Effect of Selenium on Growth, Flowering and Activities of Antioxidant Enzymes of Arachis hypogaea Seedlings under Hydroponic Conditions

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2022.12.011

Abstract

Abstract:

Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element for human and animals. Selenium deficiency in soil environment can lead to many diseases in the animals such as white muscle disease and Keshan disease. Increasing the selenium content of plants, especially crops, by applying selenium fertilizer is regarded as one of the effective measures to prevent selenium deficiency diseases. Arachis hypogaea is one of the most important oil crops in China and even in the world. In order to lay an experimental foundation and provide the possibility for improving peanut yield and its selenium content by applying selenium fertilizer to oil crop A. hypogaea in agricultural production in the future, the effects of different concentrations of selenium (Se) on growth and flowering and activities of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) and MDA content in A. hypogaea seedlings were investigated in hydroponic solution culture. The results showed that Se concentration less than or equal to 0.5 mg/L stimulated the growth of peanut seedlings, the best growth was obtained at 0.1 mg/L Se. Se concentration less than 1 mg/L was shown to enhance the flowering of peanut seedlings, the highest flowering frequency was 27 per plant, which was 90% higher than that of the control. When added more than 1 mg/L Se in the medium, the growth was gradually inhibited, the root was thicker and shorter, its tips became browner and the stems became shorter and redder and the number of flowers of seedlings was significantly decreased with the increasing Se concentration. No flower was even observed at 5.0 mg/L, the highest concentration of Se in the solution. Compared to the control, lower concentration of Se (≤1.0 mg/L) enhanced POD and SOD activities but decreased the MDA content of peanut seedlings; Higher concentrations above 3 mg/L Se could only enhance POD and SOD activities in A. hypogaea seedlings at 5 days of culture, with prolonged time, the activities of SOD and POD in A. hypogaea seedlings gradually decreased while its MDA content increased. This has would lay an experimental and technical foundation for enhancing Se content and yield of peanut through application of Se fertilizations.

Key words: Arachis hypogaea, selenium, growth, flowering, SOD, POD

CLC Number:

S565.2

SHI Heping, ZHANG Xiaoyuan, XU Sheng. Effect of Selenium on Growth, Flowering and Activities of Antioxidant Enzymes of Arachis hypogaea Seedlings under Hydroponic Conditions[J]. Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, 2022, 43(12): 2489-2495.

Figures/Tables 5

Fig. 1 Effect of selenium concentrations on growth and flowering of A. hypogaea seedlings A: CK; B: 0.05 mg/L Se; C: 0.1 mg/L Se; D: 0.5 mg/L Se; E: 1.0 mg/L Se; F: 3.0 mg/L Se; G: Roots with 5.0 mg/L Se; H: Stems with 5.0 mg/L Se.

Fig. 2 Plant height, biomass and flower numbers of A. hypogaea seedlings cultured with different Se concentrations A: Stem height; B: Root length; C: Fresh weight of plants; D: Dry weight of plants; E: Average flower numbers per plants.

Fig. 3 SOD activity in A. hypogaea seedlings cultured with different Se concentrations.

Fig. 4 Activity of POD in A. hypogaea seedlings with different concentrations of Se

Fig. 5 MDA content in A. hypogaea seedlings cultured with different Se concentration.

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