氮水平对不同花生品种氮代谢及相关酶活性的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2011,44(2):280-290.
[16]	陈松, 冯镇泰. 一种高含氮复合微生物肥料及其制备方法: CN103193541A[P]. 2013-07-10.
[17]	王在序, 盖树人. 山东花生[M]. 上海: 上海科学技术出版社, 1999.
[18]	鲁如坤. 土壤农业化学分析方法[M]. 北京: 中国农业科技出版社, 2000.
[19]	徐新朋, 周卫, 梁国庆, 等. 氮肥用量和密度对双季稻产量及氮肥利用率的影响[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2015,21(3):763-772.
[20]	周录英, 李向东, 汤笑, 等. 氮、磷、钾肥不同用量对花生生理特性及产量品质的影响[J]. 应用生态学报, 2007, (11):2468-2474.
[21]	赵婷, 郑向丽, 徐国忠, 等. 施肥对花生营养生理特性的影响及其研究进展[J]. 福建农业学报, 2011,26(3):490-497.
[22]	张翔, 焦有, 孙春河, 等. 不同施肥结构对花生产量和品质的影响[J]. 土壤肥料, 2003(2):30-32.
[23]	黄循壮. 不同施氮水平对花生结瘤与供氮和产量的影响[J]. 华南农业大学学报, 1991(1):68-72.
[24]	万书波, 封海胜, 左学青, 等. 不同供氮水平花生的氮素利用效率[J]. 山东农业科学, 2000(1):31-33.
[25]	王晓林, 甄志高, 段莹. 运用灰色系统理论对花生农艺性状重要性的评价[J]. 中国农学通报, 2005(3):316-318.
[26]	彭春瑞, 陈先茂, 林洪鑫. 江西红壤旱地花生测土施氮参数研究[J]. 中国油料作物学报, 2012,34(3):280-285.
[27]	李林, 刘登望, 邹冬生, 等. 自然湿涝条件下花生种质主要性状与产量的相关性[J]. 中国油料作物学报, 2008(1):62-70.
[28]	李清华. 不同生境下花生农艺产量性状的因子分析[J]. 花生学报, 2009,38(3):36-40.
[29]	薛云云, 白冬梅, 田跃霞, 等. 24份山西花生资源农艺性状的相关性和主成分分析[J]. 山西农业科学, 2017,45(10):1587-1590, 1630.

处理 Treatment	高含氮肥料 High-nitrogen fertilizer/(kg·hm^-2)			添加化肥 Fertilizer added/(kg·hm^-2)		各处理肥料用量 Fertilizer application of different treatments/(kg·hm^-2)
处理 Treatment	N	P₂O₅	K₂O	磷肥 Phosphate Fertilizer (P₂O₅)	钾肥 Potash Fertilizer (K₂O)	N	P₂O₅	K₂O
N₀	0.00	0.00	0.00	375.00	300.00	0.00	375	300
N_200%	360.96	28.80	26.40	346.20	273.60	360.96	375	300
N_150%	270.72	21.60	19.80	353.40	280.20	270.72	375	300
N_100%	180.48	14.40	13.20	360.60	286.80	180.48	375	300
N_80%	144.38	11.52	10.56	363.48	289.44	144.38	375	300
N_60%	108.29	8.64	7.92	366.36	292.08	108.29	375	300
N_40%	72.19	5.76	5.28	369.24	294.72	72.19	375	300
N_20%	36.10	2.88	2.64	372.12	297.36	36.10	375	300

处理 Treatment	高含氮肥料 High-nitrogen fertilizer/(kg·hm^-2)			添加化肥 Fertilizer added/(kg·hm^-2)		各处理肥料用量 Fertilizer application of different treatments/(kg·hm^-2)
处理 Treatment	N	P₂O₅	K₂O	磷肥 Phosphate Fertilizer (P₂O₅)	钾肥 Potash Fertilizer (K₂O)	N	P₂O₅	K₂O
N₀	0.00	0.00	0.00	375.00	300.00	0.00	375	300
N_200%	360.96	28.80	26.40	346.20	273.60	360.96	375	300
N_150%	270.72	21.60	19.80	353.40	280.20	270.72	375	300
N_100%	180.48	14.40	13.20	360.60	286.80	180.48	375	300
N_80%	144.38	11.52	10.56	363.48	289.44	144.38	375	300
N_60%	108.29	8.64	7.92	366.36	292.08	108.29	375	300
N_40%	72.19	5.76	5.28	369.24	294.72	72.19	375	300
N_20%	36.10	2.88	2.64	372.12	297.36	36.10	375	300

因子 Factor	权重系数Weight factor
因子 Factor	主成分1 Principal component 1	主成分2 Principal component 2	主成分3 Principal component 3	主成分4 Principal component 4
荚果产量	0.439	0.167	0.584	0.000
分枝数	0.359	0.243	-0.371	0.430
株高	0.342	0.485	0.000	0.295
单株果重	0.493	0.104	-0.466	0.000
百果重	0.481	-0.325	0.262	0.000
百仁重	0.397	-0.348	0.000	-0.719
饱果率	0.112	0.711	0.000	-0.453
贡献率/%	44.22	30.64	11.63	8.97
累积贡献率/%	44.22	74.86	86.49	95.46

因子 Factor	权重系数Weight factor
因子 Factor	主成分1 Principal component 1	主成分2 Principal component 2	主成分3 Principal component 3	主成分4 Principal component 4
荚果产量	0.439	0.167	0.584	0.000
分枝数	0.359	0.243	-0.371	0.430
株高	0.342	0.485	0.000	0.295
单株果重	0.493	0.104	-0.466	0.000
百果重	0.481	-0.325	0.262	0.000
百仁重	0.397	-0.348	0.000	-0.719
饱果率	0.112	0.711	0.000	-0.453
贡献率/%	44.22	30.64	11.63	8.97
累积贡献率/%	44.22	74.86	86.49	95.46

性状 Traits	直接作用 Direct effect	分枝数 Branches per plant	株高 Plant height	单株果重 Pods weight per plant	百果重 100-pod weight	百仁重 100-kenel weight	饱果率 Plump rate
分枝数	-0.03		0.02	-0.18	0.16	-0.03	0.17
株高	0.11	-0.01		-0.02	0.25	-0.07	0.02
单株产量	0.25	-0.02	0.01		0.20	-0.07	0.02
百果重	0.57	-0.01	0.05	-0.09		-0.14	-0.12
百仁重	0.26	-0.01	0.03	-0.09	0.29		-0.01
饱果率	0.55	-0.01	0.01	-0.05	-0.13	0.01