Biosynthetic Pathway and Regulation of Anthocyanins in the Pericarp of Litchi

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2020.10.012

Abstract

Abstract:

Litchi is a subtropical evergreen fruit tree, which has high commercial value. The color of litchi fruit is an important quality character that affects market appealing. The color of litchi fruit decides by various pigments. The red coloration of litchi pericarp during maturation mainly due to the accumulation of anthocyanins. The biosynthesis of anthocyanins in litchi pericarp involves multiple steps and is regulated by different factors. With the wide application of molecular biology techniques, the research on anthocyanin biosynthesis and regulation has attained substantial progress in recent years. Numerous papers about the biosynthesis of anthocyanins in litchi has also been published. Here, we summarize the research results in recent years on domestic and foreign studies on litchi amthocyanins. The biosynthetic pathway of anthocyanins in litchi pericarp was reviewed. And the effects of the external environment, physiology and biochemistry, and molecular biology on the accumulation of anthocyanins were comprehensively summarized to provide theoretical guidance for better fruit coloration through breeding or cultural attempts.

Key words: litchi, pericarp, anthocyanins, biosynthetic pathway, regulation

CLC Number:

S667.1

CHEN Jiayi,ZHAO Jietang,WANG Huicong,HU Guibing. Biosynthetic Pathway and Regulation of Anthocyanins in the Pericarp of Litchi[J]. Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, 2020, 41(10): 2055-2061.

Figures/Tables 2

Fig. 1 The biosynthesis pathway of anthocyanins PAL: L-phenylalanin ammo-nialyase; C4H: Cinnamic acid-4- hydroxylase; 4CL: 4-coumarate:CoA ligase; CHS: Chalcone synthase; CHI: Chalcone isomerase; F3H: Flavanone 3-hydroxylase; F3° H: Flavonoid 3°-hydroxylase; F3°5°H: Flavonoid-3°, 5°- hydroxylase; FLS: Flavonol synthase; DFR: Dihydroflavonol 4-reductase; ANS: Anthocyanidin synthase; ANR: Anthocyanidin reductase; UFGT: UDP-glucose: flavonoid 3-O-glucosyltransferase ; LAR: Leucoanthocyanidin reductase; 3RT: Flavonoid -3-O-rhamnosyltransferase.

Fig. 2 Simplify model of the regulation role on anthocyanin biosynthesis (Refering to Zhang et al.[52] with slight modification) PHYs: Phytochromes; PHOTs: Phototropins; CRYs: Cryptochromes; UVR8: UV Resistance Locus 8; COP1: Constitutive photomorphogenic 1; HY5: Elongated hypocotyl 5.

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