Analysis of Aroma Substances in Black Pepper by Three Different Extraction Methods by GC-MS

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2022.05.020

Abstract

Abstract:

The study was aimed to explore the effects of different extraction methods on the volatile components of black pepper. Using black pepper as the material, headspace solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME), pentane:diethyl ether (1:1) solvent extraction and MTBE solvent extraction were used to extract the aroma components in black pepper, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry combined with principal component analysis (PCA) was used to analyze the extracted aroma substances. A total of 33 substances in 6 categories (alkenes, alcohols, phenols, hydrocarbons, olefins, and olefin oxides) were obtained under the three extraction methods. 25, 23, 27 volatile compounds were respectively detected in the pentane:diethyl ether (1:1) solvent extraction method, MTBE solvent extraction method and headspace solid phase microextraction method. The compounds with relatively high content of volatile compounds obtained by the three extraction methods were 3-carene, limonene, β-caryophyllene, and β-pinene. α-terpinene, α-terpineol, β-farnesene were only detected in the pentane:diethyl ether (1:1) solvent extraction method. Camphor, 4-terpene alcohol, 2-(4-methylphenyl) propan-2-ol, and nerol, alloaromadendrene, β-Bisabolene and guaiazulene were only found in HS-SPME. Combined with principal component analysis (PCA), β-pinene, 3-carene, limonene, and β-caryophyllene contributed significantly to the aroma and flavor of black pepper. Among them, the composition of HS-SPME and the two solvent extraction methods were significantly different. In the solvent extraction methods, the pentane:diethyl ether (1:1) solvent extraction method was better than the MTBE solvent extraction method, and there were differences in the types and quantities of substances obtained by the solvent extraction method and the headspace solid phase microextraction method. In the detection of pepper aroma substances, the combination of the two methods could ensure the richness and comprehensiveness of the obtained compounds to a greater extent.

Key words: black pepper, solvent extraction, headspace solid phase microextraction, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

CLC Number:

S573.9

WANG Jue, ZHONG Yiming, SUN Yeqiao, HU Lisong, WU Baoduo, HAO Chaoyun, FAN Rui. Analysis of Aroma Substances in Black Pepper by Three Different Extraction Methods by GC-MS[J]. Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, 2022, 43(5): 1055-1063.

Figures/Tables 6

References 27

[1]	邬华松, 杨建峰, 林丽云. 中国胡椒研究综述[J]. 中国农业科学, 2009, 42(7): 2469-2480.
	WU H S, YANG J F, LIN L Y. A summary of pepper research in China[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2009, 42(7): 2469-2480. (in Chinese)
[2]	胡丽松. “香料之王”胡椒[J]. 生命世界, 2020(8): 24-25.
	HU L S. “King of Spices” pepper[J]. Life World, 2020(8): 24-25. (in Chinese)
[3]	姜太玲, 沈绍斌, 张林辉, 刘倩, 宋记明, 李月仙, 严炜, 周迎春, 段春芳, 熊贤坤, 易怀锋, 娄予强, 李林虹, 刘光华. 胡椒的化学成分生理功能及应用研究进展[J]. 农产品加工, 2018(2): 48-51.
	JIANG T L, SHEN S B, ZHANG L H, LIU Q, SONG J M, LI Y X, YAN W, ZHOU Y C, DUAN C F, XIONG X K, YI H F, LOU Y Q, LI L H, LIU G H. Research progress on chemical constituents, physiological function and application of pepper[J]. Farm Products Processing, 2018(2): 48-51. (in Chinese)
[4]	王波, 陈红兵, 韩巨才, 张宝俊, 刘慧平. 黑胡椒精油抑菌活性研究[J]. 山西农业大学学报(自然科学版), 2012, 32(2): 150-153.
	WANG B, CHEN H B, HAN J C, ZHANG B J, LIU H P. Study on inhibition activity of the essential oil in black pepper[J]. Journal of Shanxi Agricultural University (Natural Science Edition), 2012, 32(2): 150-153. (in Chinese)
[5]	李利华. 黑胡椒提取物的抗氧化活性研究[J]. 中国调味品, 2016, 41(9): 36-39.
	LI L H. Study on antioxidant activity of the extracts from bIack pepper[J]. China Condiment, 2016, 41(9): 36-39. (in Chinese)
[6]	王花俊, 齐海英, 张峻松. 黑胡椒精油挥发性成分分析[J]. 中国调味品, 2017, 42(12): 138-140.
	WANG H J, QI H Y, ZHANG J S. Analysis of volatile components in black pepper essential oil[J]. China Condiment, 2017, 42(12): 138-140. (in Chinese)
[7]	郭云霞, 李娜, 程伟, 薛锡佳, 陈雪玲. 液液萃取与顶空固相微萃取结合气相色谱-质谱法分析金种子馥合香白酒香气成分的比较[J]. 食品安全质量检测学报, 2021, 12(23): 9056-9061.
	GUO Y X, LI N, CHENG W, XUE X J, CHEN X L. Comparison of volatile aroma components of Jinzhongzi Fuhe-xiang Baijiu by liquid-liquid extraction and headspace solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry[J]. Journal of Food Safety & Quality, 2021, 12(23): 9056-9061. (in Chinese)
[8]	FADHLINA A, ISLAM SARKER M Z, AHMED Q U, JAFFRI J M, FERDOSHET S. Enrichment of antibacterial compound from the stem bark of Stereospermum fimbriatum using supercritical carbon dioxide extraction[J]. Separation Science and Technology, 2019, 55(4):1-11 DOI URL
[9]	李蔚, 祝霞, 杨学山, 陈霞, 周继亘, 赵婉珍, 韩舜愈. 三种萃取方法对模拟葡萄酒中单萜类化合物GC-MS分析的影响[J]. 甘肃农业大学学报, 2018, 53(2): 148-154.
	LI W, ZHU X, YANG X S, CHEN X, ZHOU J G, ZHAO W Z, HAN S Y. Effects of three extraction methods on GC-MS analysis of monoterpenoids on simulated wines[J]. Journal of Gansu Agricultural University, 2018, 53(2): 148-154. (in Chinese)
[10]	张凤兰, 贾利霞, 杨忠仁, 郝丽珍, 黄修梅, 张晓艳. 沙芥果实精油提取工艺优化及GC-MS分析[J]. 食品研究与开发, 2021, 42(15): 40-46.
	ZHANG F L, JIA L X, YANG Z R, HAO L Z, HUANG X M, ZHANG X Y. Optimization of extraction technology and GC-MS analysis of essential oil from Pugionium cornutum[J]. Food Research and Development, 2021, 42(15): 40-46. (in Chinese)
[11]	柳中, 阚建全, 李银聪, 王玲. 不同方法提取的海南黑、白胡椒香气物质GC-MS比较分析[J]. 食品工业科技, 2012, 33(2): 175-179.
	LIU Z, KAN J Q, LI Y C, WANG L. Different extraction methods of black and white pepper aroma comparative analysis of GC-MS[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2012, 33(2): 175-179. (in Chinese)
[12]	侯冬岩, 回瑞华, 李铁纯, 朱永强, 刘晓媛, 杨阳. 黑胡椒根萜类化合物的分析[J]. 分析试验室, 2004(9): 19-21.
	HOU D Y, HUI R H, LI T C, ZHU Y Q, LIU X Y, YANG Y. Studies on terpene constituents of black P. nigrum L. roots[J]. Chinese Journal of Analysis Laboratory, 2004(9): 19-21. (in Chinese)
[13]	WU Q, ZHU W A, WANG W, XU Y. Effect of yeast species on the terpenoids profile of Chinese light-style liquor[J]. Food Chemistry, 2015, 168: 390-395. DOI URL
[14]	朱丽云, 张春苗, 高永生, 宋林珍, 陈玮, 泮莞坤, Wang Sunan, 李素芳. 抗癌活性植物精油的主要功效成分及作用机制研究进展[J]. 中草药, 2017, 48(6): 1229-1239.
	ZHU L Y, ZHANG C M, GAO Y S, SONG L Z, CHEN W, PAN W K, WANG S N, LI S F. Advance in main functional ingredients and mechanism of anticancer plant essential oils[J]. Chinese Traditional and Herbal Drugs, 2017, 48(6): 1229-1239. (in Chinese)
[15]	SURBURG H, PANTEN J. Common fragrance and flavor materials: Preparation, properties and uses[M]. New York: John Wiley & Sons Inc, 2006.
[16]	WOO J, YANG H, YOON M, GADHE C G, PAE A N, CHO S, LEE C J. 3-Carene, a phytoncide from pine tree has a sleep-enhancing effect by targeting the GABAA-benzodiazepine receptors[J]. Experimental Neurobiology, 2019, 28(5): 593-601. DOI URL
[17]	张季林, 魏惠珍, 张洁. β-石竹烯生物学功能的研究进展[J]. 山东医药, 2018, 58(38): 110-112.
	ZHANG J L, WEI H Z, ZHANG J. Research progress on the biological functions of β-caryophyllene[J]. Shandong Medical Journal, 2018, 58(38): 110-112. (in Chinese)
[18]	杜丽君, 牛先前, 林晓红, 郑国华. 水蒸气蒸馏法与超临界CO₂萃取法结合气相色谱-质谱分析胡椒木精油成分[J]. 分析测试学报, 2019, 38(1): 86-91.
	DU L J, NIU X Q, LIN X H, ZHEN G H. Analysis of compositions of essential oil in zanthoxylum piperitum by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry with steam distillation and supercritical CO₂ extraction[J]. Journal of Instrumental Analysis, 2019, 38(1): 86-91. (in Chinese)
[19]	侯冬岩, 回瑞华, 李铁纯, 朱永强, 刘晓嫒, 杨阳. 黑胡椒萜类化合物的GC/MS分析[J]. 质谱学报, 2003, 24(z1): 39-40.
	HOU D Y, HUI R H, LI T C, ZHU Y Q, LIU X Y, YANG Y. Studies on terpene constituents of wild black P. nigrum L.[J]. Journal of Chinese Mass Spectrometry Society, 2003, 24(z1): 39-40. (in Chinese)
[20]	李祖光, 高云芳, 刘文涵. 黑胡椒风味成分的研究[J]. 食品科学, 2003(10): 128-131.
	LI Z G, GAO Y F, LIU W H. Study on aroma compounds of the black piper[J]. Food Science, 2003(10): 128-131. (in Chinese)
[21]	何丽芝, 王婧, 赵振东, 陈玉湘, 古研. 3-蒈烯资源及其生物活性应用研究进展[J]. 林产化学与工业, 2011, 31(3): 122-126.
	HE L Z, WANG J, ZHAO Z D, CHEN Y X, GU Y. Research progress on resources and bioactivity applications of 3-carene[J]. Chemistry and Industry of Forest Products, 2011, 31(3): 122-126. (in Chinese)
[22]	刘晓宇, 陈旭冰, 陈光勇. β-石竹烯及其衍生物的生物活性与合成研究进展[J]. 林产化学与工业, 2012, 32(1): 104-110.
	LIU X Y, CHEN X B, CHEN G Y. Research progress in bioactivity and synthesis of β-caryophyllene and its derivatives[J]. Chemistry and Industty of Forest Products, 2012, 32(1): 104-110. (in Chinese)
[23]	洪英华, 谷风林, 蔡莹莹, 徐飞, 房一明. 香草兰豆荚发酵过程中挥发性成分的变化[J]. 食品工业科技, 2018, 39(24): 253-259.
	HONG Y H, GU F L, CAI Y Y, XU F, FANG Y M. Changes of volatile compounds in vanilla beans during curing process[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2018, 39(24): 253-259. (in Chinese)
[24]	侯敏, 李华, 王华. 3种萃取溶剂对赤霞珠葡萄酒香气成分GC-MS分析的影响[J]. 西北农业学报, 2011, 20(10): 90-96.
	HOU M, LI H, WANG H. Effects of three solvents on analysis of aroma components in dry wine of Cabernet Sauvignon by GC-MS[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica, 2011, 20(10): 90-96. (in Chinese)
[25]	黄传喜, 黄兰, 葛少林, 佘世科, 张朝, 尚静静. 再造烟叶碎片原料中主要中性香味物质分析[J]. 香料香精化妆品, 2017(1): 21-25, 45.
	HUANG C X, HUANG L, GE S L, SHE S K, ZHANG Z, SHANG J J. Analysis of main neutral aroma components in reconstituted tobacco scraps[J]. Flavour Fragrance Cosmetics, 2017(1): 21-25, 45. (in Chinese)
[26]	黄菲菲, 吴桂苹, 李恒, 房一明, 朱红英, 谷风林. 四种方式制备的黑胡椒风味成分分析[J]. 食品工业科技, 2017, 38(9): 261-267.
	HUANG F F, WU G P, LI H, FANG Y M, ZHU H Y, GU F L. Analysis of the flavors components of black pepper prepared from four methods[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2017, 38(9): 261-267. (in Chinese)
[27]	区敏港, 彭新宇, 唐兴刚, 魏光伟, 孙俊颖, 郭世宁. 黑胡椒、快乐鼠尾草与生姜精油的化学成分及其对产气荚膜梭菌的抑制活性[J]. 畜牧与兽医, 2012, 44(03): 62-65.
	OU M G, PENG X Y, TANG X G, WEI G W, SUN J Y, GUO S N. The chemical constituents of the essential oils of black pepper, clary sage and ginger and their inhibitory activity against clostridium perfringens[J]. Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, 2012, 44(3): 62-65. (in Chinese)

序号 No.		CAS号 CAS		中文名称 Chinese name		英文名称 English name	结构式 Structural translation	相对含量Relative content/%
序号 No.		CAS号 CAS		中文名称 Chinese name		英文名称 English name	结构式 Structural translation	顶空固相微萃取 HS-SPME	戊烷:乙醚（1:1）Pentane:Diethyl ether (1:1)		甲基叔丁基醚MTBE
1		7785-70-8		蒎烯		pinene	C₁₀H₁₆	3.19±0.00	6.87±0.00		6.33±0.00
2		79-92-5		莰烯		camphene	C₁₀H₁₆	-	0.08±0.00		0.07±0.00
3		127-91-3		β-蒎烯		β-pinene	C₁₀H₁₆	4.32±0.01	10.35±0.01		9.98±0.01
4		99-83-2		α-水芹烯		α-phellandrene	C₁₀H₁₆	-	7.47±0.00		6.71±0.01
5		13466-78-9		3-蒈烯		3-carene	C₁₀H₁₆	10.12±0.01	21.02±0.00		21.52±0.00
6		99-86-5		α-松油烯		α-terpinene	C₁₀H₁₆	-	0.03±0.01		-
7		527-84-4		邻伞花烃		cymene	C₁₀H₁₄	-	0.27±0.00		0.22±0.01
序号 No.	CAS号 CAS		中文名称 Chinese name		英文名称 English name		结构式 Structural translation	相对含量Relative content/%
序号 No.	CAS号 CAS		中文名称 Chinese name		英文名称 English name		结构式 Structural translation	顶空固相微萃取 HS-SPME		戊烷:乙醚（1:1） Pentane:Diethyl ether (1:1)	甲基叔丁基醚MTBE
8	5989-27-5		柠檬烯		limonene		C₁₀H₁₆	7.95±0.01		14.97±0.01	15.14±0.01
9	99-85-4		γ-松油烯		γ-terpinene		C₁₀H₁₆	0.32±0.01		0.13±0.00	0.11±0.01
10	586-62-9		萜品油烯		terpinolene		C₁₀H₁₆	1.56±0.01		0.20±0.01	0.19±0.00
11	78-70-6		芳樟醇		linalool		C₁₀H₁₈O	1.02±0.01		0.68±0.01	0.51±0.00
12	98-55-5		α-松油醇		α-terpineol		C₁₀H₁₈O	0.21±0.00		0.04±0.00	-
13	20307-84-0		δ-榄香烯		δ-elemene		C₁₅H₂₄	0.74±0.01		4.70±0.01	4.00±0.00
14	17699-14-8		α-荜澄茄油烯		α-cubebene		C₁₅H₂₄	1.47±0.01		0.05±0.01	0.04±0.00
15	3856-25-5		α-可巴烯		α-copaene		C₁₅H₂₄	5.91±0.00		1.70±0.00	1.68±0.01
16	515-13-9		β-榄香烯		β-elemene		C₁₅H₂₄	-		0.32±0.01	0.29±0.00
17	87-44-5		β-石竹烯		β-caryophyllene		C₁₅H₂₄	15.82±0.00		14.95±0.00	15.51±0.01
18	28973-97-9		β-金合欢烯		β-farnesene		C₁₅H₂₄	0.44±0.01		0.02±0.01	-
19	6753-98-6		α-律草烯		α-humulene		C₁₅H₂₄	4.10±0.01		0.68±0.00	0.61±0.00
20	23986-74-5		大根香叶烯D		germacrene D		C₁₅H₂₄	0.54±0.01		0.06±0.01	0.07±0.00
21	17066-67-0		β-芹子烯		β-selinene		C₁₅H₂₄	1.73±0.01		0.12±0.01	0.15±0.00
22	22567-17-5		γ-古芸烯		γ-gurjunene		C₁₅H₂₄	0.11±0.01		0.08±0.01	0.09±0.00
23	128-37-0		2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲基苯酚		2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol		C₁₅H₂₄O	-		0.03±0.01	0.11±0.01
24	483-76-1		δ-杜松烯		δ-cadinene		C₁₅H₂₄	2.25±0.01		0.38±0.00	0.37±0.01
25	1139-30-6		氧化石竹烯		caryophyllene oxide		C₁₅H₂₄O	0.09±0.00		0.13±0.00	0.14±0.00
26	464-48-2		樟脑		camphor		C₁₀H₁₆O	0.05±0.01		-	-
27	562-74-3		4-萜烯醇		terpinen-4-ol		C₁₀H₁₈O	0.10±0.01		-	-
28	1197-01-9		2-(4-甲基苯基)丙-2-醇		2-(4-methylphenyl) propan-2-ol		C₁₀H₁₄O	0.04±0.01		-	-
29	106-25-2		橙花醇		nerol		C₁₀H₁₈O	0.04±0.00		-	-
30	25246-27-9		香树烯		alloaromadendrene		C₁₅H₂₄	0.09±0.00		-	-
31	495-61-4		β-甜没药烯		β-bisabolene		C₁₅H₂₄	0.79±0.01		-	-
32	489-84-9		愈创兰油烃		guaiazulene		C₁₅H₁₈	0.05±0.01		-	-
33	24347-58-8		(R,R)-(-)-2,3-丁二醇		(R,R)-butane-2,3-diol		C₄H₁₀O₂	0.07±0.01		-	0.04±0.00

序号 No.		CAS号 CAS		中文名称 Chinese name		英文名称 English name	结构式 Structural translation	相对含量Relative content/%
序号 No.		CAS号 CAS		中文名称 Chinese name		英文名称 English name	结构式 Structural translation	顶空固相微萃取 HS-SPME	戊烷:乙醚（1:1）Pentane:Diethyl ether (1:1)		甲基叔丁基醚MTBE
1		7785-70-8		蒎烯		pinene	C₁₀H₁₆	3.19±0.00	6.87±0.00		6.33±0.00
2		79-92-5		莰烯		camphene	C₁₀H₁₆	-	0.08±0.00		0.07±0.00
3		127-91-3		β-蒎烯		β-pinene	C₁₀H₁₆	4.32±0.01	10.35±0.01		9.98±0.01
4		99-83-2		α-水芹烯		α-phellandrene	C₁₀H₁₆	-	7.47±0.00		6.71±0.01
5		13466-78-9		3-蒈烯		3-carene	C₁₀H₁₆	10.12±0.01	21.02±0.00		21.52±0.00
6		99-86-5		α-松油烯		α-terpinene	C₁₀H₁₆	-	0.03±0.01		-
7		527-84-4		邻伞花烃		cymene	C₁₀H₁₄	-	0.27±0.00		0.22±0.01
序号 No.	CAS号 CAS		中文名称 Chinese name		英文名称 English name		结构式 Structural translation	相对含量Relative content/%
序号 No.	CAS号 CAS		中文名称 Chinese name		英文名称 English name		结构式 Structural translation	顶空固相微萃取 HS-SPME		戊烷:乙醚（1:1） Pentane:Diethyl ether (1:1)	甲基叔丁基醚MTBE
8	5989-27-5		柠檬烯		limonene		C₁₀H₁₆	7.95±0.01		14.97±0.01	15.14±0.01
9	99-85-4		γ-松油烯		γ-terpinene		C₁₀H₁₆	0.32±0.01		0.13±0.00	0.11±0.01
10	586-62-9		萜品油烯		terpinolene		C₁₀H₁₆	1.56±0.01		0.20±0.01	0.19±0.00
11	78-70-6		芳樟醇		linalool		C₁₀H₁₈O	1.02±0.01		0.68±0.01	0.51±0.00
12	98-55-5		α-松油醇		α-terpineol		C₁₀H₁₈O	0.21±0.00		0.04±0.00	-
13	20307-84-0		δ-榄香烯		δ-elemene		C₁₅H₂₄	0.74±0.01		4.70±0.01	4.00±0.00
14	17699-14-8		α-荜澄茄油烯		α-cubebene		C₁₅H₂₄	1.47±0.01		0.05±0.01	0.04±0.00
15	3856-25-5		α-可巴烯		α-copaene		C₁₅H₂₄	5.91±0.00		1.70±0.00	1.68±0.01
16	515-13-9		β-榄香烯		β-elemene		C₁₅H₂₄	-		0.32±0.01	0.29±0.00
17	87-44-5		β-石竹烯		β-caryophyllene		C₁₅H₂₄	15.82±0.00		14.95±0.00	15.51±0.01
18	28973-97-9		β-金合欢烯		β-farnesene		C₁₅H₂₄	0.44±0.01		0.02±0.01	-
19	6753-98-6		α-律草烯		α-humulene		C₁₅H₂₄	4.10±0.01		0.68±0.00	0.61±0.00
20	23986-74-5		大根香叶烯D		germacrene D		C₁₅H₂₄	0.54±0.01		0.06±0.01	0.07±0.00
21	17066-67-0		β-芹子烯		β-selinene		C₁₅H₂₄	1.73±0.01		0.12±0.01	0.15±0.00
22	22567-17-5		γ-古芸烯		γ-gurjunene		C₁₅H₂₄	0.11±0.01		0.08±0.01	0.09±0.00
23	128-37-0		2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲基苯酚		2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol		C₁₅H₂₄O	-		0.03±0.01	0.11±0.01
24	483-76-1		δ-杜松烯		δ-cadinene		C₁₅H₂₄	2.25±0.01		0.38±0.00	0.37±0.01
25	1139-30-6		氧化石竹烯		caryophyllene oxide		C₁₅H₂₄O	0.09±0.00		0.13±0.00	0.14±0.00
26	464-48-2		樟脑		camphor		C₁₀H₁₆O	0.05±0.01		-	-
27	562-74-3		4-萜烯醇		terpinen-4-ol		C₁₀H₁₈O	0.10±0.01		-	-
28	1197-01-9		2-(4-甲基苯基)丙-2-醇		2-(4-methylphenyl) propan-2-ol		C₁₀H₁₄O	0.04±0.01		-	-
29	106-25-2		橙花醇		nerol		C₁₀H₁₈O	0.04±0.00		-	-
30	25246-27-9		香树烯		alloaromadendrene		C₁₅H₂₄	0.09±0.00		-	-
31	495-61-4		β-甜没药烯		β-bisabolene		C₁₅H₂₄	0.79±0.01		-	-
32	489-84-9		愈创兰油烃		guaiazulene		C₁₅H₁₈	0.05±0.01		-	-
33	24347-58-8		(R,R)-(-)-2,3-丁二醇		(R,R)-butane-2,3-diol		C₄H₁₀O₂	0.07±0.01		-	0.04±0.00

主成分 Principal component	初始特征值Initial eigenvalues			提取平方和载入Extraction sums of squared loadings
主成分 Principal component	特征值 Eigenvalues	方差 Variance/%	累积 Cumulative%	特征值 Eigenvalues	方差 Variance/%	累积 Cumulative%
1	2.784	92.811	92.811	2.784	92.811	92.811
2	0.215	7.168	99.979	0.215	7.168	99.979
3	0.001	0.022	100.000	0.001	0.022	100.000

主成分 Principal component	初始特征值Initial eigenvalues			提取平方和载入Extraction sums of squared loadings
主成分 Principal component	特征值 Eigenvalues	方差 Variance/%	累积 Cumulative%	特征值 Eigenvalues	方差 Variance/%	累积 Cumulative%
1	2.784	92.811	92.811	2.784	92.811	92.811
2	0.215	7.168	99.979	0.215	7.168	99.979
3	0.001	0.022	100.000	0.001	0.022	100.000

挥发性成分 Volatile compounds	主成分Principal component
挥发性成分 Volatile compounds	PC1	PC2	PC3
蒎烯	0.456	-0.324	0.050
β-蒎烯	1.240	-0.517	0.042
3-蒈烯	4.016	-0.678	-0.042
柠檬烯	2.610	-0.374	-0.010
γ-松油烯	-1.091	-0.125	-0.014
萜品油烯	-0.913	0.115	-0.007
芳樟醇	-1.000	0.016	-0.012
α-松油醇	-1.124	-0.136	-0.013
δ-榄香烯	-0.275	-0.548	0.054
α-荜澄茄油烯	-0.952	0.115	-0.008
α-可巴烯	-0.064	0.810	0.021
β-石竹烯	3.690	1.187	0.001
β-金合欢烯	-1.095	-0.088	-0.013
α-律草烯	-0.493	0.571	0.016
大根香叶烯D	-1.072	-0.075	-0.016
β-芹子烯	-0.901	0.156	-0.010
γ-古芸烯	-1.126	-0.163	-0.019
δ-杜松烯	-0.788	0.232	-0.003
氧化石竹烯	-1.119	-0.173	-0.019