Research Progress on the Physicochemical Properties and Exploitation of Mango Kernel Oil

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2020.11.029

Abstract

Abstract:

Mango kernel, a byproduct of mango processing, is of a fat content 9.0%~13.1% (dry basis). The extracted kernel oil is a high quality oil, which has high nutritional value and development prospect. In this paper, the research progress of mango kernel oil in recent years were summarized from three aspects: the physiochemical index, lipid composition, exploitation and utilization. By comparing with the triglyceride components of cocoa butter and cocoa butter alternatives, the problems in the research of mango kernel oil were clarified and reasonable suggestions were given. It is hoped to promote the further development of mango kernel oil research and provide theoretical guidance and basis for the research and industrial development of mango kernel oil.

Key words: mango kernel oil, physiochemical index, development and utilization

CLC Number:

TU Xinghao,MA Huifang,WEI Fang,XIE Ya,LYU Xin,CHEN Hong,DU Liqing. Research Progress on the Physicochemical Properties and Exploitation of Mango Kernel Oil[J]. Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, 2020, 41(11): 2353-2363.

Figures/Tables 8

References 68

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检测指标 Detection index	芒果产地 Origin of mango
检测指标 Detection index	印度 India	伊朗 Iran	泰国 Thailand	埃及 Egypt	扎伊尔 Zaire	马达加斯加 Madagascar	肯尼亚Kenya	中国 China
熔点/℃	35	29~31	—	—	31~36	—	25~33	35~36
碘值/[g?(100 g)^-1]	49	54~57	37~39	45	47~58	—	54~57	73~83
不皂化物/%	2.0	2.8~3.1	—	1.3~1.6	1.3~2.2	0.9~3.2	2.3~2.7	2.0~2.1
总甾醇/%	1.2	—	—	1.2~2.2	—	—	—	—
生育酚/%	—	—	0.08~0.10	0.3	—	—	—	—
游离脂肪酸/%	0.1	1.3~1.7	0.2~0.3	1.8	—	—	2.3~3.8	1.5~1.8
甘油二酯/%	—	—	—	0.7~0.8	—	—	—	—
甘油三脂/%	96.1	—	—	93.7~97.6	94.8~97.5	—	—	—

检测指标 Detection index	芒果产地 Origin of mango
检测指标 Detection index	印度 India	伊朗 Iran	泰国 Thailand	埃及 Egypt	扎伊尔 Zaire	马达加斯加 Madagascar	肯尼亚Kenya	中国 China
熔点/℃	35	29~31	—	—	31~36	—	25~33	35~36
碘值/[g?(100 g)^-1]	49	54~57	37~39	45	47~58	—	54~57	73~83
不皂化物/%	2.0	2.8~3.1	—	1.3~1.6	1.3~2.2	0.9~3.2	2.3~2.7	2.0~2.1
总甾醇/%	1.2	—	—	1.2~2.2	—	—	—	—
生育酚/%	—	—	0.08~0.10	0.3	—	—	—	—
游离脂肪酸/%	0.1	1.3~1.7	0.2~0.3	1.8	—	—	2.3~3.8	1.5~1.8
甘油二酯/%	—	—	—	0.7~0.8	—	—	—	—
甘油三脂/%	96.1	—	—	93.7~97.6	94.8~97.5	—	—	—

种类 Variety	爱文 Irwin	肯特 Keitt	汤米·阿特金斯 Tommy Atkins	帕尔默 Palmer	彩虹芒果 Maha Chanook	法兰 Falan	水仙芒 Nam Dok Mai
油脂含量/%	11.9±0.2^a	7.8±1.1^b	10.7±1.1^a	7.3±0.2^b	7.4±0.5^b	5.4±0.4^bc	7.0±0.5^bc
棕榈酸C16:0 P	8.5±0.2^a	8.4±0.2^a	8.2±0.7^a	6.5±0.3^b	6.7±0.1^b	8.8±0.3^a	8.0±0.1^a
硬脂酸C18:0 S	38.0±0.6^c	35.1±0.9^d	38.5±3.0^cd	35.6±0.9^de	47.4±0.8^a	33.0±1.0^f	43.1±1.1^b
油酸C18:1n9 O	44.3±0.1^ab	45.1±2.4^ab	44.4±1.7^ab	47.8±1.3^a	35.5±0.9^d	41.6±0.6^bc	38.8±0.8^cd
亚油酸C18:2 n6 L	5.1±0.3^b	6.0±0.9^b	4.9±0.3^b	5.7±0.4^b	5.4±0.1^b	9.1±0.7^a	5.7±0.4^b
亚麻酸C18:3n3 Ln	0.4±0.0^d	0.6±0.2^bc	0.5±0.1^cd	0.6±0.0^c	0.7±0.0^b	2.0±0.3^a	0.6±0.1^c
花生酸C20:0 A	2.0±0.1^bc	2.5±0.1^a	1.8±0.1^bc	2.0±0.1^b	2.4±0.1^a	1.8±0.0^c	2.1±0.1^b
其他脂肪酸	1.7±0.1^c	2.4±0.2^a	1.7±0.2^c	1.7±0.2^bc	2.0±0.1^b	3.5±1.0^a	1.7±0.1^c
饱和脂肪酸	49.9±0.4^c	47.8±1.4^d	49.8±2.2^cd	45.5±0.9^e	58.0±0.9^a	46.5±1.6^de	54.4±1.0^b
单不饱和脂肪酸	44.6±0.2^ab	45.6±2.4^ab	44.8±1.8^ab	48.2±1.3^a	36.0±0.9^d	42.3±0.7^bc	39.3±0.8^cd
多不饱和脂肪酸	5.5±0.3^b	6.6±1.1^b	5.3±0.4^b	6.2±0.4^b	6.1±0.1^b	11.2±1.0^a	6.3±0.5^b

种类 Variety	爱文 Irwin	肯特 Keitt	汤米·阿特金斯 Tommy Atkins	帕尔默 Palmer	彩虹芒果 Maha Chanook	法兰 Falan	水仙芒 Nam Dok Mai
油脂含量/%	11.9±0.2^a	7.8±1.1^b	10.7±1.1^a	7.3±0.2^b	7.4±0.5^b	5.4±0.4^bc	7.0±0.5^bc
棕榈酸C16:0 P	8.5±0.2^a	8.4±0.2^a	8.2±0.7^a	6.5±0.3^b	6.7±0.1^b	8.8±0.3^a	8.0±0.1^a
硬脂酸C18:0 S	38.0±0.6^c	35.1±0.9^d	38.5±3.0^cd	35.6±0.9^de	47.4±0.8^a	33.0±1.0^f	43.1±1.1^b
油酸C18:1n9 O	44.3±0.1^ab	45.1±2.4^ab	44.4±1.7^ab	47.8±1.3^a	35.5±0.9^d	41.6±0.6^bc	38.8±0.8^cd
亚油酸C18:2 n6 L	5.1±0.3^b	6.0±0.9^b	4.9±0.3^b	5.7±0.4^b	5.4±0.1^b	9.1±0.7^a	5.7±0.4^b
亚麻酸C18:3n3 Ln	0.4±0.0^d	0.6±0.2^bc	0.5±0.1^cd	0.6±0.0^c	0.7±0.0^b	2.0±0.3^a	0.6±0.1^c
花生酸C20:0 A	2.0±0.1^bc	2.5±0.1^a	1.8±0.1^bc	2.0±0.1^b	2.4±0.1^a	1.8±0.0^c	2.1±0.1^b
其他脂肪酸	1.7±0.1^c	2.4±0.2^a	1.7±0.2^c	1.7±0.2^bc	2.0±0.1^b	3.5±1.0^a	1.7±0.1^c
饱和脂肪酸	49.9±0.4^c	47.8±1.4^d	49.8±2.2^cd	45.5±0.9^e	58.0±0.9^a	46.5±1.6^de	54.4±1.0^b
单不饱和脂肪酸	44.6±0.2^ab	45.6±2.4^ab	44.8±1.8^ab	48.2±1.3^a	36.0±0.9^d	42.3±0.7^bc	39.3±0.8^cd
多不饱和脂肪酸	5.5±0.3^b	6.6±1.1^b	5.3±0.4^b	6.2±0.4^b	6.1±0.1^b	11.2±1.0^a	6.3±0.5^b

甘油三酯TAG	碳原子数 ECN	母离子/子离子 MSn experiment (m/z)	爱文 Irwin	肯特 Keitt	汤米·阿特金斯 Tommy Atkins	帕尔默 Palmer	彩虹芒果 Maha Chanook	法兰 Falan	水仙芒 Nam Dok Mai
LLLn	40	[894.7]: 599.4, 597.4	0.2±0.0	0.5±0.3	0.2±0.1	0.3±0.0	0.6±0.1	1.4±0.1	0.3±0.1
LLL	42	[896.7]: 599.4	0.7±0.1	1.1±0.3	0.4±0.1	1.0±0.0	1.0±0.2	1.4±0.1	0.6±0.1
OLLn	42	[896.6]: 601.5, 599.5, 597.4	0.4±0.1	0.7±0.2	0.3±0.1	0.7±0.0	0.6±0.0	1.7±0.1	0.4±0.0
PLLn	42	[870.8]: 597.4, 575.4, 573.4	0.3±0.0	0.7±0.4	0.3±0.2	0.4±0.0	0.6±0.1	1.9±0.1	0.3±0.1
OLL	44	[898.7]: 601.4, 599.4	1.9±0.3	2.6±0.5	1.4±0.3	3.0±0.1	1.8±0.1	3.1±0.1	1.8±0.3
OOLn	44	[898.7]: 603.4, 599.4	1.7±0.2	2.3±0.6	1.3±0.4	2.3±0.1	1.9±0.2	3.7±0.2	1.4±0.2
PLL/POLn	44	[872.7]: 599.4, 575.4 [872.8]: 599.4, 577.4, 573.4	0.9±0.1	1.4±0.4	1.1±0.3	1.2±0.0	1.4±0.1	3.1±0.2	1.2±0.1
OOL	46	[900.7]: 603.5, 601.4	5.0±0.3	6.5±0.4	4.2±0.8	6.6±0.2	2.7±0.1	5.6±0.2	3.7±0.6
SLL	46	[900.7]: 603.5, 599.4	1.4±0.2	1.7±0.4	1.2±0.2	1.9±0.2	1.5±0.0	1.8±0.1	1.6±0.1
POL/SOLn	46	[874.6]: 601.5, 577.4, 575.4 [900.7]: 605.5, 601.5, 599.4	5.4±0.1	6.5±0.5	5.1±0.8	6.2±0.2	4.3±0.3	8.1±0.2	4.8±0.6
PPL	46	[848.7]: 575.4, 551.4	2.6±0.2	2.2±0.4	2.4±0.4	1.7±0.1	2.2±0.1	3.0±0.2	2.5±0.1
OOO	48	[902.7]: 603.5	4.0±0.0	4.4±0.7	4.0±0.8	4.5±0.3	1.9±0.3	3.0±0.1	2.4±0.4
SOL	48	[902.7]: 605.5, 603.4, 601.5	11.3±0.8	10.7±0.4	10.2±0.3	12.3±0.5	8.1±0.5	9.4±0.2	10.2±1.2
POO	48	[876.7]: 603.5, 577.4	3.0±0.3	4.7±0.6	3.5±0.7	2.6±0.2	1.5±0.2	4.1±0.2	1.8±0.1
PSL	48	[876.8]: 603.5, 579.4, 575.4	9.6±0.7	8.5±1.4	9.2±0.6	7.2±0.6	10.6±0.4	9.2±0.4	10.2±0.4
PPO	48	[850.8]: 577.5, 551.4	1.2±0.1	0.9±0.2	1.1±0.2	0.6±0.1	1.0±0.0	0.8±0.1	1.1±0.0
SOO	50	[904.7]: 605.5, 603.4	10.1±0.6	9.1±1.2	10.7±0.5	11.9±0.7	5.0±0.7	6.8±0.3	6.7±0.8
SSL	50	[904.7]: 607.5, 603.5	13.2±0.3	11.2±0.3	13.4±1.8	12.1±0.1	16.4±0.8	9.9±0.6	15.6±0.4
PSO	50	[878.7]: 605.5, 579.4, 577.4	8.9±0.2	7.5±1.2	9.4±1.1	6.4±1.0	9.4±0.4	5.0±0.5	9.6±1.1
OOA/SLA	52	[932.8]: 633.5, 603.5 [932.8]: 635.6, 631.5, 603.5	1.5±0.1	1.7±0.2	1.3±0.1	1.7±0.3	0.8±0.3	1.7±1.1	1.2±0.3
SOS	52	[906.7]: 607.5, 605.5	15.0±1.4	13.4±2.1	17.6±3.6	13.4±0.2	23.7±2.2	10.7±1.4	20.8±3.2
SOA	54	[934.8]: 635.6, 633.5, 605.5	1.0±0.1	1.1±0.3	1.0±0.2	1.1±0.1	1.6±0.2	0.6±0.1	1.3±0.3
其他甘油三酯			1.1±0.1	1.0±0.1	0.8±0.2	1.3±0.2	1.7±0.1	3.6±0.3	1.0±0.1
单不饱和TAGs			52.0±0.5	45.4±1.5	54.5±5.0	42.9±1.7	65.4±2.0	40.2±1.9	61.4±4.6
双不饱和TAGs			33.0±1.2	35.5±0.5	32.5±2.6	37.3±1.0	22.8±1.6	36.6±0.7	27.0±3.0
三不饱和 TAGs			13.7±0.9	18.0±1.5	11.9±2.6	18.5±0.4	11.0±0.7	21.4±0.9	10.8±1.8