Yield, Quality, Nutrient Use Efficiency and Economic Profit of Tea under Different Fertilizer Reduction Techniques in Tea Garden

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2021.09.022

Abstract

Abstract:

To provide valuable resources and techniques for saving fertilizer and improving fertilizer efficiency in tea garden, a tea garden planted with 9-year-old clonal cultivar ‘Fudingdabaicha’, located in northeast Guizhou Province, was selected to conduct field tests. We performed the analysis of the effects of five treatments on tea yield, quality, nutrient use efficiency and economic profit. The five treatments were 1) the control (CK), no fertilizer, 2) conventional fertilization (CF), 3) treatment 1, 2 and 3 (T1, T2, T3). 32.1%, 33.8% and 46.0% chemical fertilizer was reduced in T1, T2 and T3 compared with CF, respectively. The annual yield of dry tea from T1, T2 and T3 was 3524.1, 3644.4 and 3835.7 kg/hm ², respectively, which was significantly higher than that of CF (3127.3 kg/hm² ), while the value in T1, T2, T3 and CF was significantly higher than that of CK (2172.6 kg/hm²). The lowest the ratio of tea polyphenols to free amino acids (TP/AA) in each season among five treatments was observed in T1. No significant difference for TP/AA were observed among CF, T1 and T2 in autumn. There were no significant difference of TP/AA among CF, T2 and T3 in spring and summer. In general, the annual nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) uptake amount and use efficiency was higher in T1, T2 and T3 than in CF, the best effect was observed in T3. The annual net income of each fertilization treatment was significantly higher than that of CK (36 900 yuan/hm²). Compared with CF, the annual net income could be increased by 14 800, 13 900 and 15 200 yuan/hm², respectively. Our data showed that fertilizer furrow application is better than broadcast application in tea garden, and indicated that T1 and T3 contributed more to saving fertilizer and improving fertilizer efficiency compared to CF, while T3 was better. Our results suggested that the proportion of N, P and K should be adjusted, and the content of organic fertilizer and organic matter should be increased in tea special fertilizer. Additionally, the replacement ratio of organic fertilizer should be increased in T3.

Key words: tea garden, technique of fertilization, yield, quality, nutrient use efficiency, economic profit

CLC Number:

S571.1

LIU Shengchuan, LIN Kaiqin, LIANG Sihui, HE Ping, WEI Jie, YAN Donghai, XU Lin, HE Guoju, ZHOU Yufeng. Yield, Quality, Nutrient Use Efficiency and Economic Profit of Tea under Different Fertilizer Reduction Techniques in Tea Garden[J]. Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, 2021, 42(9): 2601-2609.

Figures/Tables 11

References 33

[1]	倪康, 蔡晓明, 阮建云. 践行绿色发展理念——推进茶园化肥农药减施[J]. 植物生理学报, 2016, 52(12):1766-1767.
[2]	Chen C F, Lin J Y. Estimating the gross budget of applied nitrogen and phosphorus in tea plantations[J]. Sustainable Environment Research, 2016, 26(3):124-130. DOI URL
[3]	周卫. 化学肥料减施增效调控途径[J]. 高效施肥, 2016(37):3-5.
[4]	Zhang J J, Ding X P, Ullah W C, et al. Nutrient expert improves nitrogen efficiency and environmental benefits for winter wheat in China[J]. Agronomy Journal, 2018, 110(2):696-706. DOI URL
[5]	付浩然, 李婷玉, 曹寒冰, 等. 我国化肥减量增效的驱动因素探究[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2020, 26(3):561-580.
[6]	柳瑞, Hafeez A, 李恩琳, 等. 减氮配施稻秆生物炭对稻田土壤养分及植株氮素吸收的影响[J]. 应用生态学报, 2020, 31(7):2381-2389.
[7]	Klikocka H, Cybulska, Nowak A. Efficiency of fertilization and utilization of nitrogen and sulphur by spring wheat[J]. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 2017, 26(5):2029-2036. DOI URL
[8]	程博一, 韩艳娜, 李叶云, 等. 施肥模式对茶叶品质、产量构成及土壤肥力的影响[J]. 中国生态农业学报, 2014, 22(5):525-533.
[9]	马立锋, 吕闰强, 黄海涛, 等. 机械施肥对茶叶产量、品质和养分吸收的影响及经济效益分析[J]. 浙江农业科学, 2017, 58(3):391-395, 402.
[10]	王子腾, 耿元波, 梁涛, 等. 减施化肥和配施有机肥对茶园土壤养分及茶叶产量和品质的影响[J]. 生态环境学报, 2018, 27(12):2243-2251.
[11]	刘声传, 龙毅, 林开勤, 等. 化肥减施对 ‘黔茶1号’ 产量与品质的影响[J]. 中国农学通报, 2018, 34(6):60-64.
[12]	刘声传, 林开勤, 周弟鑫, 等. 茶园控释复合肥肥效与施用技术研究[J]. 中国土壤与肥料, 2019(4):164-171.
[13]	王建华, 马军伟, 俞巧钢, 等. 有机肥部分替代化肥对茶叶产量与品质的影响[J]. 浙江农业科学, 2020, 61(4):689-691.
[14]	倪康, 廖万有, 伊晓云, 等. 我国茶园施肥现状与减施潜力分析[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2019, 25(3):421-432.
[15]	阮建云, 马立锋, 伊晓云, 等. 茶树养分综合管理与减肥增效技术研究[J]. 茶叶科学, 2020, 40(1):85-95.
[16]	骆耀平. 茶树栽培学[M]. 5版. 北京: 中国农业出版社, 2018: 223.
[17]	中华人民共和国农业部. NYT/T653-2004茶叶产地环境条件技术[S]. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 2004.
[18]	刘德和, 肖星, 殷丽琼, 等. 云南茶园机械采摘适应性研究[J]. 山东农业科学, 2015, 47(4):49-51.
[19]	董庆玲, 娄焕昌, 张慧, 等. 普通和控释尿素配合深施提高冬小麦花期旗叶光合性能与氮素利用效率[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2019, 25(7):1134-1145.
[20]	朱海, 杨劲松, 姚荣江, 等. 有机无机肥配施对滨海盐渍农田土壤盐分及作物氮素利用的影响[J]. 中国生态农业学报, 2019, 27(3):441-450.
[21]	吕振通, 张凌云. SPSS统计分析与应用[M]. 北京: 机械工业出版社, 2010: 144-172.
[22]	Chen C S, Zhong Q S, Lin Z H, et al. Screening tea varieties for nitrogen efficiency[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 2017, 40(12):1797-1804. DOI URL
[23]	马立锋, 倪康, 伊晓云, 等. 浙江茶园化肥减施增效技术模式及示范应用效果[J]. 中国茶叶, 2019, 41(10):40-43.
[24]	杨浩瑜, 刘惠见, 张乃明, 等. 化肥减施处理对茶园土壤养分及茶叶品质的影响[J]. 南方农业学报, 2020, 51(4):887-896.
[25]	尼姣姣, 王勇, 卢小娜, 等. 贵州湄潭‘黔湄601’茶叶施肥现状及优化对策[J]. 中国热带农业, 2017(1):36-39.
[26]	张群峰. 茶树镁营养添镁茶更香[J]. 中国农资, 2019(10):17.
[27]	韩文炎, 马立锋, 石元值, 等. 茶树控释氮肥的施用效果与合理施用技术研究[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2007, 13(6):1148-1155.
[28]	马立锋, 苏孔武, 黎金兰, 等. 控释氮肥对茶叶产量、品质和氮素利用效率及经济效益的影响[J]. 茶叶科学, 2015, 35(4):354-362.
[29]	伊晓云, 马立锋, 石元值, 等. 茶园有机肥使用和有机肥替代化肥技术[J]. 中国茶叶, 2018, 40(6):10-13.
[30]	Ren C H. Integrated emergy and economic evaluation of tea production chains in Anxi, China[J]. Ecological Engineering, 2013, 60:354-362. DOI URL
[31]	Das S, Borua P K, Bhagat R M. Soil nitrogen and tea leaf properties in organic and conventional farming systems under humid sub-tropical conditions[J]. Organic Agriculture, 2016, 6(2):119-132. DOI URL
[32]	刘威, 张永瑞, 任倩倩, 等. 有机肥与茶叶配方肥配施对茶叶产量和品质的影响[J]. 湖北农业科学, 2019, 58(5):73-75.
[33]	吴志丹, 尤志明, 江福英, 等. 配施有机肥对茶园土壤性状及茶叶产质量的影响[J]. 土壤, 2015, 47(5):874-879.

试验点 Site	pH	有机质 Organic matter/(g∙kg^-1)	全氮 Total N/ (g∙kg^-1)	全磷 Total P/(g∙kg^-1)	全钾 Total K/(g∙kg^-1)	水解氮 Hydrolyzable N/(mg∙kg^-1)	速效磷 Valid P/(mg∙kg^-1)	速效钾 Valid K/(mg∙kg^-1)
SN	5.03	13.63	0.85	0.36	10.08	75.80	4.03	86.20
优质高产标准	4.5~6.0^[16]	>20.0^[16]	>1.0^[16]	>0.6^[17]	>10.0^[17]	>100.0^[16]	>15.0^[16]	>80.0^[16]

试验点 Site	pH	有机质 Organic matter/(g∙kg^-1)	全氮 Total N/ (g∙kg^-1)	全磷 Total P/(g∙kg^-1)	全钾 Total K/(g∙kg^-1)	水解氮 Hydrolyzable N/(mg∙kg^-1)	速效磷 Valid P/(mg∙kg^-1)	速效钾 Valid K/(mg∙kg^-1)
SN	5.03	13.63	0.85	0.36	10.08	75.80	4.03	86.20
优质高产标准	4.5~6.0^[16]	>20.0^[16]	>1.0^[16]	>0.6^[17]	>10.0^[17]	>100.0^[16]	>15.0^[16]	>80.0^[16]

处理 Treatments	基肥（10—11月） Base fertilizer (October to November)		追肥 Topdressing
处理 Treatments	肥料类型	用量/(kg∙hm^-2)	肥料类型	春茶催芽肥/(kg∙hm^-2)	5月份用量/(kg∙hm^-2)	施用方式
CK	无	0	无	0	0	无
CF	复合肥	1500	尿素	225	300	行间撒施
T1	茶树专用复混肥	2250	尿素	150	225	沟施
T2	控释肥	1200	尿素	0	225	沟施
T3	控释肥	600	尿素	225	300	沟施
	微生物有机肥	1500	尿素	225	300	沟施

处理 Treatments	基肥（10—11月） Base fertilizer (October to November)		追肥 Topdressing
处理 Treatments	肥料类型	用量/(kg∙hm^-2)	肥料类型	春茶催芽肥/(kg∙hm^-2)	5月份用量/(kg∙hm^-2)	施用方式
CK	无	0	无	0	0	无
CF	复合肥	1500	尿素	225	300	行间撒施
T1	茶树专用复混肥	2250	尿素	150	225	沟施
T2	控释肥	1200	尿素	0	225	沟施
T3	控释肥	600	尿素	225	300	沟施
	微生物有机肥	1500	尿素	225	300	沟施

处理 Treatments	有机肥 Organic fertilizer/(kg∙hm^-2)			化肥 Chemical fertilitzer/(kg∙hm^-2)			化肥总量 Total chemical fertilitzer/(kg∙hm^-2)	化肥减施量 Chemical fertilitzer reduction/%
处理 Treatments	N	P₂O₅	K₂O	N	P₂O₅	K₂O	化肥总量 Total chemical fertilitzer/(kg∙hm^-2)	总减施量	N	P	K
CK	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
CF	0.0	0.0	0.0	468.6	225.0	225.0	918.6
T1	9.0	4.5	4.5	421.5	112.5	90.0	624.0	32.1	10.1	50.0	60.0
T2	0.0	0.0.	0.0	368.4	96.0	144.0	608.4	33.8	21.4	57.3	36.0
T3	37.5	18.8	18.8	375.6	48.0	72.0	495.6	46.0	19.8	78.7	68.0