Comparison Experiment of Six Different Cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) Strains / Varieties

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2021.06.017

Abstract

Abstract:

Cacao is an important tropical economic crop, however, the current main varieties are limited in China. The critical task is to identify the excellent cacao strains and cultivate new cacao varieties. The comparison experiment was performed to investigate the different performance of botanical, agronomic and quality traits among the six cacao strains/varieties (XYS-1, XYS-2, XYS-3, XYS-4, XYS-5, ‘Reyin No.4’ in Wanning, Hainan. XYS-5 had the longest fruit ripening period, up to 192 days, while the shortest fruit ripening period was XYS-1, only 162 days. The average fruit length for XYS-4 was 218.27 mm, and significantly higher than other five strains/varieties. XYS-2 showed highest yield, with dry seed weight per fruit of 46.48 g and fruit number per plant of 59. There were no big differences between XYS-2 and ‘Reyin No.4’, but there were significant differences between XYS-2 and others. Cocoa butter content for XYS-5 was 51.27%, significantly higher than that of ‘Reyin No.4’ variety, while XYS-1 had the lowest cocoa butter content with 43.67%. Among the six strains/varieties, XYS-2 and XYS-4 which showed better performance in plant growth potential, yield and quality, and suitable to popularize and cultivate in Hainan island.

Key words: cacao, strain comparison, agronomic traits, yield, quality

CLC Number:

S571.3

LI Fupeng, WU Baoduo, WU Gang, ZHU Zihui, QIN Xiaowei, LAI Jianxiong. Comparison Experiment of Six Different Cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) Strains / Varieties[J]. Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, 2021, 42(6): 1625-1631.

Figures/Tables 6

References 19

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品系（种） Strains (varieties)	叶 Leaf			花 Flower		果实 Fruit		生长势 Growth potential
品系（种） Strains (varieties)	幼叶颜色 Young leaf color	叶长 Leaf length/cm	叶宽 Leaf width/cm	萼片显色 Sepal color	花蕾长度 Bud length/mm	颜色 Color	成熟周期 Day	生长势 Growth potential
XYS-1	浅红色	31.80±3.32	10.76±0.39	强	7.37±0.16	紫红色	162	强,分枝多
XYS-2	褐色	36.86±2.84	13.21±0.53	弱	7.05±0.08	中等红色	187	强,分枝多
XYS-3	褐色	33.03±3.84	11.63±1.08	无	7.27±0.18	浅绿色	167	中等,分枝中等
XYS-4	中等红色	36.50±4.62	12.96±1.23	中	8.54±0.37	紫红色	172	强,分枝多
XYS-5	深红色	29.51±1.56	9.31±0.64	弱	5.91±0.09	紫红色	192	中等,分枝少
热引4号	中等红色	41.42±1.72	14.48±0.68	中	7.07±0.15	绿红色	167	强,分枝中等

品系（种） Strains (varieties)	叶 Leaf			花 Flower		果实 Fruit		生长势 Growth potential
品系（种） Strains (varieties)	幼叶颜色 Young leaf color	叶长 Leaf length/cm	叶宽 Leaf width/cm	萼片显色 Sepal color	花蕾长度 Bud length/mm	颜色 Color	成熟周期 Day	生长势 Growth potential
XYS-1	浅红色	31.80±3.32	10.76±0.39	强	7.37±0.16	紫红色	162	强,分枝多
XYS-2	褐色	36.86±2.84	13.21±0.53	弱	7.05±0.08	中等红色	187	强,分枝多
XYS-3	褐色	33.03±3.84	11.63±1.08	无	7.27±0.18	浅绿色	167	中等,分枝中等
XYS-4	中等红色	36.50±4.62	12.96±1.23	中	8.54±0.37	紫红色	172	强,分枝多
XYS-5	深红色	29.51±1.56	9.31±0.64	弱	5.91±0.09	紫红色	192	中等,分枝少
热引4号	中等红色	41.42±1.72	14.48±0.68	中	7.07±0.15	绿红色	167	强,分枝中等

品系（种） Strains (varieties)	果实长度 Fruit length/mm	果实宽度 Fruit width/mm	果皮脊厚 Pod ridge thickness/mm	果皮沟厚 Pod groove thickness/mm	种子长度 Seed length/mm	种子宽度 Seed width/mm	种子厚度 Seed thickness/mm
XYS-1	148.72±3.63^c	89.63±0.97^a	13.90±0.46^b	11.78±0.38^a	24.95±0.22^b	14.33±0.09^a	7.24±0.28^bc
XYS-2	151.59±3.34^c	95.61±2.05^a	13.52±0.54^b	11.83±0.50^a	28.93±0.40^a	13.36±0.13^b	7.52±0.22^b
XYS-3	180.70±3.22^b	97.54±3.91^a	18.30±1.06^a	12.29±0.76^a	25.41±0.59^b	13.44±0.12^b	7.67±0.41^b
XYS-4	218.27±5.15^a	87.63±2.22^a	16.00±0.71^a	6.19±0.49^b	24.35±0.70^b	14.67±0.07^a	7.86±0.31^b
XYS-5	186.71±4.12^b	91.08±2.40^a	18.59±0.89^a	15.51±1.51^a	20.38±0.29^c	12.26±0.05^c	10.47±0.37^a
热引4号	186.71±4.13^c	91.36±1.31^a	17.17±0.57^a	13.49±0.67^a	23.33±0.37^b	13.69±0.18^b	6.37±0.11^c

品系（种） Strains (varieties)	果实长度 Fruit length/mm	果实宽度 Fruit width/mm	果皮脊厚 Pod ridge thickness/mm	果皮沟厚 Pod groove thickness/mm	种子长度 Seed length/mm	种子宽度 Seed width/mm	种子厚度 Seed thickness/mm
XYS-1	148.72±3.63^c	89.63±0.97^a	13.90±0.46^b	11.78±0.38^a	24.95±0.22^b	14.33±0.09^a	7.24±0.28^bc
XYS-2	151.59±3.34^c	95.61±2.05^a	13.52±0.54^b	11.83±0.50^a	28.93±0.40^a	13.36±0.13^b	7.52±0.22^b
XYS-3	180.70±3.22^b	97.54±3.91^a	18.30±1.06^a	12.29±0.76^a	25.41±0.59^b	13.44±0.12^b	7.67±0.41^b
XYS-4	218.27±5.15^a	87.63±2.22^a	16.00±0.71^a	6.19±0.49^b	24.35±0.70^b	14.67±0.07^a	7.86±0.31^b
XYS-5	186.71±4.12^b	91.08±2.40^a	18.59±0.89^a	15.51±1.51^a	20.38±0.29^c	12.26±0.05^c	10.47±0.37^a
热引4号	186.71±4.13^c	91.36±1.31^a	17.17±0.57^a	13.49±0.67^a	23.33±0.37^b	13.69±0.18^b	6.37±0.11^c

品系（种） Strains (varieties)	果实重量 Fruit weight/g	果壳重量 Podshell weight/g	每果粒数 Seed number	粒重 Seed weight/g	果肉重 Pulp weight/g	果肉比例 Pulp ratio/%
XYS-1	545.68±20.94^b	400.99±13.33^b	42.17±2.55^ab	1.42±0.05^ab	48.31±4.29^b	8.80±0.52^b
XYS-2	584.37±48.22^ac	419.89±35.29^ab	32.74±2.51^bc	1.53±0.05^a	72.71±9.60^ab	12.02±0.76^a
XYS-3	712.04±61.66^a	543.45±55.01^a	42.33±1.55^ab	1.41±0.06^ab	62.83±3.83^ab	8.97±1.00^a
XYS-4	628.12±40.08^ab	433.29±25.07^ab	49.00±2.46^a	1.38±0.02^ab	77.48±11.07^ab	12.15±1.31^a
XYS-5	662.28±41.37^ab	534.75±37.78^ab	20.00±3.51^c	1.23±0.05^bc	78.70±2.96^a	12.00±1.03^a
热引4号	576.56±25.40^ab	459.86±21.95^ab	40.98±0.73^ab	1.20±0.03^c	36.19±2.27^c	6.17±0.24^c