Resistance Identification of Rootstock for Bitter Gourd Grafting to Meloidogyne enterolobii

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2022.02.016

Abstract

Abstract:

Root knot nematode is one of the most important soil-borne diseases affecting the development of agricultural production. Meloidogyne enterolobii is the dominant population among root knot nematode in south China in recent years. It is difficult to control and seriously affect the yield and quality of bitter gourd. Therefore, it is of great theoretical significance and production value to take the prevention measure by bitter gourd rootstock and screen the resistant rootstock material, in order to reduce the harm of root knot nematode disease and screen the resistant rootstocks of bitter gourd to M. enterolobii, this study took 18 bitter gourd rootstocks as the materials, the relative growth and resistance indices of 18 bitter gourd rootstocks were measured 45 days after inoculation. The relative growth indexes included plant height, plant weight, stem diameter and root fresh weight; the resistance indexes included gall index, egg granule index, reproduction frequency, and disease index. The comprehensive analysis included clustering analysis and subordinate function analysis. The resistance evaluation of bitter gourd rootstocks to M. enterolobii were conducted combining clustering and subordinate function analysis with different indices. The results can clear and definite showed that there were significant differences in the relative growth and resistance indices of 18 bitter gourd rootstocks after infection by the M. enterolobii. The result of clustering analysis based on the egg granule index with highest coefficient variance was obviously consistent with that based on the four resistance indices. Through comprehensive above evaluation of clustering analysis and subordinate function analysis, 18 bitter gourd grafted rootstocks were respective divided into three groups, resistant, susceptible and highly susceptible. Resistant rootstocks included ‘Fenghuang No. 3’ ‘Tiemuzhen’ ‘Zhenyouliang 101’ ‘Japanese cedar’ ‘Jinzhen No. 1’and ‘Jingxinzhen No. 4’. Susceptible rootstocks included ‘Japanese Jinxiutai Wood’ ‘Strong force No. 6’ ‘Yueyou No. 3’ ‘Disease-resistant Pioneer’ ‘Jingxinzhen No. 5’ ‘Korean Jinzhen’ ‘Deli Rootstock’ ‘Shengzhen No. 3’ ‘Black seed pumpkin’ and ‘Yuzhu loofah’. The rootstocks with high susceptible are ‘king of omnipotent rootstocks’ and ‘King of green rootstocks’. The grafted bitter gourd of ‘Fenghuang No. 3’ ‘Tiemuzhen’ ‘Zhenyouliang 101’ ‘Japanese cedar’ ‘Jinzhen No. 1’and ‘Jingxinzhen No. 4’ presented better disease resistance and can be used as grafting materials for the bitter gourd. This study, resistance identification of rootstock for bitter gourd grafting to M. enterolobii, were screened out six rootstocks with excellent comprehensive performance, it provides reference for the resistance of M. enterolobii in the actual production and builds a solid foundation for the sustainable development of the bitter gourd industry.

Key words: bitter gourd rootstock, Meloidogyne enterolobii, resistance identification, subordinate function, clustering analysis

CLC Number:

LI Ronglan, NIU Yu, TIAN Libo, YANG Yan, LIU Ziji. Resistance Identification of Rootstock for Bitter Gourd Grafting to Meloidogyne enterolobii[J]. Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, 2022, 43(2): 353-360.

Figures/Tables 6

References 23

[1]	石文倩. 苦瓜, 蔬菜中的“君子菜”[J]. 生命世界, 2019(9): 78-83.
	SHI W Q. Bitter melon, “gentleman’s dish” among vegetables[J]. Life World, 2019(9): 78-83. (in Chinese)
[2]	PETER E L, KASALI F M, DEYNO S, MTEWA A, NAGENDRAPPA P B, TOLO C U, OGWANG P E, SESAAZI D. Momordica charantia L. lowers elevated glycaemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients: systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2019, 231: 311-324. DOI URL
[3]	FAN M Q, KIM E, CHOI Y, TANG Y J, MOON S. The role of Momordica charantia in resisting obesity[J]. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2019, 16(18): 3251. DOI URL
[4]	FANG E F, FROETSCHER L, MORTEN S, BOHR V A, WONG J H, BUN N T. Emerging antitumor activities of the bitter melon (Momordica charantia)[J]. Current Protein & Peptide Science, 2019, 20(3): 296-301.
[5]	WANG Q, WU X Y, SHI F L, YANG L. Comparison of antidiabetic effects of saponins and polysaccharides from Momordica charantia L. in STZ-induced type 2 diabetic mice[J]. Biomedicine Pharmacother, 2019, 109: 744-750. DOI URL
[6]	徐小梅, 程庆兵, 陈扣宝, 刘业飞. 电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定苦瓜药材中16种无机元素[J]. 化学分析计量, 2019, 28(6): 60-65.
	XU X M, CHENG Q B, CHEN K B, LIU Y F. Determination of 16 inorganic elements in fructus momordicae charantiae by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry[J]. Chemical Analysis and Meterage, 2019, 28(6): 60-65. (in Chinese)
[7]	陈慧, 王会芳, 陈绵才. 象耳豆根结线虫的研究进展[J]. 贵州农业科学, 2016, 44(5): 51-55.
	CHEN H, WANG H F, CHEN M C. Research progress of Meloidogyne enterolobii[J]. Guizhou Agricultural Sciences, 2016, 44(5): 51-55. (in Chinese)
[8]	李可, 邓云, 孙德玺, 朱迎春, 周芝君, 刘君璞. 抗南方根结线虫西瓜砧木资源的筛选[J]. 中国瓜菜, 2016, 29(4): 15-18.
	LI K, DENG Y, SUN D X, ZHU Y C, ZHOU Z J, LIU J P. Screening of watermelon rootstocks resistant to southern root-knot nematode[J]. Chinese Vegetables, 2016, 29(4): 15-18. (in Chinese)
[9]	张敏, 郑磊, 高旭利, 李永腾, 王贻鸿, 张卫华. 不同南瓜砧木对根结线虫的抗性鉴定及其对接穗黄瓜生长的影响[J]. 山东农业科学, 2020, 52(6): 104-107.
	ZHANG M, ZHENG L, GAO X L, LI Y T, WANG Y H, ZHANG W H. Resistance identification of different pumpkin rootstock against root-knot nematode and its effect on scion cucumber growth[J]. Shandong Agricultural Sciences, 2020, 52(6): 104-107. (in Chinese)
[10]	张红浩. 砧用南瓜种质资源形态学性状分析及抗病性评价[D]. 南宁: 广西大学, 2015.
	ZHANG H H. Analysis of morphological characters and evaluation of disease resistance for rootstock-used pumpkin germplasms[D]. Nanning: Guangxi University, 2015. (in Chinese)
[11]	杜公福, 詹园凤, 刘子记, 贺滉, 戚志强, 党选民. 西瓜嫁接砧木对根结线虫的抗性分析[J]. 福建农业学报, 2017, 32(12): 1354-1358.
	DU G F, ZHAN Y F, LIU Z J, HE H, QI Z Q, DANG X M. Cluster analysis on resistance of watermelon rootstocks against Meloidogyne incognita infection[J]. Fujian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2017, 32(12): 1354-1358. (in Chinese)
[12]	姜秉政, 陈莉菁, 苗悦, 凌鹏, 谢尚潜, 刘子记, 曹振木, 朱婕. 不同辣椒种质对象耳豆根结线虫的抗性评价[J]. 分子植物育种, 2021, 19(22): 7649-7656.
	JIANG B Z, CHEN L Q, MIAO Y, LING P, XIE S Q, LIU Z J, CAO Z M, ZHU J. Evaluation of resistance to Meloidogyne enterolobii in different capsicum pepper germplasms[J]. Molecular Plant Breeding, 2021, 19(22): 7649-7656. (in Chinese)
[13]	刘维志. 植物病原线虫学[M]. 北京: 中国农业出版社, 2000.
	LIU W Z. Plant pathogenic nematology[M]. Beijing: China Agriculture Press, 2000. (in Chinese)
[14]	张铭真. 烟草根结线虫病抗性关联分析[D]. 郑州: 河南农业大学, 2017.
	ZHANG M Z. Association mapping of root knot nematode resistance traits in tobacco[D]. Zhengzhou: Henan Agricultural University, 2017. (in Chinese)
[15]	BOITEOX L S, CHARCHAR J M. Genetic resistance to root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne javanica) in eggplant (Solanum melongena)[J]. Plant Breeding, 1996, 115(3): 198-200. DOI URL
[16]	宋洪元, 雷建军, 李成琼. 植物热胁迫反应及抗热性鉴定与评价[J]. 中国蔬菜, 1998, 1(1): 48-50.
	SONG H Y, LEI J J, Li C Q. Identification and evaluation of plant heat stress response and heat resistance[J]. China Vegetables, 1998, 1(1): 48-50. (in Chinese)
[17]	贾双双, 高荣广, 徐坤. 番茄砧木对南方根结线虫抗性鉴定[J]. 中国农业科学, 2009, 42(12): 4301-4307.
	JIA S S, GAO R G, XU K. Screening and evaluation of tomato rootstocks for resistance to Meloidogyne incognita[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2009, 42(12): 4301-4307. (in Chinese)
[18]	徐小明, 徐坤, 于芹, 张晓艳. 茄子砧木对南方根结线虫抗性的鉴定与评价[J]. 园艺学报, 2008(10): 1461-1466.
	XU X M, XU K, YU Q, ZHANG X Y. Screening and evaluation of eggplant rootstock for resistance to Meloidogyne incognita[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2008(10): 1461-1466. (in Chinese)
[19]	王袁, 邢雪霞, 李晓辉, 张铭真, 刘冰洋, 徐世晓, 杨铁钊. 烟草品种对南方根结线虫抗性鉴定及抗性指标筛选[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2017, 19(8): 124-131.
	WANG Y, XING X X, LI X H, ZHANG M Z, LIU B Y, XU S X, YANG T Z. Resistance identification of tobacco varieties to M. incognita and selection the resistance indexs[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2017, 19(8): 124-131. (in Chinese)
[20]	韩英光, 龙海波, 廖道龙, 云天海, 胡艳平. 南方根结线虫侵染对不同砧木嫁接冬瓜生长的影响[J]. 热带作物学报, 2020, 41(1): 135-140.
	HAN Y G, LONG H B, LIAO D L, YUN T H, HU Y P. Effects of Meloidogyne incognita on growth of grafting wax gourd for different rootstocks[J]. Journal of Tropical Crops, 2020, 41(1): 135-140. (in Chinese)
[21]	金国良, 王富, 霍雨猛, 何启伟, 徐苑芳. 耐根结线虫瓜类砧木的筛选[J]. 山东农业科学, 2010(5): 89-91.
	JIN G L, WANG F, HUO Y M, HE Q W, XU Y F. Screening of cucurbits rootstocks tolerant to root-knot nematode[J]. Shandong Agricultural Sciences, 2010(5): 89-91. (in Chinese)
[22]	王志伟, 李涵, 孙德玺, 邓云, 徐小军, 刘君璞. 4个甜瓜野生近缘种对南方根结线虫的抗性评价[J]. 中国瓜菜, 2014, 27(1): 13-16.
	WANG Z W, LI H, SUN D X, DENG Y, XU X J, LIU J P. Evaluation of four melon relatives for resistance to Meloidgyne incognita[J]. China Cucurbits and Vegetables, 2014, 27(1): 13-16. (in Chinese)
[23]	陈文明. 砧用瓠瓜种质资源多样性及抗西瓜枯萎病和南方根结线虫的研究[D]. 南宁: 广西大学, 2016.
	CHEN W M. The study of diversity and resistance on watermelon Fusarium wilt and root-knot nematode of bottle gourd root-stocks[D]. Nanning: Guangxi University, 2016. (in Chinese)

编号 No.	品种 Variety	来源 Origin
1	全能砧王	太谷县德丰种业有限公司
2	抗病先锋	青岛鼎丰吉春种业有限公司
3	韩国金砧	青岛育成砧木种业有限公司
4	金砧1号	山东省农科院科技服务中心济南学超种业有限公司
5	日本金秀台木	寿光华诺种业销售部
6	圣砧三号	沈阳圣地亚农业高科技有限公司
7	日本雪松	山东寿光市洪亮种子有限公司
8	铁木砧	寿光金鹏种业有限公司
9	京欣砧4号	京研益农种业科技有限公司
10	强力六号	北京北农亨利种子有限公司
11	凤凰三号	青岛育成砧木种业有限公司
12	德力砧木	寿光市明浩种业有限有限公司
13	砧优亮101号	寿光南澳绿亨农业有限公司
14	京欣砧5号	京研益农种业科技有限公司
15	粤优3号	广东科农蔬菜种业有限公司
16	玉竹丝瓜	广东和利农种业股份有限公司
17	青根砧王	青岛忠丰种业有限公司
18	黑籽南瓜	大自然金果种业

编号 No.	品种 Variety	来源 Origin
1	全能砧王	太谷县德丰种业有限公司
2	抗病先锋	青岛鼎丰吉春种业有限公司
3	韩国金砧	青岛育成砧木种业有限公司
4	金砧1号	山东省农科院科技服务中心济南学超种业有限公司
5	日本金秀台木	寿光华诺种业销售部
6	圣砧三号	沈阳圣地亚农业高科技有限公司
7	日本雪松	山东寿光市洪亮种子有限公司
8	铁木砧	寿光金鹏种业有限公司
9	京欣砧4号	京研益农种业科技有限公司
10	强力六号	北京北农亨利种子有限公司
11	凤凰三号	青岛育成砧木种业有限公司
12	德力砧木	寿光市明浩种业有限有限公司
13	砧优亮101号	寿光南澳绿亨农业有限公司
14	京欣砧5号	京研益农种业科技有限公司
15	粤优3号	广东科农蔬菜种业有限公司
16	玉竹丝瓜	广东和利农种业股份有限公司
17	青根砧王	青岛忠丰种业有限公司
18	黑籽南瓜	大自然金果种业

品种 Variety	相对生长量Relative growth/%
品种 Variety	株高Plant height	株重Plant weight	茎粗Stem diameter	根鲜重Root fresh weight
全能砧王	90.67±5.13^abcd	86.00±8.89^abc	96.67±0.58^abc	96.00±3.46^bcde
抗病先锋	79.00±8.19^d	72.67±5.69^c	98.33±0.58^a	85.67±12.22^cde
韩国金砧	90.00±8.72^abcd	87.67±5.77^abc	97.33±0.58^ab	87.33±6.51^cde
金砧1号	91.33±1.53^abcd	81.00±18.52^abc	87.67±4.04^cd	74.33±20.21^e
日本金秀台木	79.67±8.51^d	75.00±12.77^bc	89.67±9.50^abcd	93.00±1.00^bcde
圣砧三号	83.33±6.66^cd	89.67±9.61^abc	95.00±7.81^abc	143.00±48.13^a
日本雪松	90.00±8.54^abcd	86.33±9.07^abc	93.33±5.03^abcd	93.00±3.61^bcde
铁木砧	98.00±1.00^a	92.00±4.58^ab	84.67±7.02^d	86.00±9.54^cde
京欣砧4号	96.67±0.58^ab	90.33±6.81^abc	93.00±3.46^abcd	114.67±19.76^bc
强力六号	86.00±9.85^abcd	78.67±12.50^abc	95.33±3.51^abc	122.67±21.94^ab
凤凰三号	85.00±3.46^bcd	83.00±9.64^abc	90.00±2.00^abcd	90.67±6.43^cde
德力砧木	84.67±11.24^bcd	80.67±7.23^abc	92.67±5.69^abcd	87.00±8.72^cde
砧优亮101号	91.00±5.57^abcd	92.67±8.39^ab	92.00±2.65^abcd	85.33±7.77^cde
京欣砧5号	93.33±0.58^abc	93.33±1.16^a	95.33±4.62^abc	106.00±15.13^bcd
粤优3号	88.00±2.65^abcd	89.33±10.97^abc	91.00±3.61^abcd	84.00±14.42^cde
玉竹丝瓜	86.67±7.10^abcd	87.00±9.17^abc	95.33±1.53^abc	90.00±3.46^cde
青根砧王	84.00±2.65^bcd	85.00±3.00^abc	89.00±3.61^bcd	96.00±2.65^bcde
黑籽南瓜	88.00±7.00^abcd	92.00±4.36^ab	90.67±6.03^abcd	78.00±3.00^de
变异系数/%	6.24	9.60	4.31	12.14

品种 Variety	相对生长量Relative growth/%
品种 Variety	株高Plant height	株重Plant weight	茎粗Stem diameter	根鲜重Root fresh weight
全能砧王	90.67±5.13^abcd	86.00±8.89^abc	96.67±0.58^abc	96.00±3.46^bcde
抗病先锋	79.00±8.19^d	72.67±5.69^c	98.33±0.58^a	85.67±12.22^cde
韩国金砧	90.00±8.72^abcd	87.67±5.77^abc	97.33±0.58^ab	87.33±6.51^cde
金砧1号	91.33±1.53^abcd	81.00±18.52^abc	87.67±4.04^cd	74.33±20.21^e
日本金秀台木	79.67±8.51^d	75.00±12.77^bc	89.67±9.50^abcd	93.00±1.00^bcde
圣砧三号	83.33±6.66^cd	89.67±9.61^abc	95.00±7.81^abc	143.00±48.13^a
日本雪松	90.00±8.54^abcd	86.33±9.07^abc	93.33±5.03^abcd	93.00±3.61^bcde
铁木砧	98.00±1.00^a	92.00±4.58^ab	84.67±7.02^d	86.00±9.54^cde
京欣砧4号	96.67±0.58^ab	90.33±6.81^abc	93.00±3.46^abcd	114.67±19.76^bc
强力六号	86.00±9.85^abcd	78.67±12.50^abc	95.33±3.51^abc	122.67±21.94^ab
凤凰三号	85.00±3.46^bcd	83.00±9.64^abc	90.00±2.00^abcd	90.67±6.43^cde
德力砧木	84.67±11.24^bcd	80.67±7.23^abc	92.67±5.69^abcd	87.00±8.72^cde
砧优亮101号	91.00±5.57^abcd	92.67±8.39^ab	92.00±2.65^abcd	85.33±7.77^cde
京欣砧5号	93.33±0.58^abc	93.33±1.16^a	95.33±4.62^abc	106.00±15.13^bcd
粤优3号	88.00±2.65^abcd	89.33±10.97^abc	91.00±3.61^abcd	84.00±14.42^cde
玉竹丝瓜	86.67±7.10^abcd	87.00±9.17^abc	95.33±1.53^abc	90.00±3.46^cde
青根砧王	84.00±2.65^bcd	85.00±3.00^abc	89.00±3.61^bcd	96.00±2.65^bcde
黑籽南瓜	88.00±7.00^abcd	92.00±4.36^ab	90.67±6.03^abcd	78.00±3.00^de
变异系数/%	6.24	9.60	4.31	12.14

品种 Variety	根结指数 GI	卵粒指数 EI	繁殖系数 RF	病情指数 DI
全能砧王	143.83±10.24^ab	29 462.75±7700.07^a	66.92±5.50^a	80.00±7.30^ab
抗病先锋	99.53±12.05^cde	15 420.10±1652.78^bcd	30.17±7.26^cde	53.33±6.67^de
韩国金砧	112.18±12.33^abcd	19 100.38±1482.95^b	42.48±6.30^bc	53.33±4.22^de
金砧1号	107.88±28.76^bcd	7090.47±1690.89^def	15.67±3.84^fg	53.33±4.22^de
日本金秀台木	40.24±7.23^hijk	6324.86±1236.47^def	11.92±2.26^fg	33.33±4.22^fgh
圣砧三号	96.05±10.40^cde	11 390.05±1883.86^bcde	31.42±4.63^cd	73.33±6.67^bc
日本雪松	50.55±10.70^fghi	5180.98±1895.43^ef	7.75±2.50^fg	43.33±6.15^def
铁木砧	11.44±3.28^jk	4320.92±637.73^ef	6.42±0.81^fg	26.67±4.22^gh
京欣砧4号	45.40±6.13^ghij	7773.44±1211.29^def	16.00±1.85^efg	60.00±0.00^cd
强力六号	86.49±14.92^cdef	14 699.28±1734.91^bcd	35.42±4.68^c	80.00±5.16^ab
凤凰三号	8.55±3.18^k	1211.75±315.82^f	2.25±0.50^g	20.00±0.00^h
德力砧木	67.40±12.17^efgh	17 159.42±4728.99^bc	16.17±4.55^efg	43.33±8.03^def
砧优亮101号	25.42±3.51^ijk	4111.56±519.70^ef	5.92±1.04^fg	23.33±3.33^gh
京欣砧5号	50.33±9.08^fghi	13 153.32±2210.87^bcde	17.92±1.47^def	36.67±3.33^efg
粤优3号	118.49±11.95^abc	14 884.93±2342.30^bcd	36.00±8.46^c	90.00±6.83^a
玉竹丝瓜	85.98±5.73^cdef	9869.02±1744.05^cdef	17.58±3.62^def	50.00±4.47^def
青根砧王	145.19±15.71^a	30 445.50±3523.46^a	50.17±7.67^b	73.33±6.67^bc
黑籽南瓜	78.92±6.72^defg	10 722.94±2568.18^bcde	14.25±3.15^bfg	50.00±4.47^def
变异系数/%	33.00	43.06	40.45	22.32