Flowering and Fruiting Characteristics of Cassava Diploid and Its Autotetraploid

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2020.08.011

Abstract

Abstract:

In this study, the diploid and its autotetraploid of ‘Xinxuan 048’ and ‘SC205’ were used as the test variety, and the differences of flowering and fruiting characteristics in the diploid and autotetraploid were compared using the method of fixed-plant observation to explore the effect of cassava chromosome doubling on flowering and fruiting characteristics, and provide scientific reference for the creation and identification of cassava polyploid material. The flowering and fruiting phenotypes of the tetraploids of the two cassava varieties were later than that of the diploid, and the size of the male and female flowers, anthers, fruits and seeds of the tetraploid was larger than that of the diploid. There were differences in anther distribution between different ploidy varieties of the two cassava varieties, and there were significant differences in the color of different ploidy female flowers in ‘Xinxuan 048’. Bisexual flowers appeared in the tetraploids of ‘Xinxuan 048’. There were also differences in the number of flowering and fruit setting between different ploidy cassava. The total single flower mass and total number of female or male flowers of the tetraploid of ‘Xinxuan 048’ were significantly larger than those of the diploid, but the difference of ‘SC205’ was not significant. Therefore, doubling the chromosome of cassava can delay the flowering time, increase the size of the reproductive organs, change the flower morphological characteristics and the number of male and female flowers and the total amount of flowers, but the change is different due to variety difference.

Key words: cassava, diploid, tetraploid, flowering and fruiting characteristics, difference

CLC Number:

S330

LI Hengrui,CHEN Huixian,YANG Haixia,ZHANG Xiufen,HE Wen,LIANG Zhenhua,GUO Suyun,LIU Lianjun,LI Ping,CHEN Haisheng,YAN Huabing. Flowering and Fruiting Characteristics of Cassava Diploid and Its Autotetraploid[J]. Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, 2020, 41(8): 1582-1588.

Figures/Tables 10

Tab. 1 Comparison of flowering and fruiting phenology of cassava varieties with different ploidy

观测项目 Observation items	新选048（月-日） Xinxuan 048 (M-D)		华南205（月-日） SC205 (M-D)
观测项目 Observation items	2x	4x	2x	4x
现蕾期	8-90	8-11	8-21	8-26
初花期	8-16	8-18	9-30	9-90
盛花期	8-23	8-24	9-11	9-15
结实期	9-12	9-16	9-25	10-10
果熟期	11-25	11-29	12-10	12-11
落果期	12-20	12-26	1-50	1-12

Tab. 2 Comparison of flowering and fruit setting in different ploidy cassava varieties

性状 Characters	新选048 Xinxuan048		增幅 Increased/%	华南205 SC205		增幅Increased/%
性状 Characters	2x	4x	增幅 Increased/%	2x	4x	增幅Increased/%
单序雌花数量	8.20±1.94^a	6.20±1.17^a	-32.26	5.80±2.04^a	6.60±2.24^a	12.12
单序雄花数量	25.40±6.62^a	16.20±2.71^a	-56.79	34.80±5.15^a	36.60±4.88^a	4.92
单序总花量	33.60±6.02^a	22.40±3.32^b	-50.00	40.60±6.62^a	43.20±6.40^a	6.02
单序坐果数	5.20±0.98^a	4.80±1.33^a	-8.33	3.80±1.60^a	3.60±0.80^a	-5.55
单序坐果率/%	65.47±13.00^a	77.12±14.60^a	15.11	64.95±13.39^a	60.86±22.45^a	-6.72
雌花总数量	30.60±4.27^a	20.60±3.72^b	-48.54	5.80±2.04^a	6.60±2.24^a	12.12
雄花总数量	68.80±7.83^a	56.80±4.58^b	-21.13	34.80±5.15^a	36.60±4.88^a	4.92
雌花总数量/雄花总数量	0.44	0.36		0.17	0.18

Tab. 3 Comparison of transverse diameters of male and female flowers of cassava varieties between different ploidy

性状 Characters	新选048 Xinxuan048		增幅 Increased/%	华南205 SC205		增幅Increased/%
性状 Characters	2x	4x	增幅 Increased/%	2x	4x	增幅Increased/%
雌花横径/cm	2.07±0.07^a	2.36±0.06^a	14.01	1.53±0.04^a	1.67±0.05^a	8.91
雄花横径/cm	1.64±0.04^a	2.29±0.16^b	39.55	1.81±0.04^a	2.28±0.06^b	25.78
两性花横径/cm	—	2.84±0.06	—	—	—	—

Fig. 1 Comparison of female and male flowers characteristics of cassava varieties with different ploidies A-1 is diploid female flowers of ‘Xinxuan 048’; A-4 is diploid male flower of ‘Xinxuan 048’; A-2 is tetraploid female flower of ‘Xinxuan 048’; A-5 is tetraploid male flower of ‘Xinxuan 048’; A-3 is bisexual flower of ‘Xinxuan 048’; B-1 is diploid male flower of the ‘SC205’; B-3 is diploid female flowers of the ‘SC205’; B-2 is tetraploid male flower of the ‘SC205’; B-4 is tetraploid female flower of the ‘SC205’.

Fig. 2 Longitudinal diameter of fruit of different cassava varieties in each observation period

Fig. 3 Longitudinal diameter of fruit of different ploidy ploidy cassava varieties in each observation period

Fig. 4 Comparison of fruit development characteristics of cassava varieties with different ploidy A: ‘Xinxuan 048’ diploid; B: ‘Xinxuan 048’ tetraploid; C: ‘SC205’ diploid; D: ‘SC205’ tetraploid;From the left to right in the picture, the fruit morphology were 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 110, 120 d after flowering.

Fig. 5 Vertical diameter of seed of different ploidy cassava varieties in each observation period

Fig. 6 Cross diameter of seed different ploidy cassava varieties in each observation period

Fig. 7 Comparison of fruit development characteristics of cassava varieties with different ploidy From the left to right pictures A, B, C, D were the seeds 80, 90, 100, 110 and 120 d after flowering.

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