Developmental Anatomy of Flower Apparatus of Male Sterile Plant of Camellia vietnamensis

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2020.09.013

Abstract

Abstract:

The flowering sterility of Camellia vietnamensis is common in Hainan, which would seriously affect the production level of Camellia oil. In this study, the normal and sterile plants of C. vietnamensis in Hainan were used as the experimental materials, the external morphological characteristics of flower bud development were compared and observed, and the differences of pollen germination and pollen tube development were detected by the pollen in situ germination technique. The paraffin section method was used to observe the pistil and stamen during flower bud differentiation, and the correlation between the period of pistil and stamen development and the external morphology of flower bud was analyzed. In this study, the causes of sterility caused by flower organ development of C. vietnamensis in Hainan were analyzed in developmental biology, reproductive genetics and cell anatomy. There was no significant difference in the external morphology between the sterile flower and the normal flower, but the ovary of the sterile plant fell off after flowering, indicating that there was no normal insemination, the pollen grain did not germinate and the pollen tube did not elongate after stigma pollination. From the paraffin sections of pistil and stamen, it could be seen that the flower organ of the male sterile plant was abnormal, the tapetum of the anther was abnormally degraded and could not form mature pollen grains, but the sterile plant failed to form a mature embryo sac in the process of ovule development, resulting in hollow ovules.

Key words: Camellia vietnamensis, sterile plant, floral organ, pollen in situ germination, anatomical observation

CLC Number:

S794.4

JIA Zechong,LIU Yunhao,CHEN Xia,WANG Hai,DENG Yajie,HU Xinwen,ZHOU Yang,PANG Zhenzhen,LAI Hanggui. Developmental Anatomy of Flower Apparatus of Male Sterile Plant of Camellia vietnamensis[J]. Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, 2020, 41(9): 1808-1815.

Figures/Tables 7

Fig. 1 Pollen germination and pollen tube development of C. vietnamensis A: The pollen tube of a normal plant grows normally and is fascicled in the style; B: Infertile pollen tube is not developed; C: The pollen tubes of normal plants grew in a straight line after entering the style-guided tissue; D: The basal segment of pollen tube germinated by normal plant was obviously enlarged.

Fig. 2 External morphological differences between normal and sterile flowers of C. vietnamensis A: C. vietnamensis normal strainⅠ,Ⅱ, Ⅲ, Ⅳ four development stages; B: C. vietnamensis sterile plantsⅠ,Ⅱ, Ⅲ, Ⅳ four development stages; C: The external morphological differences between normal flowers and sterile flowers of C. vietnamensis (left is normal flower, right is sterile flower); D: The morphological difference of ovary after anthesis between normal plant and sterile plant of C. vietnamensis (up is normal plant, ovary development is enlarged; down is sterile plant, ovary dry and shriveled).

Fig. 3 External morphology of flower buds of normal and sterile flowers of C. vietnamensis Different lowercase letters indicate variance analysis reached significant difference at the 0.05 level.

Tab.1 Analysis on difference of flower pattern index between normal and sterile flowers of C. vietnamensis in different periods of growth and development

花型 Flower pattern	时期Ⅰ PeriodⅠ	时期Ⅱ PeriodⅡ	时期Ⅲ Period Ⅲ	时期 Ⅳ Period Ⅳ
正常花	1.86^a	1.81^a	1.84^a	1.76^a
不育花	1.72^a	1.72^a	1.64^a	1.56^a

Fig. 4 Anatomical observation on anther structure Of C. vietnamensis A: Normal strain stage I; B: Normal strain stageⅡ; C: Normal strain stage III; D: Normal strain stage IV; E: Sterile plant stage I; F: Sterile plant stageⅡ; G: Sterile plant stage III; H: Sterile plant stage IV.

Fig. 5 Anatomical observation on structure of embryo sac of C. vietnamensis A: Normal strain stage I; B: Normal strain stageⅡ; C: Normal strain stage III; D: Normal strain stage IV; E: Sterile plant stage I; F: Sterile plant stageⅡ; G: Sterile plant stage III; H: Sterile plant stage IV.

Tab. 2 Correlation between pistil and stamen development period and external morphology of flower bud of C. vietnamensis

发育时期 Period	花芽外部形态 External morphology	雄蕊发育阶段 Stamen development stage	雌蕊发育阶段 Pistil development stage
时期Ⅰ	芽鳞坚硬且有开裂趋势	单核小孢子中央期	大孢子母细胞
时期Ⅱ	芽鳞张开,稍微露蕾	单核靠边期	二分体时期
时期 Ⅲ	芽鳞脱落,花蕾露出	二核时期	二核或四核胚囊期
时期 Ⅳ	花朵含苞待放	花粉成熟期	胚囊成熟期

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