Effects of Precipitation Pattern Change on the Growth Carbon and Nitrogen Metabolism of Alpinia oxyphylla During Dry Season

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2022.12.022

Abstract

Abstract:

Alpinia oxyphylla is one of the four southern medicines in China, and its cultivation under rubber forest has become the most important agroforestry mode in rubber plantation. The study previously found that insufficient precipitation is the main limiting factor for the growth and photosynthesis of A. oxyphylla during the dry season. However, our knowledge is still limited in understanding the response of A. oxyphylla to precipitation pattern change during the dry season. Three precipitation gradients including decreased precipitation (W-)10 mm/ month, natural precipitation (W) 25 mm/ month and increased precipitation (W+) 40 mm/ month, and set 5 days (5 d) and 10 days (10 d) of interval between precipitation were simulated in the study. The leaf water content in W- plant of 10 d was significantly increased by 3.63% compared with 5 d. In addition, we analyzed plant growth parameters, carbohydrate and N compound levels and the activity of key enzymes related to C and N metabolism through two factors experiment of precipitation and precipitation interval. The aboveground biomass and underground biomass of A. oxyphylla decreased with the decrease of precipitation. The total biomass of 5 d was significantly higher than that of 10 d at all precipitation levels (P<0.05). The plant growth was further inhibited by precipitation and extended precipitation interval. The decreased precipitation changed the activity of carbon metabolism enzymes, inhibited the AMY and INV activity, and promoted the SPS activity. However, this promoting effect became trivial with extended precipitation interval. The accumulation of non-structural carbohydrates (soluble sugar and starch) was promoted by decreased precipitation and activity change of C metabolic enzymes. The decreased precipitation lowered the total N content of A. oxyphylla leaves, and the total N content of W+ and W- in 5 d was significantly increased by 8.33% and 9.81% compared with that of 10 d. The N metabolic components changed in plant leaves with decreased precipitation. Meanwhile, the GS/GOGAT, NR and NiR activity increased with the decreased precipitation, which accelerated nitrate nitrogen (NO₃^-) reduction and ammonium (NH₄⁺) assimilation. The NO₃^- and NH₄⁺ in W plant in 5 d were significantly decreased by 57.54% and 152.98 compared with that of 10 d. Therefore, the change of precipitation pattern could affect the change of biomass carbon and nitrogen compounds and metabolic enzymes of the plant during the dry season. In summary, drought stress was adapted to ensure normal growth of A. oxyphylla through biomass allocation and C and N metabolism regulation.

Key words: carbohydrate, ammonium assimilation, ammonium assimilation, Alpinia oxyphylla, precipitation patterns

CLC Number:

S567.5

HU Wen, ZHOU Xiaohui, LI Qinfen, CHENG Hanting. Effects of Precipitation Pattern Change on the Growth Carbon and Nitrogen Metabolism of Alpinia oxyphylla During Dry Season[J]. Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, 2022, 43(12): 2597-2605.

Figures/Tables 6

References 30

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处理 Treatment		地上生物量 Ground biomass/g	根系生物量 Underground biomass/g	根/冠比 Root/shoot	总生物量 Total biomass/g	叶片相对含水量 Leaf relative water content/%
5 d	W+	5.05±0.64^a	2.15±0.34^a	0.42±0.01^c	7.20±0.98^a	91.84±1.03^a
	W	4.45±0.79^a	2.10±0.36^a	0.48±0.06^c	6.55±1.10^a	89.67±0.41^ab
	W-	3.25±0.21^b	1.51±0.05^b	0.47±0.02^c	4.75±0.27^b	82.03±2.04^d
10 d	W+	1.86±0.24^c	1.00±0.04^c	0.54±0.05^c	2.86±0.27^c	89.75±0.92^a
	W	1.48±0.12^c	1.08±0.05^bc	0.73±0.04^b	2.57±0.16^c	87.14±1.53^bc
	W-	1.20±0.06^c	1.14±0.19^bc	0.96±0.20^a	2.34±0.13^c	85.00±1.10^c
P		11.97 (0.001)	0.82 (0.099)	10.14 (0.003)	8.66 (0.005)	50.66 (0)
T		174.77 (0)	66.56 (0)	47.64 (0)	145.25 (0)	0.83 (0.382)
P×T		2.85 (0.097)	5.55 (0.020)	6.89 (0.010)	3.98 (0.047)	8.61 (0.005)

处理 Treatment		地上生物量 Ground biomass/g	根系生物量 Underground biomass/g	根/冠比 Root/shoot	总生物量 Total biomass/g	叶片相对含水量 Leaf relative water content/%
5 d	W+	5.05±0.64^a	2.15±0.34^a	0.42±0.01^c	7.20±0.98^a	91.84±1.03^a
	W	4.45±0.79^a	2.10±0.36^a	0.48±0.06^c	6.55±1.10^a	89.67±0.41^ab
	W-	3.25±0.21^b	1.51±0.05^b	0.47±0.02^c	4.75±0.27^b	82.03±2.04^d
10 d	W+	1.86±0.24^c	1.00±0.04^c	0.54±0.05^c	2.86±0.27^c	89.75±0.92^a
	W	1.48±0.12^c	1.08±0.05^bc	0.73±0.04^b	2.57±0.16^c	87.14±1.53^bc
	W-	1.20±0.06^c	1.14±0.19^bc	0.96±0.20^a	2.34±0.13^c	85.00±1.10^c
P		11.97 (0.001)	0.82 (0.099)	10.14 (0.003)	8.66 (0.005)	50.66 (0)
T		174.77 (0)	66.56 (0)	47.64 (0)	145.25 (0)	0.83 (0.382)
P×T		2.85 (0.097)	5.55 (0.020)	6.89 (0.010)	3.98 (0.047)	8.61 (0.005)

处理 Treatment		可溶性糖含量 Soluble sugar content	淀粉含量 Starch content	非结构碳水化物 Unstructured carbohydrates	可溶性糖/淀粉 soluble sugar/starch
5 d	W+	10.50±0.86^d	2.11±0.31^a	12.60±0.60^c	5.10±1.15^c
	W	12.12±0.26^bc	1.52±0.09^b	13.65±0.31^bc	7.99±0.44^b
	W-	13.80±1.03^a	1.26±0.08^b	15.06±1.03^a	10.98±1.09^a
10 d	W+	11.56±0.44^cd	1.30±0.02^b	12.87±0.45^bc	8.86±0.32^b
	W	12.58±0.12^ab	1.37±0.03^b	13.95±0.14^ab	9.20±0.14^b
	W-	13.38±0.68^ab	1.47±0.03^b	14.85±0.66^a	9.10±0.60^b
P		23.21 (0)	10.24 (0.003)	20.37 (0)	26.45 (0)
T		1.44 (0.254)	14.86 (0.002)	0.18 (0.680)	8.97 (0.011)
P×T		1.97 (0.182)	21.39 (0)	0.33 (0.723)	22.46 (0)

处理 Treatment		可溶性糖含量 Soluble sugar content	淀粉含量 Starch content	非结构碳水化物 Unstructured carbohydrates	可溶性糖/淀粉 soluble sugar/starch
5 d	W+	10.50±0.86^d	2.11±0.31^a	12.60±0.60^c	5.10±1.15^c
	W	12.12±0.26^bc	1.52±0.09^b	13.65±0.31^bc	7.99±0.44^b
	W-	13.80±1.03^a	1.26±0.08^b	15.06±1.03^a	10.98±1.09^a
10 d	W+	11.56±0.44^cd	1.30±0.02^b	12.87±0.45^bc	8.86±0.32^b
	W	12.58±0.12^ab	1.37±0.03^b	13.95±0.14^ab	9.20±0.14^b
	W-	13.38±0.68^ab	1.47±0.03^b	14.85±0.66^a	9.10±0.60^b
P		23.21 (0)	10.24 (0.003)	20.37 (0)	26.45 (0)
T		1.44 (0.254)	14.86 (0.002)	0.18 (0.680)	8.97 (0.011)
P×T		1.97 (0.182)	21.39 (0)	0.33 (0.723)	22.46 (0)

处理 Treatment		硝态氮含量 Nitrate nitrogen content/(mg·g^-1)	亚硝酸盐含量 Nitrite content /(mg·g^-1)	铵态氮含量 Ammonium nitrogen content/(mg·g^-1)	亚硝酸还原酶NiR /(μmol·h^-1·mg^-1)	硝酸还原酶NR /(μmol·h^-1·mg^-1)
5 d	W+	4.77±1.12^c	0.06±0.02^b	0.91±0.07^b	13.77±0.83^cd	0.83±0.03^c
	W	4.85±0.38^c	0.08±0.01^ab	0.74±0.13^b	15.85±0.34^ab	0.88±0.02^b
	W-	8.61±1.93^a	0.09±0.03^ab	1.78±0.03^a	16.93±1.21^a	0.90±0.01^ab
10 d	W+	6.23±1.35^bc	0.08±0.01^ab	0.81±0.23^b	13.51±0.44^d	0.83±0.03^c
	W	7.64±0.48^ab	0.07±0.01^b	1.88±0.47^a	14.91±0.29^bc	0.89±0.00^ab
	W-	9.33±0.90^a	0.10±0.02^a	2.25±0.53^a	16.27±0.64^ab	0.93±0.01^a
P		15.05 (0.001)	4.56 (0.034)	20.91 (0)	26.97 (0)	26.32 (0)
T		9.24 (0.010)	1.62 (0.227)	11.88 (0.005)	3.54 (0.084)	1.78 (0.207)
P×T		1.25 (0.323)	1.68 (0.227)	5.84 (0.017)	0.35 (0.712)	0.34 (0.716)